Introduction Arduino

Chapter 1

Teknik Pemrograman
Syaeful Anas Aklani, M.Kom
Arduino
Here are the components that make up an Arduino board and what each of their functions are.
1. Reset Button – This will restart any code that is loaded to the Arduino board
2. AREF – Stands for “Analog Reference” and is used to set an external reference voltage
3. Ground Pin – There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they all work the same
4. Digital Input/Output – Pins 0-13 can be used for digital input or output
5. PWM – The pins marked with the (~) symbol can simulate analog output
6. USB Connection – Used for powering up your Arduino and uploading sketches
7. TX/RX – Transmit and receive data indication LEDs
8. ATmega Microcontroller – This is the brains and is where the programs are stored
9. Power LED Indicator – This LED lights up anytime the board is plugged in a power source
10.Voltage Regulator – This controls the amount of voltage going into the Arduino board
11.DC Power Barrel Jack – This is used for powering your Arduino with a power supply
12.3.3V Pin – This pin supplies 3.3 volts of power to your projects

13.5V Pin – This pin supplies 5 volts of power to your projects

15. Analog Pins – These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor and convert it to digital
Breadboard
Breadboard a test board where you can
build various electronic circuits without
having to solder from one component to
another, to connect them, just plug them
in the holes of each row.
The inner construction of a breadboard
looks like in the picture, from each row of
holes 1 - 30, 5 holes labeled a - e are all
connected, so are the 5 holes f - j all
connected. On both sides of the hole
there are labels - (negative) and +
(positive) all connected from the left end
to the right end
Introduction
Jumper cables — used to connect each
component leg that is far apart on the
breadboard circuit, and to connect from
the component leg to the Arduino board
Light Emitting Diode (LED) — is a type of
diode that glows when an electric current
passes through it. Like all types of diodes,
electric current only flows in one direction
through this component. You often find
LEDs as indicators on electronic
equipment. The anode leg, which is
usually connected to a positive voltage,
has a longer leg, while the cathode leg is
shorter.
Introduction
RGB LED — is an LED in which there are three
basic red-green-blue LED lights, a combination
of these three colors with different brightness
levels can produce all color combinations.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) — is an
alphanumeric display media that uses liquid
crystals as the medium. This type of LCD is
available in several sizes and shapes. The one
used in this kit has 2 lines with 16 characters
per line
Introduction
Buzzer — is an electronic component that functions to convert
electrical vibrations into sound vibrations. There are two types of
buzzers, namely active buzzers (producing their own vibrations
only by being given a 5V voltage) and passive buzzers (requiring a
simulation of voltage pulses to produce sound vibrations). This
kit uses an active 5V buzzer. can use the buzzer to produce
simple music
Resistor — serves to inhibit the flow of electricity in the circuit,
so that it can produce changes in current and voltage. Resistor
values ​are expressed in units of Ω (ohm). The arrangement of the
circular color rings on the resistor body shows the resistance
value.
Introduction
Photoresistor — (also known as LDR - light
dependent resistor) a variable resistor whose
resistance value depends on the intensity
received on the surface of the sensor.
Potentiometer — is a resistor whose resistance
value can be adjusted according to the
rotational position of the knob. When both
sides of the potentiometer are given ground
and positive 5V voltage, the middle leg will
issue a variable voltage from 0 - 5V according
to the position of the knob rotation.
Introduction
Push button — is a switch that connects the
current in a circuit when the knob is pressed. The
switch is very suitable to be installed on the digital
input pin to detect the on/off signal.
Servo — is a motor that has a gearbox and can
rotate with a precise position as ordered, for this
type it can only rotate 180 degrees. The rotation
can be controlled by providing a voltage pulse from
the Arduino analog output, this voltage pulse
instructs the servo to rotate in a certain position.
Introduction
Ultrasonic Module — can function as a proximity
sensor to measure distances from 2cm - 400cm
and has an accuracy level of about 3mm. In this
module there is an ultrasonic sensor receiver,
transmitter and control circuit. There are only four
pins to connect it to the Arduino: VCC (Power 5V),
Trig (Trigger), Echo (Receive), and GND (Ground).
USB cable — serves to connect Arduino Uno to a
computer or Android device (requires OTG
adapter), as a programming path. Through this
USB cable it also functions to provide a voltage
source for any series of projects connected to
Arduino.
How To Program Arduino
Once the circuit has been created on the
breadboard, you’ll need to upload the program
(known as a sketch) to the Arduino. The sketch
is a set of instructions that tells the board what
functions it needs to perform. An Arduino
board can only hold and perform one sketch at a
time. The software used to create Arduino
sketches is called the IDE which stands for
Integrated Development Environment. The
software is free to download and can be found
at https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
How To Program Arduino
• Every Arduino sketch has two main parts to
the program:
• void setup() – Sets things up that have to be
done once and then don’t happen again.
• void loop() – Contains the instructions that
get repeated over and over until the board is
turned off.
Tools Needed
Next we will help to highlight some of the most common tools you will need
when working with Arduino projects.
• Needle-nose Pliers
• Wire Strippers
• Precision Screwdriver Set
• Flush Cutters
• Fine Tip Straight Tweezers
• Digital Multimeter
• Soldering Iron
• Panavise Jr
• Solder Sucker
Arduino Shields
if you want to add a very specific functionality to your
Arduino, you will need to use a shield. Arduino shields
plug into the top of the Arduino board and can add
capabilities such as WiFi, Bluetooth, GPS and much
more. There are literally hundreds of shields to choose
from and here are a few examples.
• WiFi Shield
• LCD Shield
• GPS Logger Shield
• MP3 Music Maker Shield
• Ethernet Shield
• Motor/Stepper/Servo Shield
Arduino Shields Arduino Sensors
If you want your Arduino to sense the world around it, you will need to add a
sensor. There are a wide range of sensors to choose from and they each have a specific
purpose. Below you will find some of the commonly used sensors in projects.
• Distance Ranging Sensor
• PIR Motion Sensor
• Light Sensor
• Degree of Flex Sensor
• Pressure Sensor
• Proximity Sensor
• Acceleration Sensor
• Sound Detecting Sensor
• RGB and Gesture Sensor
• Humidity and Temperature Sensor
Arduino Shields Arduino Sensors
If you want your Arduino to sense the world around it, you will need to add a
sensor. There are a wide range of sensors to choose from and they each have a specific
purpose. Below you will find some of the commonly used sensors in projects.
• Distance Ranging Sensor
• PIR Motion Sensor
• Light Sensor
• Degree of Flex Sensor
• Pressure Sensor
• Proximity Sensor
• Acceleration Sensor
• Sound Detecting Sensor
• RGB and Gesture Sensor
• Humidity and Temperature Sensor
Arduino
Example Traffic Light
Working on Basics
The LED have been powered by Arduino UNO (Board). It contains
a code which uploaded to the board. And once it simulated LED
Start's blinking like a traffic light. In this 15 Second will for Red
Light 6 Second for Yellow Light (In my Project Blue) and 20 Second
for Green Light.

Hookup
1. Hook the GND pin (Negative Pin) of all led to Pin GND of
Arduino.
2. Connect Red LED VCC Pin (Positive Pin) to Pin 9 of Arduino.
3. Connect Yellow LED VCC Pin (Positive Pin) to Pin 8 of Arduino.
4. Connect Green LED VCC Pin (Positive Pin) to Pin 7 of Arduino.
Example Led