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BDA - MongoDB

big data analytics

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59 views12 pages

BDA - MongoDB

big data analytics

Uploaded by

bibliophileonthesamepage
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MONGO DB

 Non – relational database (NoSQL).


 It does not utilize the usual rows and columns unlike relational databases.
 It’s a schema-less database unlike RDBMS.
 Stores data in the form of JSON documents.
Differences between MongoDB and Relational Databases :
 MongoDB is a non-relational, document oriented database. RDBMS is a relational database.
 It is suitable for hierarchical data storage unlike RDBMS.
 MongoDB is horizontally scalable i.e we can add more servers. RDBMS is vertically scalable i.e
increasing RAM.
 MongoDB is document-based whereas RDBMS is row-based.
 MongoDB is field-based whereas RDBMS is column-based.
 MongoDB supports JSON query language along with SQL. RDBMS only supports SQL query
language.
 MongoDB has a dynamic schema. RDBMS has a predefined schema.
 MongoDB is almost a 100 times faster than RDBMS.
 MongoDB does not support complex joins whereas RDBMS supports complex joins.

 A group of documents make a collection and a group of collections make a database.


1) mongosh – used to connect to a MongoDB database

2) show dbs – To show all the available databases

3) use – To change or create a new database


 In MongoDB, a database is not actually created until it gets content.
 So, the command ‘show dbs’ does not list the database.

4) Creating a collection :
 createCollection() method - db.createCollection(“students”)
 insert method
- db.students.insertOne(*object*)
- creates a collection ‘students’ if it doesn’t exist and inserts the object.
5) Inserting documents :
 Inserting one document – db.students.insertOne({*object*})
 Inserting multiple documents – db.students.insertMany( [{*object*}, {*object*},{ }…] )

6) Displaying records :
 Syntax - db.students.find({*query*}, {*projection*})
- Query parameter :
 Used to filter data
- Projection parameter :
 Used to describe the fields to be included/returned.
 If left empty, all fields are included.
 Use ‘true’ to include a field and ‘false’ to exclude a field.
 Displaying all records – db.students.find()
 Displaying one record :
- db.students.findOne( { }, { } )
- If left empty, it returns the first document.

Inserting one document


Inserting multiple documents

Retrieving the name and cgpa of a student with a cgpa of 7.5

 The _id field is a default and is unique for every object.


 _id can be ignored by setting _id : false in the projection parameter.
 We cannot specify both true and false in the same object. The _id field is an
exception.
Retrieving records of students with an age of 19

7) Updating documents :
 Syntax – db.students.updateOne({*filter*}, {*update*}) OR
db.students.updateMany({ }, { })
- Filter parameter :
 Used to describe/filter out the documents to be updated.
- Update parameter :
 Used to define the updation.
 Updating one document :
- db.students.updateOne( { }, { } )
- updates the first document that is found matching the query.
 Updating multiple documents :
- db.students.updateMany( { }, { } )
 Updation methods :
- $set - to set a value to a field
- $unset – to remove a field
- $inc – to increment a field
- $rename – to rename a field
Updating the cgpa of john to be 9

 If a field doesn’t exist, the $set operator creates the field.

Creating an ‘internship’ field to all records and setting it to ‘no’


Incrementing the cgpa of max by 2

Removing the ‘internship’ field from all records


 upsert :
- Used to insert a document if not found.
- Syntax – db.students.updateOne( { }, {$set : { } }, {upsert : true})

Updating mike’s document but if not found, then inserting it


8) Deleting documents :
 Deleting one document – db.students.deleteOne( { *query*} )
 Deleting multiple documents – db.students.deleteMany( { *query*} )

Deleting a single record wherein the students’ cgpa is 9.5

Deleting all records of students of age 19

9) Deleting the database – db.dropDatabase()


MongoDB aggregations :
 Aggregation operations allow us to group, sort, limit, perform calculations, and much more.
 Aggregation pipelines have one or more stages.
 Each stage acts upon the result obtained from the previous stage. Hence, the order of the
stages are important.

1) $group :
- This stage groups documents by the unique _id parameter.
- Syntax – db.students.aggregate( [ {$group { _id : “ “ } } ] )
- NOTE : this _id is different from the unique ObjectId provided to each object.

Consider these to be the records in the students collection :

Returning the distinct values from the ‘age’ field


2) $limit :
- This stage limits the number of documents passed onto the next stage.

Returning 1 student record from the collection


3) $sort :
- This stage sorts all the documents in the specified order.
- Sort order is defined using either 1 or -1.
- 1 indicates ascending order and -1 indicates descending order.

Returning records of students in descending order of cgpa

4) $project :
- This stage passes only the specified fields onto the next stage.
- Similar to the projection parameter used with the find() method.
Returning only the name, age and cgpa of all students
5) $count :
- This stage counts the number of documents passed on by the previous stage.

Stages in the above :


- 1st stage : sorts the records in order of descending cgpa.
- 2nd stage : takes 1 record (the first record) out of all i.e the student with the highest
cgpa.
- 3rd stage : returns the number of records as a new field called ‘topper’. Here, it’s 1.

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