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Linux Notes 1

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51 views11 pages

Linux Notes 1

Uploaded by

sai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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==========================

Working with Linux Commands


==========================

whoami : To print logged in username

date : to print today's date

cal : to display calender

pwd : to display present working directory

ls : To list files and directories ( -ltr


options we can use)

$ ls -l (To display present


working directory content)

$ ls -l <dirname> (To
display given directory content)

mkdir : To create a new directory

$ mkdir <dirname>

rmdir : To remove empty directory

$ rmdir <dirname>
touch : To create empty file

$ touch linux.txt aws.txt


devops.txt

rm : To remove file

$ rm <filename> (it will


delete given file)

$ rm -r <dirname> (to
delete non-empty directories)

cat : Create file with data + Print file


data + Append data to existing file

$ cat > f1.txt


(create new file with data)

$ cat f1.txt (print


file data)

$ cat >> f1.txt


(append data to existing file)

$ cat f1.txt f2.txt >


f3.txt (To copy multiple files data into
single file)

cp : To copy one file data to another file

$ cp f1.txt f2.txt

cd : To change directory

$ cd <dirname>
(Going into that directory)

$ cd .. (come out
from directory)

wc : Word count

$ wc f1.txt

Note : It will give no.of lines, no.of words


and no.of characters of given file data.

tac : It is reverse of cat. (tac will print


file data from bottom to top)
$ tac f1.txt

head : To get file data from top

$ head <filename> (
It will print first 10 lines of data )

$ head -n 15
<filename> (it will print first 15 lines of
data)

tail : To get file data from bottom

$ tail <filename> (it


will print last 10 lines data)

$ tail -n 20 (it will


print last lines of data)

diff : To find differents between two files

$ diff f1.txt f2.txt

grep : Global Regular expression Print ( it


is used for file search )

$ grep 'devops' *
(It will search for devops keyword in all
files in the pwd)

$ grep -i 'devops' *
(It will search for devops keyword in all
files - case insensitive)

$ grep -i 'devops'
data.txt ( To search for data in given file )

============================
Working with text editors ( VI )
===========================

vi : Visual Editor

$ vi <filename> ==> It will


open the file

=> press 'i' to enter into insert mode

=> press 'Esc' to come out from insert mode

=> press :wq to save and quit the file


=> press :q! to close the file without saving
changes

===============
SED command
===============

=> SED standas for Stream Editor

=> This is command is used for substitution


(replacement)

=> Using SED command we can perform


operations on the file without opening it.

$ sed 's/Linux/Unix/' data.txt (It will


replace Linux with Unix and it will print on
console, it won't modify original file data)

$ sed -i 's/Linux/Unix/' (it will replace


Linux with Unix in original file)

$ sed -i '12d' data.txt (it will delete


12th line in original file)
=============
man command
=============

=> man command is used to get information


about given command (documentation)

$ man ls

$ man clear

$ man head

========================
User Management in Linux
=======================

=> Linux is multi user based Operating System

=> In one linux machine we can create


multiple user accounts

=> Mulitple users can connect with single


linux machine at a time and they can perform
Multi Tasking.
Note: In every linux machine by default one
'root' account will be avilable (super
account)

=> When we launch Linux VM using Amazon Linux


then we will get 'ec2-user' account by
default.

# To get user account infor we will use below


command

$ id <username>

Note: For every user one home directory will


be available in linux

ec2-user : /home/ec2-user

ashok : /home/ashok

john : /home/john

smith : /home/smith

root : /root
#Swtich to root user account

$ sudo su (it will switch to root account)

$ sudo su - (it will switch to root account


& will point to root user home directory)

$ exit (to exit from user account)

=========================
Create new users & Groups
=========================

# Switch to root user


$ sudo su -

# Add new user


$ sudo useradd <username>

# Set password for user


$ sudo passwd <username>

# Display users created


$ cat /etc/passwd
# Switch User account
$ su <username>

# delete user
$ sudo userdel <username>

# Delete user along with user home directory


$ sudo userdel <username> --remove

# Display all groups available


$ cat /etc/group

Note: When we create new user then user +


user group will be created.

# Create new Group


$ sudo groupadd <groupName>

# Adding user to group


$ sudo usermod -aG <group-name> <user-name>

# Remove user from the group


$ sudo gpasswd -d <username> <group-name>

# Display users belongs to group


$ sudo lid -g <group-name>
# display user belongs to how many groups
$ id <username>

# Delete Group
$ sudo groupdel <group-name>

# How to change username


$ usermod -l <login-name> <old-name>

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