MCQ

1> What is DBMS?

a) DBMS is a collection of queries
b) DBMS is a high-level language
c) DBMS is a programming language
d) DBMS stores, modifies and retrieves data
View Answer
Answer: d
2>Which type of data can be stored in the database?
a) Image oriented data
b) Text, files containing data
c) Data in the form of audio or video
d) All of the above
View Answer
Answer: d
3>. In which of the following formats data is stored in the database management
system?
a) Image
b) Text
c) Table
d) Graph
View Answer
Answer: c
4>. Which of the following is not a type of database?
a) Hierarchical
b) Network
c) Distributed
d) Decentralized
View Answer
Answer: d
5> Which of the following is not a feature of DBMS?
a) Minimum Duplication and Redundancy of Data
b) High Level of Security
c) Single-user Access only
d) Support ACID Property
View Answer
Answer: c
6>. Which of the following is a feature of the database?
a) No-backup for the data stored
b) User interface provided
c) Lack of Authentication
d) Store data in multiple locations
View Answer
Answer: b
7>. Which of the following is not a function of the database?
a) Managing stored data
b) Manipulating data
c) Security for stored data
d) Analysing code
View Answer
Answer: d
8>. Which of the following is a component of the DBMS?
a) Data
b) Data Languages
c) Data Manager
d) All of the above
View Answer
Answer: d
9. Which of the following is known as a set of entities of the same type that share same
properties, or attributes?
a) Relation set
b) Tuples
c) Entity set
d) Entity Relation model
View Answer
Answer: c
10>. What is information about data called?
a) Hyper data
b) Tera data
c) Meta data
d) Relations
View Answer
Answer: c
11>. The values appearing in given attributes of any tuple in the referencing relation
must likewise occur in specified attributes of at least one tuple in the referenced relation,
according to integrity constraint.
a) Referential
b) Primary
c) Referencing
d) Specific
View Answer
Answer: a
12>. The DBMS acts as an interface between and
of an enterprise-class system.
a) Data and the DBMS
b) Application and SQL
c) Database application and the database
d) The user and the software
View Answer
Answer: c
13>. is a set of one or more attributes taken collectively to uniquely
identify a record.
a) Primary Key
b) Foreign key
c) Super key
d) Candidate key
View Answer
Answer: c
14>. Which command is used to remove a relation from an SQL?
a) Drop table
b) Delete
c) Purge
d) Remove
View Answer
Answer: a
15>. Which of the following set should be associated with weak entity set for weak entity
to be meaningful?
a) Neighbour set
b) Strong entity set
c) Owner set
d) Identifying set
View Answer
Answer: d
16. Procedural language among the following is
a) Domain relational calculus
b) Tuple relational calculus
c) Relational algebra
d) Query language
View Answer
Answer: c
17>. operations do not preserve non-matched tuples.
a) Left outer join
b) Inner join
c) Natural join
d) Right outer join
View Answer
Answer: b
18>. Which forms have a relation that contains information about a single entity?
a) 4NF
b) 2NF
c) 5NF
d) 3NF
View Answer
Answer: a
19>. The top level of the hierarchy consists of each of which can contain .
a) Schemas, Catalogs
b) Schemas, Environment
c) Environment, Schemas
d) Catalogs, Schemas
View Answer
Answer: d
20>. Why the following statement is erroneous?

SELECT dept_name, ID, avg (salary)

FROM instructor
GROUP BY dept_name;

a) Dept_id should not be used in group by clause

b) Group by clause is not valid in this query
c) Avg(salary) should not be selected
d) None
View Answer
Answer: a
21>. After groups have been established, SQL applies predicates in the
clause, allowing aggregate functions to be used.
a) Where
b) Having
c) Group by
d) With
View Answer
Answer: b
22>. What does a foreign key combined with a primary key create?
a) Network model between the tables that connect them
b) Parent-Child relationship between the tables that connects them
c) One to many relationship between the tables that connects them
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
23>. What is the function of the following command?

Delete from r where P;

a) Clears entries from relation

b) Deletes relation
c) Deletes particular tuple from relation
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c

24. For designing a normal RDBMS which of the following normal form is considered
adequate?
a) 4NF
b) 3NF
c) 2NF
d) 5NF
View Answer
Answer: b
25>. Which is a unary operation:
a) Selection operation
b) Primitive operation
c) Projection operation
d) Generalized selection
View Answer
Answer: d
26>. Which is a join condition contains an equality operator:
a) Equijoins
b) Cartesian
c) Natural
d) Left
View Answer
Answer: a
27>. Which is a join condition contains an equality operator:
a) Equijoins
b) Cartesian
c) Natural
d) Left
View Answer
Answer: a
28>. In precedence of set operators, the expression is evaluated from
a) Left to left
b) Left to right
c) Right to left
d) From user specification
View Answer
Answer: b
29>. The assignment operator is denoted by
a) ->
b) <-
c) =
d) ==
View Answer
Answer: b
30> In the normal form, a composite attribute is converted to individual
attributes.
a) First
b) Second
c) Third
d) Fourth
View Answer
Answer: a
31>. A table on the many side of a one to many or many to many relationship must:
a) Be in Second Normal Form (2NF)
b) Be in Third Normal Form (3NF)
c) Have a single attribute key
d) Have a composite key
View Answer
Answer: d
32>. Tables in second normal form (2NF):
a) Eliminate all hidden dependencies
b) Eliminate the possibility of a insertion anomalies
c) Have a composite key
d) Have all non key fields depend on the whole primary key
View Answer
Answer: a
33>. Functional Dependencies are the types of constraints that are based on
a) Key
b) Key revisited
c) Superset key
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
34>. Which forms simplifies and ensures that there are minimal data aggregates and
repetitive groups:
a) 1NF
b) 2NF
c) 3NF
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The first normal form is used to eliminate the duplicate information.
35>. Which forms has a relation that possesses data about an individual entity:
a) 2NF
b) 3NF
c) 4NF
d) 5NF
View Answer
Answer: c
36>. Which forms are based on the concept of functional dependency:
a) 1NF
b) 2NF
c) 3NF
d) 4NF
View Answer
Answer: c
SHORT QUESTION

1>What is the difference between single valued attribute and multi valued attribute?

Ans>An instance of a single-valued attribute can contain a single value. An instance

of a multivalued attribute can contain either a single value or multiple values. Active
Directory does not create attributes with empty values—either the attribute contains
a valid value or it does not exist on the object.
2>What is difference between data abstraction and data independence?
Ans>Data Abstraction is a process of hiding unwanted or irrelevant details from the
end user. It hides the underlying details and complexities, making it easier for users and
programmers to work with data

Data independence is the ability to change the data storage and organization without
affecting the application programs that use the data to enhance the security of data.
There are two types of data independence – Logical Data Independence and Physical
Data Independence. It provides a different view and helps in achieving data independence
which is used to enhance the security of data. The database systems consist of complicated data
structures and relations

3>What is the difference between relational data model and entity-relationship

model?
Ans>An ER model stands for entity-relationship model, which shows the logical
structure of data using entities, attributes, and relationships. A relational model, on
the other hand, shows the physical structure of data using tables, columns, and
keys.

4>What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an ER model compared to a

relational model in database design?

Ans>The design of ER is very logical and hence they are easy to design and
understand. They show database capabilities like how tables, keys and columns are
used to find a solution to the given question. INTEGRATED : The ER Model can be
easily integrated with relational model

5>What is the difference between data definition language DDL and data
manipulation language DML?
Ans>The Data Definition Language, or DDL, is used to specify the architecture and
structure of the database, including the creation of tables and changes to their
characteristics. Data Manipulation Language, or DML, is used to insert, update, and
delete records among other database-related operations
6>What are the integrity constraints used in relational model?

Domain Constraint
Domain integrity constraint contains a certain set of rules or conditions to restrict the kind of
attributes or values a column can hold in the database table.

Entity Integrity Constraint

Entity Integrity Constraint is used to ensure that the primary key cannot be null

Referential Integrity Constraint

Referential Integrity Constraint ensures that there must always exist a valid relationship between
two relational database tables.

Key constraint

Keys are the set of entities that are used to identify an entity within its entity set uniquely.

Ans>Entity Integrity Constraint is used to ensure that the primary key cannot be null.
A primary key is used to identify individual records in a table and if the primary key
has a null value, then we can't identify those records. There can be null values
anywhere in the table except the primary key column.
7>What is ORDER BY and GROUP BY in SQL example?
Ans>A GROUP BY statement sorts data by grouping it based on column(s) you
specify in the query and is used with aggregate functions. An ORDER BY allows you
to organize result sets alphabetically or numerically and in ascending or descending
order

GROUP BY is always placed after the WHERE clause but before the ORDER BY
statement. On the other hand, ORDER BY is always used after the GROUP BY
statement.

8>What is relational algebra explain its fundamental operations with example?

Ans>Relational algebra refers to a procedural query language that takes relation
instances as input and returns relation instances as output. It performs queries with
the help of operators. A binary or unary operator can be used. They take in relations
as input and produce relations as output.

9>What is a super key and candidate key with an example?

Ans>Super Key is an attribute (or set of attributes) that is used to uniquely identifies
all attributes in a relation. Candidate Key is a subset of a super key. All super keys
can't be candidate keys. But all candidate keys are super keys

10>What is the difference between a strong and weak relationship?

Ans>A weak or non-identifying relationship exists between two entities when the
primary key of one of the related entities does not contain a primary key component
of the other related entities. A strong or identifying relationship is when the primary
key of the related entity contains the primary key of the “parent”