C Programming Lab Record

Exercise 1:
1. Write a C program to print a block F using hash (#), where
the F has a height of six characters and width of five and four
characters.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("######\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#####\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#\n");
return(0);}
Output:
######
#
#
#####
#
#
#
2. Write a C program to compute the perimeter and area of a
rectangle with a height of 7 inches and width of 5 inches.
#include <stdio.h>
/* height and width of a rectangle in inches */
int width;
int height;
int area;
int perimeter;
int main() {
height = 7;
width = 5;
perimeter = 2*(height + width);
printf("Perimeter of the rectangle = %d inches\n", perimeter);
area = height * width;
printf("Area of the rectangle = %d square inches\n", area);
return(0);
}
Output:
Perimeter of the rectangle = 24 inches
Area of the rectangle = 35 square inches
3. Write a C program to display multiple variables.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 125, b = 12345;
long ax = 1234567890;
short s = 4043;
float x = 2.13459;
double dx = 1.1415927;
char c = 'W';
unsigned long ux = 2541567890;
printf("a + c = %d\n", a + c);
printf("x + c = %f\n", x + c);
printf("dx + x = %f\n", dx + x);
printf("((int) dx) + ax = %ld\n", ((int) dx) + ax);
printf("a + x = %f\n", a + x);
printf("s + b = %d\n", s + b);
printf("ax + b = %ld\n", ax + b);
printf("s + c = %hd\n", s + c);
printf("ax + c = %ld\n", ax + c);
printf("ax + ux = %lu\n", ax + ux);

return 0;
}
Output:
a + c = 212
x + c = 89.134590
dx + x = 3.276183
((int) dx) + ax = 1234567891
a + x = 127.134590
s + b = 16388
ax + b = 1234580235
s + c = 4130
ax + c = 1234567977
ax + ux = 3776135780

Exercise 2:
1. Write a C program to calculate the distance between the two
points.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float x1, y1, x2, y2, distance;
printf("Enter point 1 (x1, y1)\n");
scanf("%f%f", &x1, &y1);
printf("Enter point 2 (x2, y2)\n");
scanf("%f%f", &x2, &y2);
distance = sqrt( (x2 - x1)*(x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1)*(y2 - y1) );
printf("Distance between (%0.2f, %0.2f) and (%0.2f, %0.2f) is
%0.2f\n", x1, y1, x2, y2, distance);
return 0;
}
Output 1:
Enter point 1 (x1, y1)
0
0
Enter point 2 (x2, y2)
5
0
Distance between (0.00, 0.00) and (5.00, 0.00) is 5.00
Output 2:
Enter point 1 (x1, y1)
2
3
Enter point 2 (x2, y2)
10
8
Distance between (2.00, 3.00) and (10.00, 8.00) is 9.43
2. Write a C program that accepts 4 integers p, q, r, s from the
user where r and s are positive and p is even. If q is greater than r
and s is greater than p and if the sum of r and s is greater than the
sum of p and q print "Correct values", otherwise print "Wrong
values".
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int p, q, r, s;
printf("\nInput the first integer: ");
scanf("%d", &p);
printf("\nInput the second integer: ");
scanf("%d", &q);
printf("\nInput the third integer: ");
scanf("%d", &r);
printf("\nInput the fourth integer: ");
scanf("%d", &s);
if((q > r) && (s > p) && ((r+s) > (p+q)) && (r > 0) && (s > 0)
&& (p%2 == 0))
{
printf("\nCorrect values\n");
}
else {
printf("\nWrong values\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output
Input the first integer: 25
Input the second integer: 35
Input the third integer: 15
Input the fourth integer: 46
Wrong values
Excercise 3:
1. Write a C program to convert a string to a long integer.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
char buffer[123];
unsigned long ul;
printf ("\nInput an unsigned number: ");
fgets (buffer,123,stdin);
ul = strtoul (buffer,NULL,0);
printf ("Output: %lu\n\n",ul);
return 0;
}
Output:
Input an unsigned number: 25
Output: 25
2. Write a program in C which is a Menu-Driven Program to
compute the area of the various geometrical shape.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int fig_code;
float side, base, length, breadth, height, area, radius;
printf("-------------------------\n");
printf(" 1 --> Circle\n");
printf(" 2 --> Rectangle\n");
printf(" 3 --> Triangle\n");
printf(" 4 --> Square\n");
printf("-------------------------\n");
printf("Enter the Figure code\n");
scanf("%d", &fig_code);
switch(fig_code)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter the radius\n");
scanf("%f", &radius);
area = 3.142 * radius * radius;
printf("Area of a circle = %f\n", area);
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter the breadth and length\n");
scanf("%f %f", &breadth, &length);
area = breadth * length;
printf("Area of a Reactangle = %f\n", area);
break;
case 3:
printf("Enter the base and height\n");
scanf("%f %f", &base, &height);
area = 0.5 * base * height;
printf("Area of a Triangle = %f\n", area);
break;
case 4:
printf("Enter the side\n");
scanf("%f", &side);
area = side * side;
printf("Area of a Square=%f\n", area);
break;
default:
printf("Error in figure code\n");
break;
}
}

Output:
1 --> Circle
2 --> Rectangle
3 --> Triangle
4 --> Square
-------------------------
Enter the Figure code
1
Enter the radius
30
Area of a circle = 2827.800049

-------------------------
1 --> Circle
2 --> Rectangle
3 --> Triangle
4 --> Square
-------------------------
Enter the Figure code
2
Enter the breadth and length
20 30
Area of a Reactangle = 600.000000

-------------------------
1 --> Circle
2 --> Rectangle
3 --> Triangle
4 --> Square
-------------------------
Enter the Figure code
3
Enter the base and height
45 80
Area of a Triangle = 1800.000000
-------------------------
1 --> Circle
2 --> Rectangle
3 --> Triangle
4 --> Square
-------------------------
Enter the Figure code
4
Enter the side
100
Area of a Square=10000.000000

3. Write a C program to calculate the factorial of a given number.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i;
unsigned long long fact = 1;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// shows error if the user enters a negative integer
if (n < 0)
printf("Error! Factorial of a negative number doesn't exist.");
else {
for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
fact *= i;
}
printf("Factorial of %d = %llu", n, fact);
}

return 0;
}

Output
Enter an integer: 10
Factorial of 10 = 3628800
Exercise 4:
1. Write a program in C to display the n terms of even natural
number and their sum.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n,sum=0;
printf("Input number of terms : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nThe even numbers are :");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("%d ",2*i);
sum+=2*i;
}
printf("\nThe Sum of even Natural Number upto %d terms : %d
\n",n,sum);
}

Output:
Input number of terms : 5
The even numbers are :2 4 6 8 10
The Sum of even Natural Number upto 5 terms : 30
2. Write a program in C to display the n terms of harmonic series
and their sum. 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 ... 1/n terms.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n;
float s=0.0;
printf("Input the number of terms : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{ if(i<n)
{
printf("1/%d + ", i);
s+=1/(float) i; } }
if(i==n)
{
printf("1/%d ",i);
s+=1/(float)i;
} }
printf("\nSum of Series upto %d terms : %f \n",n,s);
}

Output:
Input the number of terms : 5
1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5
Sum of Series upto 5 terms : 2.283334
3. Write a C program to check whether a given number is an
Armstrong number or not.
/*When the sum of the cube of the individual digits of a number
is equal to that number, the number is called Armstrong number. For
example 153.
Sum of its divisor is 13 + 53;+ 33; = 1+125+27 = 153*/
#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
int num,r,sum=0,temp;
printf("Input a number: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
for(temp=num;num!=0;num=num/10){
r=num % 10;
sum=sum+(r*r*r);
}
if(sum==temp)
printf("%d is an Armstrong number.\n",temp);
else
printf("%d is not an Armstrong number.\n",temp);
}

Output:
Input a number: 153
153 is an Armstrong number.
Exercise 5:
1. Write a program in C to print all unique elements in an array.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[100], n,ctr=0;
int i, j, k;
printf("\n\nPrint all unique elements of an array:\n");
printf("------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}
/*Checking duplicate elements in the array */
printf("\nThe unique elements found in the array are : \n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
ctr=0; /*Check duplicate bifore the current position and
increase counter by 1 if found.*/
for(j=0; j<i-1; j++)
{
/*Increment the counter when the seaarch value is duplicate.*/
if(arr1[i]==arr1[j])
{
ctr++;
}
}
/*Check duplicate after the current position and
increase counter by 1 if found.*/
for(k=i+1; k<n; k++)
{
/*Increment the counter when the seaarch value is duplicate.*/
if(arr1[i]==arr1[k])
{
ctr++;
}
}
/*Print the value of the current position of the array as
unique value
when counter remain contains its initial value.*/
if(ctr==0)
{
printf("%d ",arr1[i]);
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}

Output:
Print all unique elements of an array:
------------------------------------------
Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :3
Input 3 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 1
element - 1 : 5
element - 2 : 1
The unique elements found in the array are : 5
2. Write a program in C to separate odd and even integers in
separate arrays.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[10], arr2[10], arr3[10];
int i,j=0,k=0,n;
printf("\n\nSeparate odd and even integers in separate arrays:\n");
printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if (arr1[i]%2 == 0)
{ arr2[j] = arr1[i];
j++; }
else
{
arr3[k] = arr1[i];
k++; }
}
printf("\nThe Even elements are : \n");
for(i=0;i<j;i++)
{
printf("%d ",arr2[i]);
}
printf("\nThe Odd elements are :\n");
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr3[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}
Output:
Separate odd and even integers in separate arrays:
------------------------------------------------------
Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :5
Input 5 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 25
element - 1 : 47
element - 2 : 42
element - 3 : 56
element - 4 : 32
The Even elements are :
42 56 32
The Odd elements are :
25 47

3. Write a program in C to sort elements of array in ascending

order.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[100];
int n, i, j, tmp;
printf("\n\nsort elements of array in ascending order :\n ");
printf("----------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the size of array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{ printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
for(j=i+1; j<n; j++)
{
if(arr1[j] <arr1[i])
{
tmp = arr1[i];
arr1[i] = arr1[j];
arr1[j] = tmp;
}
}
}
printf("\nElements of array in sorted ascending order:\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr1[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}

Output:
sort elements of array in ascending order :
----------------------------------------------
Input the size of array : 5
Input 5 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 2
element - 1 : 7
element - 2 : 4
element - 3 : 5
element - 4 : 9
Elements of array in sorted ascending order:
2 4 5 7 9

Exercise 6:
1. Write a program in C for multiplication of two square
Matrices.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[50][50],brr1[50][50],crr1[50][50],i,j,k,r1,c1,r2,c2,sum=0;
printf("\n\nMultiplication of two Matrices :\n");
printf("----------------------------------\n");
printf("\nInput the rows and columns of first matrix : ");
scanf("%d %d",&r1,&c1);
printf("\nInput the rows and columns of second matrix : ");
scanf("%d %d",&r2,&c2);
if(c1!=r2){
printf("Mutiplication of Matrix is not possible.");
printf("\nColumn of first matrix and row of second matrix must be
same.");
}
else
{
printf("Input elements in the first matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Input elements in the second matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&brr1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\nThe First matrix is :\n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
printf("%d\t",arr1[i][j]);
}

printf("\nThe Second matrix is :\n");

for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
printf("%d\t",brr1[i][j]);
}
//multiplication of matrix
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
crr1[i][j]=0;
for(i=0;i<r1;i++) //row of first matrix
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++) //column of second matrix
{
sum=0;
for(k=0;k<c1;k++)
sum=sum+arr1[i][k]*brr1[k][j];
crr1[i][j]=sum;
}
}
printf("\nThe multiplication of two matrices is : \n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",crr1[i][j]);
}
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}
Output:
Multiplication of two Matrices :
----------------------------------
Input the rows and columns of first matrix : 2 2
Input the rows and columns of second matrix : 2 2

Input elements in the first matrix :

element - [0],[0] : 1
element - [0],[1] : 2
element - [1],[0] : 3
element - [1],[1] : 4
Input elements in the second matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 5
element - [0],[1] : 6
element - [1],[0] : 7
element - [1],[1] : 8

The First matrix is :

1 2
3 4
The Second matrix is :
5 6
7 8
The multiplication of two matrices is :
19 22
43 50

2. Write a program in C to find transpose of a given matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[50][50],brr1[50][50],i,j,r,c;
printf("\n\nTranspose of a Matrix :\n");
printf("---------------------------\n");
printf("\nInput the rows and columns of the matrix : ");
scanf("%d %d",&r,&c);
printf("Input elements in the first matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i][j]);
}
}

printf("\nThe matrix is :\n");

for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
printf("%d\t",arr1[i][j]);
}

for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
brr1[j][i]=arr1[i][j];
}
}

printf("\n\nThe transpose of a matrix is : ");

for(i=0;i<c;i++){
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<r;j++){
printf("%d\t",brr1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}

Output:
Transpose of a Matrix :
---------------------------
Input the rows and columns of the matrix : 2 2
Input elements in the first matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 1
element - [0],[1] : 2
element - [1],[0] : 3
element - [1],[1] : 4

The matrix is :
1 2
3 4
The transpose of a matrix is :
1 3
2 4

Exercise 7:
1. Write a program in C to search an element in a row wise and
column wise sorted matrix.
#include <stdio.h>
int searchElement(int arr2D[4][4], int n, int x)
{
int i = 0, j = n-1;
while ( i < n && j >= 0 )
{
if ( arr2D[i][j] == x )
{
printf("\nThe element Found at the position in the matrix is:
%d, %d", i, j);
return 1;
}
if ( arr2D[i][j] < x )
j--;
else
i++;
}
printf("\nThe given element not found in the 2D array.");
return 0;
}

int main()
{
int arr2D[4][4] = { {15, 23, 31, 39},
{18, 26, 36, 43},
{25, 28, 37, 48},
{30, 34, 39, 50},
};
int i,j,v;
v=37;
//------------- print original array ------------------
printf("The given array in matrix form is : \n");
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
for (j=0;j<4;j++)
{
printf("%d ", arr2D[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
//------------------------------------------------------
printf("The given value for searching is: %d",v);
searchElement(arr2D, 4, v);
return 0;
}
Output:
The given array in matrix form is :
15 23 31 39
18 26 36 43
25 28 37 48
30 34 39 50
The given value for searching is: 37
The element Found at the position in the matrix is: 2, 2

2. Write a program in C to print individual characters of string in

reverse order.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void main()
{
char str[100]; /* Declares a string of size 100 */
int l=0;
printf("\n\nPrint individual characters of string in reverse order
:\n");
printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the string : ");
fgets(str, sizeof str, stdin);
l=strlen(str);
printf("The characters of the string in reverse are : \n");
for(str[l]='\0';l>=0;l--)
{
printf("%c ", str[l]);
}
printf("\n");
}

Output:
Print individual characters of string in reverse order :
-----------------------------------------------------------
Input the string : raja
The characters of the string in reverse are : ajar

Exercise 8:
1. Write a program in C to compare two strings without using
string library functions.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define str_size 100 //Declare the maximum size of the string
void main()
{
char str1[str_size], str2[str_size];
int flg=0 , i=0;
printf("\n\nCompare two string whether they are equal or not
:\n");
printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the 1st string : ");
fgets(str1, sizeof str1, stdin);
printf("Input the 2nd string : ");
fgets(str2, sizeof str2, stdin);
/* Runs till both strings are equal */
while(str1[i] == str2[i])
{
if(str1[i] == '\0' || str2[i] == '\0')
break;

i++;
}
if(str1[i-1] == '\0' && str2[i-1]=='\0')
flg=0;
else if(str1[i] > str2[i])
flg=1;
else if(str1[i] < str2[i])
flg=-1;

if(flg == 0)
{
printf("\nThe length of both strings are equal and \nalso both
strings are equal.\n\n");
}
else if(flg == -1)
{
printf("\nThe length of the first string is smaller than
second.\n\n");
}
else
{
printf("\nThe length of the first string is greater than
second.\n\n");
}
}
Output:
Compare two string whether they are equal or not :
------------------------------------------------------
Input the 1st string : This is first string
Input the 2nd string : This is first string
The length of both strings are equal and
also both strings are equal.
2. Write a program in C to copy one string to another string.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void main()
{
char str1[100], str2[100];
int i;
printf("\n\nCopy one string into another string :\n");
printf("-----------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the string : ");
fgets(str1, sizeof str1, stdin);

/* Copies string1 to string2 character by character */

i=0;
while(str1[i]!='\0')
{
str2[i] = str1[i];
i++;
}

//Makes sure that the string is NULL terminated

str2[i] = '\0';
printf("\nThe First string is : %s\n", str1);
printf("The Second string is : %s\n", str2);
printf("Number of characters copied : %d\n\n", i);
}

Output:
Copy one string into another string :
-----------------------------------------
Input the string : This is a string to be copied.

The First string is : This is a string to be copied.

The Second string is : This is a string to be copied.

Number of characters copied : 31

Exercise 9:
1. Write a C program to store information using structures
with dynamic memory allocation.
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct course
{
int marks;
char subject[30];
};
int main()
{
struct course *ptr;
int i, noOfRecords;
printf("Enter number of records: ");
scanf("%d", &noOfRecords);
// Allocates the memory for noOfRecords structures with pointer ptr
pointing to the base address.
ptr = (struct course*) malloc (noOfRecords * sizeof(struct course));
for(i = 0; i < noOfRecords; ++i)
{
printf("Enter name of the subject and marks respectively:\n");
scanf("%s %d", &(ptr+i)->subject, &(ptr+i)->marks);
}
printf("Displaying Information:\n");
for(i = 0; i < noOfRecords ; ++i)
printf("%s\t%d\n", (ptr+i)->subject, (ptr+i)->marks);
return 0;
}

Output
Enter number of records: 2
Enter name of the subject and marks respectively:
mathematics
22
Enter name of the subject and marks respectively:
physics
33
Displaying Information:
mathematics 22
physics 33
2. Write a C program to demonstrate how to handle the
pointers in the program.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int* ab;
int m;
m=29;
printf("\n\n Pointer : How to handle the pointers in the program
:\n");
printf("------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Here in the declaration ab = int pointer, int m= 29\n\n");
printf(" Address of m : %p\n",&m);
printf(" Value of m : %d\n\n",m);
ab=&m;
printf(" Now ab is assigned with the address of m.\n");
printf(" Address of pointer ab : %p\n",ab);
printf(" Content of pointer ab : %d\n\n",*ab);
m=34;
printf(" The value of m assigned to 34 now.\n");
printf(" Address of pointer ab : %p\n",ab);
printf(" Content of pointer ab : %d\n\n",*ab);
*ab=7;
printf(" The pointer variable ab is assigned the value 7 now.\n");
printf(" Address of m : %p\n",&m);//as ab contain the address of m
//so *ab changed the value of m and now m become 7
printf(" Value of m : %d\n\n",m);
return 0;
}
Output:
Pointer : How to handle the pointers in the program :
------------------------------------------------------------
Here in the declaration ab = int pointer, int m= 29
Address of m : 0x7fff24a3f8bc
Value of m : 29
Now ab is assigned with the address of m.
Address of pointer ab : 0x7fff24a3f8bc
Content of pointer ab : 29
The value of m assigned to 34 now.
Address of pointer ab : 0x7fff24a3f8bc
Content of pointer ab : 34
The pointer variable ab is assigned the value 7 now.
Address of m : 0x7fff24a3f8bc
Value of m : 7

Exercise 10
1. Write a C program to demonstrate the use of & (address of)
and * (value at address operator).
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
//normal variable
int num = 100;
//pointer variable
int *ptr;
//pointer initialization
ptr = &num;
//printing the value
printf("value of num = %d\n", *ptr);
//printing the addresses
printf("Address of num: %x\n", &num);
printf("Address of ptr: %x\n", &ptr);
return 0;
}
Output
value of num = 100
Address of num: 9505c134
Address of ptr: 9505c138
2. Write a C program to add two numbers using pointers.
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int *ptr1, *ptr2;
int num;
printf("\nEnter two numbers : ");
scanf("%d %d", ptr1, ptr2);
num = *ptr1 + *ptr2;
printf("Sum = %d", num);
return (0);
}
Output:
Enter two numbers: 2 3
Sum = 5
Exercise 11:
1. Write a C program to add numbers using call by reference.
#include <stdio.h>
int addTwoNumbers(int *, int *);
int main()
{
int fno, sno, sum;
printf(" Input the first number : ");
scanf("%d", &fno);
printf(" Input the second number : ");
scanf("%d", &sno);
sum = addTwoNumbers(&fno, &sno);
printf(" The sum of %d and %d is %d\n\n", fno, sno, sum);
return 0;
}
int addTwoNumbers(int *n1, int *n2)
{
int sum;
sum = *n1 + *n2;
return sum;
}

Output:
Input the first number : 5
Input the second number : 6
The sum of 5 and 6 is 11
2. Write a C program to find the largest element using
dynamic memory allocation.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i, num;
float *data;
printf("How many elements u want to enter :: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
// Allocates the memory for 'num' elements.
data = (float*) calloc(num, sizeof(float));
if(data == NULL)
{
printf("\nError!!! memory not allocated.");
exit(0);
}
// Stores the number entered by the user.
for(i = 0; i < num; ++i)
{
printf("\nEnter Number %d :: ", i + 1);
scanf("%f", data + i);
}
// Loop to store largest number at address data
for(i = 1; i < num; ++i)
{
// Change < to > if you want to find the smallest number
if(*data < *(data + i))
*data = *(data + i);
}
printf("\nLargest element = %.2f\n", *data);
return 0;
}
Output
How many elements u want to enter :: 6
Enter Number 1 :: 3
Enter Number 2 :: 1
Enter Number 3 :: 5
Enter Number 4 :: 7
Enter Number 5 :: 3
Enter Number 6 :: 8
Largest element = 8.00
Excercise 12:
1. Write a C program to swap elements using call by reference.
#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int*, int*);
int main()
{
int x, y;
printf("Enter the value of x and y\n");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
printf("Before Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);
swap(&x, &y);
printf("After Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);
return 0;
}
void swap(int *a, int *b)
{
int temp;
temp = *b;
*b = *a;
*a = temp;
}

Output
Enter the value of x and y 10 20
Before Swapping
x =10
y = 20
After Swapping
x =20
y =10
2. Write a C program to count number of vowels and
consonants in a string using a pointer.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[100];
char *ptr;
int cntV,cntC;
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
//assign address of str to ptr
ptr=str;
cntV=cntC=0;
while(*ptr!='\0')
{
if(*ptr=='A' ||*ptr=='E' ||*ptr=='I' ||*ptr=='O' ||*ptr=='U'
||*ptr=='a' ||*ptr=='e' ||*ptr=='i' ||*ptr=='o' ||*ptr=='u')
cntV++;
else
cntC++;
//increase the pointer, to point next character
ptr++;
}
printf("Total number of VOWELS: %d, CONSONANT:
%d\n",cntV,cntC);
return 0;
}
Output
Enter a string: This is a test string
Total number of VOWELS: 5, CONSONANT: 16
Excercise 13:
1. Write a C program to show how a function returning
pointer.
#include<stdio.h>
int *return_pointer(int *, int); // this function returns a pointer of
int main()
{
int i, *ptr;
int arr[] = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55};
i = 4;
printf("Address of arr = %u\n", arr);
ptr = return_pointer(arr, i);
printf("\nAfter incrementing arr by 4 \n\n");
printf("Address of ptr = %u\n\n" , ptr);
printf("Value at %u is %d\n", ptr, *ptr);
return 0;
}
int *return_pointer(int *p, int n)
{
p = p + n;
return p;
}
Output:
Address of arr = 2686736
After incrementing arr by 4
Address of ptr = 2686752
Value at 2686752 is 55

2. Write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by

user. To perform this program allocate memory dynamically
using malloc function.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int num, i, *ptr, sum=0;
printf("Enter number of elements ");
scanf("%d",&num);
ptr= (int*) malloc (num*sizeof(int)); //memory allocated using
malloc()
printf("Enter elements :\n");
for(i=0;i<num;i++)
{
scanf("%d",ptr+i);
sum += *(ptr+i);
}
printf("Sum= %d",sum);
free(ptr);
return 0;
}

Output
Enter number of elements : 3
Enter elements :
10
20
30
Sum= 60
Excercise 14
1. Write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by
user. To perform this program allocate memory dynamically
using calloc function.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int num, i, *ptr, sum=0;
printf("Enter number of elements: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
ptr= (int*) calloc (num,sizeof(int)); //memory allocated using
malloc()
printf("Enter elements :\n");
for(i=0;i<num;i++)
{
scanf("%d",ptr+i);
sum += *(ptr+i);
}
printf("Sum= %d",sum);
free(ptr);
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter number of elements: 4
Enter elements :
1
20
3
5
Sum= 29
2. Write a C program to convert decimal to binary using
function.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
long decimalToBinary(int decimalnum)
{
long binarynum = 0;
int rem, temp = 1;
while (decimalnum!=0)
{
rem = decimalnum%2;
decimalnum = decimalnum / 2;
binarynum = binarynum + rem*temp;
temp = temp * 10;
}
return binarynum;
}
int main()
{
int decimalnum;
printf("Enter a Decimal Number: ");
scanf("%d", &decimalnum);
printf("Equivalent Binary Number is: %ld",
decimalToBinary(decimalnum));
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter a Decimal Number: 234
Equivalent Binary Number is: 11101010

Exercise 15:
1. Write a C program to check whether a number is prime
number or not using the function.
#include<stdio.h>
int PrimeOrNot(int);
int main()
{
int n1,prime;
printf(" Input a positive number : ");
scanf("%d",&n1);
prime = PrimeOrNot(n1);
if(prime==1)
printf(" The number %d is a prime number.\n",n1);
else
printf(" The number %d is not a prime number.\n",n1);
return 0;
}
int PrimeOrNot(int n1)
{
int i=2;
while(i<=n1/2)
{
if(n1%i==0)
return 0;
else
i++;
}
return 1;
}
Output
Input a positive number : 5
The number 5 is a prime number.
2. Write a C program to get the largest element of array using
function.
int find_largest(int [],int);
int main()
{
int arr[30],size,largest,i;
printf("Enter the size of the array maximum up to 30: ");
scanf("%d",&size);
printf("Enter the %d integer numbers: ",size);
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
largest = find_largest(arr,size);
printf("\nThe largest element is: %d\n",largest);
return 0;
}
int find_largest(int arr1[],int size1)
{
int temp_larg,i;
temp_larg=arr1[0];
for(i=1;i<size1;i++)
{
if(arr1[i]>temp_larg)
temp_larg=arr1[i];
}
return(temp_larg);
}

Output
Enter the size of the array maximum up to 30: 4
Enter the 4 integer numbers: 2 5 1 4
The largest element is: 5
Exercise 16:
1. Write a C program to append multiple lines at the end of a
text file.
Assume that the content of the file test.txt is :
test line 1
test line 2
test line 3
test line 4
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
FILE * fptr;
int i,n;
char str[100];
char fname[20];
char str1;
printf(" Input the file name to be opened : ");
scanf("%s",fname);
fptr = fopen(fname, "a");
printf(" Input the number of lines to be written : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf(" The lines are : \n");
for(i = 0; i < n+1;i++)
{
fgets(str, sizeof str, stdin);
fputs(str, fptr);
}
fclose (fptr);
//----- Read the file after appended -------
fptr = fopen (fname, "r");
printf("\n The content of the file %s is :\n",fname);
str1 = fgetc(fptr);
while (str1 != EOF)
{
printf ("%c", str1);
str1 = fgetc(fptr);
}
printf("\n\n");
fclose (fptr);
//------- End of reading ------------------
return 0;
}

Output:
Input the file name to be opened : test.txt
Input the number of lines to be written : 3
The lines are :
test line 5
test line 6
test line 7
The content of the file test.txt is :
test line 1
test line 2
test line 3
test line 4
test line 5
test line 6
test line 7
2. Write a C program to copy a file in another name.
Assume that the content of the file test.txt is :
test line 1
test line 2
test line 3
test line 4
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fptr1, *fptr2;
char ch, fname1[20], fname2[20];
printf(" Input the source file name : ");
scanf("%s",fname1);
fptr1=fopen(fname1, "r");
if(fptr1==NULL)
{
printf(" File does not found or error in opening.!!");
exit(1);
}
printf(" Input the new file name : ");
scanf("%s",fname2);
fptr2=fopen(fname2, "w");
if(fptr2==NULL)
{
printf(" File does not found or error in opening.!!");
fclose(fptr1);
exit(2);
}
while(1)
{
ch=fgetc(fptr1);
if(ch==EOF)
{
break;
}
else
{
fputc(ch, fptr2);
}
}
printf(" The file %s copied successfully in the file %s.
\n\n",fname1,fname2);
fclose(fptr1);
fclose(fptr2);
getchar();
}

Output:
Input the source file name : test.txt
Input the new file name : test1.txt
The file test.txt copied successfully in the file test1.txt.
3. Write a C program to remove a file from a disk.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int status;
char fname[20];
printf(" Input the name of file to delete : ");
scanf("%s",fname);
status=remove(fname);
if(status==0)
{
printf(" The file %s is deleted successfully..!!\n\n",fname);
}
else
{
printf(" Unable to delete file %s\n\n",fname);
}
}
Output:
Input the name of file to delete : test.txt
The file test.txt is deleted successfully..!!