Key Notes

SUBJECT: ECONOMICS GRADE 10

Chapter:1- DEVELOPMENT

1. What is Development? Mention any three aspects of development.

Development is a situation which can fulfill the aspirations or desires of people. It is a progress or
improvement in the lives of the people.
a) Different people have different developmental goals.
b) Development for one may not be development for the other,
it can be destructive also.
c) For development, people look at mix of goals.
2. ‘What may be the development of one may be the destruction for the other.’ Explain the
statement with appropriate examples.
People have different development goals. They seek what is more important for them and fulfill
their aspirations and desires. Example: Establishment of dams leads to the infrastructural
development of a country and leads to generation of electricity. But at the same time, it may lead
to a large-scale displacement of the people, loss of livelihood, shelter etc. of the people living close
to the construction site of the dam. Hence construction of dam may be development of some and
destructive for others.
3. Describe any three development goals of landless rural labourers.
The development goals of landless rural labourers are:
a) More days of work and better wages.
b) To have accessibility of local school which will provide quality education for their children.
c) The landless rural labourers should not go through any social discrimination.
4. ‘Money cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.’ Elucidate.
Money cannot buy all the goods and services that we need.
a) Money cannot buy a pollution free environment.
b) Money cannot ensure that you get unadulterated medicine.
c) Money cannot protect from infectious diseases.
5. Explain sustainable development. Suggest two measures to ensure sustainable development.
Sustainable development refers to the development without polluting the environment and the
development of present should not compromise the needs of the future generation.
Two measures to ensure sustainable development are:
o Use of alternative sources of resources in place of the conventional ones.
o Efficient use of existing resource by minimizing over usage.
6. ‘We have not inherited the world from our forefathers- we have borrowed it from our children’
Justify.
We have not inherited the world from our forefathers but have borrowed it from our children. So, we
need to use our resources judiciously.
Ground water is under serious threat of overuse in many parts of the country. Due to excessive usage
of ground water, the water level has depleted in regions of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar
Pradesh. Though ground water is a renewable resource, but if it is overused, the resources will be
depleted. So proper utilization of resources is needed for sustainable development.
7. Apart from income, which other things people look for as important aspects of our lives?
a) Equal treatment
b) Freedom
c) Security
d) Respect
8. What is the main criteria used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are
the limitations of this criteria, if any? In what respects is the criteria used by UNDP different
from the one used by the World Bank.
o The main criteria followed by the World to compare countries is the Per Capita Income also
known as the Average income. Average income or per capita income gives some idea about the
standard of living of the people.
o The limitation of this criteria is that it does not give us any idea about how income is
distributed among the people.
o UNDP takes into consideration Per Capita Income, health and education to compare countries.
9. Define the following:
a) Infant Mortality Rate: Total number of children who die before attaining the age of 1 year as
proportion of 1000 live children born in the particular year.
b) Literacy Rate: It measures the proportion of literate population in the age group of 7 years and
above.
c) Net Attendance Ratio: Total number of children in the age group of 14 &15 years attending
school.
d) Human Development report: It is a report published by the UNDP which compares countries
based on the Education, Health Status and Per-capita Income.

10. State the measures to promote Sustainable Development.

a) Increased use of renewable resources: For sustainable development, we must support the
usage of renewable resources such as solar, wind, geothermal, tidal and biomass energy
sources.
b) Less use of fossil fuels: Fossil fuels take a lot of time to be formed. These fossil fuels
contribute tremendously to environmental pollution.
c) Introduction of organic farming: Organic Farming contributes largely in creating a better
quality of soil and combating erosion.
d) Adopting measures to reduce global warming: In our everyday life, we should contribute
towards building a better environment.
e) The present resources must be used judiciously, with planning, and over-exploitation should be
avoided.
11. Which indicators are taken into consideration for measuring Human Development Index (HDI)?
a) Per Capita Income
b) Life expectancy
c) Gross enrollment ratio
12. Kerala with lower per capita has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence per
capita income is not a useful criterion at all and not be used to compare states. Do you agree?
Discuss.
No, I do not agree with the statement. Per capita income is an important criterion to compare states.
But factors like Infant Mortality Rate and Net Attendance Ratio also plays a very crucial role in the
overall human development. So, when the above factors are taken into consideration, Kerala has a
better Human Development Index than Punjab, in-spite of having lower Per Capita Income.

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