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Lecture 7

7

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Sreekanth Puthur
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29 views

Lecture 7

7

Uploaded by

Sreekanth Puthur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Duhok

College of Engineering
ECE Department
(DC Machine)
Prepared by
Mr. Taha Abdal
https://uod-ece.blogspot.com
1
Lecture-7-
2
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Total Loss in a D.C. Generator
 The various losses occurring in a
generator can be sub-divided as follows:
1- Copper loss
A- Armature Cu loss
B- Shunt Cu loss
C- Series Cu loss
2- Iron loss
A- Hysteresis
B- Eddy current
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3- Mechanical loss
A- Friction, where friction loss at bearings
and commutator.
B- Windage, air-friction or windage loss of
rotating armature.

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Ex(1): A 10 kW, 250 V d.c., 6-pole shunt
generator runs at 1000 rpm when delivering
full-load. The armature has 534 lap-connected
conductors. Full-load Cu loss is 0.64 kW. The
total brush drop is 1 volt. Determine the flux
per pole. Neglect shunt current.
Solution:
Since shunt current is negligible, there is no shunt Cu loss. The
copper loss occurs in armature only.
10000
I = 𝐼𝑎 = = 40 A.
250
𝐼𝑎2 𝑅𝑎 = Arm. Cu loss or 402 𝑅𝑎 = 0.64 * 103
𝑅𝑎 = 0.4 Ω.
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Voltage drop across armature = 0.4*40 = 16 V.
Brush drop = 2*1 = 2 V.
Generated emf = 250 + 16 + 1 = 267 V.
Now,
𝜑∗𝑍∗𝑁∗𝑃
𝐸𝑔 =
60∗𝐴
𝜑∗534∗1000∗6
∴ 267 =
60∗6
𝜑 = 0.03 Wb.

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Ex(2): A long shunt dynamo running at 1000 rpm
supplies 20 kW at a terminal voltage of 220 V. The
resistance of armature, shunt field and series field
are 0.04, 110 and 0.05 Ω respectively. Overall
efficiency at the above load is 85 % find:
i) Copper loss
ii) Iron and friction loss
iii) Torque developed by the prime mover.
Solution:
20000
IL = = 90.91 A.
220
220
𝐼𝑠ℎ or 𝐼𝑓 = = 2 A.
110
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Armature current 𝐼𝑎 = 92.91 A.
20000
Input power = = 23529 Watts
0.85
Total losses in the machine = input – output = 23529 – 20000= 3529
Watts
i) Copper losses:
Power loss in series field winding + armature winding = 92.912 * 0.09 =
777 watts
Power loss in shunt field winding = 22 * 110 = 440 watts
Total copper losses = 777 + 440 = 1217 watts
ii) Iron and friction losses = total losses – copper losses
=3529 – 1217 = 2312 watts
iii) Let T = torque developed by the prime mover at 1000 rpm angular
2∗𝜋∗1000
speed 𝜔 = = 104.7 rad./sec
60
23529
∴T= = 224.7 Nw-m.
104.7
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Ex(3): A shunt generator has a F.L.
current of 196 A at 220 V. The stray
losses are 720 W and the shunt field
coil resistance is 55 Ω, if it has a F.L.
efficiency of 88%, find the armature
resistance. Also, find the load current
corresponding to maximum efficiency.

(Ans: 0.107 Ω, 122.28 A)


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Ex(4): A long-shunt dynamo running at 1000
r.p.m. supplies 22 kW at a terminal voltage of
220 V. The resistances of armature, shunt field
and series field are 0.05,110 and 0.06 Ω
respectively. The overall efficiency at the
above load is 88% find:
a) Cu losses
b) iron and friction losses
c) the torque exerted by the prime mover

(Ans: 1584.5 W, 1415.5 W, 238.74 N-m)


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Ex(5): A long-shunt compound wound
generator gives 240 volts at .F.L. output
of 100 A. The resistances of various
windings of the machine are : armature
(including brush contact) 0.1 Ω, series
field 0.02 Ω, inter-pole field 0.025 Ω and
shunt field 100 Ω. The iron loss at F.L. is
1000 W, windage and friction losses total
500 W. Calculate F.L. efficiency of the
machine.

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Solution:
Output = 240 * 100 = 24,000 W
Total armature resistance = 0.1 + 0.02 + 0.025
= 0.145 Ω
240
𝐼𝑠ℎ = = 2.4 A. , 𝐼𝑎 = 100 + 2.4 = 102.4 A
100
∴ Armature Cu loss = 102.42 * 0.145 = 1520 W
Shunt field Cu loss = 2.4 * 240 = 576 W
Iron loss = 1000 W, friction loss = 500 W
Total loss = 1500 + 1520 + 576 = 3596 W
24000
𝜂= = 0.86 = 86 %
24000+3596
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