GROUP 10

“ELLIPTICAL SENTENCE (CONTINUED)”

Prepare to fulfil one of English course assignments

Supporting Lecturer : Ridhani Fizi, M. Pd

Compiled by :

Muhammad Nazhar 24.15.0497

Muhammad Hasyimi 24.15.0478

SHARIA ECONOMICS STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSSINESS
DARUSSALAM MARTAPURA INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC
RELIGION
2024
PREFACE

First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, so we finished
writing the paper entitled “Elliptical Sentence (Continued)” right in the calculated
time. The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfil the assignment that given by Mr.
Ridhani Fizi, M. Pd as lecturer in English Lesson major.
In arranging this paper, we trully get lots challenges and obstructions but
with help of many individuals, those obstructions could passed. Writer also realized
there are still many mistakes in process of writing this paper.
Because of that, we says thank you to all individuals who helps in the
process of writing this paper, hopefully Allah replies all helps and bless you all. We
realized that this paper still imperfect in arrangement and the content. Then we hope
the criticism from the readers can help the writer in perfecting the next paper. Last,
but not the least hopefully, this paper can helps the readers to gain more knowledge
about English Lesson major.

Martapura, 14 November 2024

GROUP 10

1
LIST OF CONTENTS

PREFACE…………................................................................................................1
LIST OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................2

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background….................................................................................................... 3
B. Problem Formulation......................................................................................... 3
C. Purpose.............................................................................................................. 4

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Elliptical Sentences: Focus on "And Neither" .................................................. 5
B. Understanding Elliptical Sentences with "Either...or" ...................................... 7
C. Understanding Elliptical Sentences with "Neither...nor" .................................. 9
D. Understanding Elliptical Sentences with "Both...and" ................................... 11
E. Understanding Elliptical Sentences with "Reading" ....................................... 12

CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion.....................................................................................................15
B. Recommendation...........................................................................................15

REFERENCE………............................................................................................16

2
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Elliptical sentences are a key feature of English grammar, used to enhance
clarity and conciseness by omitting elements that can be inferred from the context.
This grammatical structure is especially valuable in both written and spoken
communication, as it reduces redundancy while maintaining meaning.
Key elliptical constructions include:
1) "And Neither": Links two negative clauses without repeating the verb,
streamlining communication and emphasizing shared negation.
2) "Either...or": Presents alternatives or choices, allowing for more concise
sentences by omitting repeated elements.
3) "Neither...nor": Expresses negation across multiple items, eliminating
redundancy and strengthening the negative emphasis.
4) "Both...and": Highlights the inclusion of two elements or actions,
improving sentence flow and reducing repetition.
5) "Reading": Used in elliptical sentences to avoid repeating verbs or objects
related to reading activities, making the sentence more concise.
Despite their advantages, many English learners struggle with when and how
to use these constructions effectively. Understanding how to apply these elliptical
structures properly can significantly improve communication, making it clearer,
more efficient, and stylistically sophisticated. Therefore, this study aims to explore
how these constructions contribute to effective English communication.
B. Problem Formulation
1. How does the construction "and neither" affect clarity in communication?
2. What are the implications of using "either...or" in elliptical sentences?
3. How does the "neither...nor" structure impact negation in sentences?
4. What role does the "both...and" construction play in affirming multiple
subjects or actions?
5. How "reading" functions within elliptical sentences?

3
C. Purpose
1. To analyze how the construction "and neither" affects clarity in
communication.
2. To explain the implications of using "either...or" in elliptical sentences,
including how the omission or modification of elements affects the
sentence structure or meaning.
3. To analyze how the "neither...nor" structure contributes to negation in
sentences.
4. To evaluate the role of the "both...and" construction in affirming multiple
subjects or actions within a sentence.
5. To illustrate how "reading" functions within elliptical sentences.

4
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Elliptical Sentences: Focus on "And Neither"

Elliptical sentences are a fascinating aspect of English grammar that allow for
brevity and clarity by omitting certain words or phrases that can be inferred from
context. One particularly useful elliptical construction is the phrase "and neither,"
which connects two negative clauses without repeating the verb or other elements.
Understanding how to use "and neither" effectively can enhance both spoken and
written communication, making it more fluid and engaging.
An elliptical sentence occurs when a part of the sentence is left out because it
is understood from the context. This omission can involve various grammatical
elements, including verbs, nouns, or entire phrases. The primary goal of using
elliptical constructions is to avoid redundancy while maintaining clarity.
The Role of "And Neither"
The phrase "and neither" is specifically used to link two negative statements,
indicating that the same negative action or quality applies to both subjects. This
construction not only streamlines communication but also emphasizes the shared
condition between the subjects involved.
Example Breakdown
Consider the following example:
-Full Sentence: "Jessica does not enjoy playing tennis, and Sarah does not
enjoy playing tennis either."
-Elliptical Form: "Jessica does not enjoy playing tennis, and neither does
Sarah."
In this elliptical form, the verb phrase "enjoy playing tennis" is omitted in the
second clause. The reader understands that Sarah shares the same sentiment as

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Jessica without needing to repeat the entire phrase. This makes the sentence more
concise and fluid.1
Importance of Using "And Neither"
1. Conciseness: One of the primary advantages of using elliptical sentences with
"and neither" is that they reduce wordiness. In many cases, lengthy sentences
can lead to confusion or disengagement from the reader. By employing this
structure, writers can convey their messages more efficiently.
2. Clarity: Despite omitting certain words, elliptical sentences maintain clarity.
The context provides enough information for readers to infer what has been
left unsaid. For example, in a conversation about preferences, saying "I don’t
like chocolate, and neither do you" clearly communicates that both speakers
share this dislike without unnecessary repetition.
3. Stylistic Elegance: Using elliptical constructions can add sophistication to
writing. It demonstrates an understanding of grammatical nuances and allows
for a more polished expression of ideas. This stylistic choice can elevate both
formal and informal writing.
4. Emphasis on Shared Experience: The use of "and neither" can also emphasize
commonality between subjects. It highlights that two or more individuals share
a similar perspective or experience, reinforcing unity in their sentiments.
Additional Examples
To further illustrate the usage of "and neither," consider these additional examples:
- Example 1:
- Full Sentence: "Tom doesn’t want to go to the party, and Lisa doesn’t want
to go to the party either."
- Elliptical Form: "Tom doesn’t want to go to the party, and neither does
Lisa."

1
Burns, M, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation, (New York: Jossey-Bass, 2011),
138.

6
- Example 2:
- Full Sentence: "The students did not understand the assignment, and their
teacher did not understand it either."
- Elliptical Form: "The students did not understand the assignment, and
neither did their teacher."2
In each case, the elliptical form conveys the same meaning while eliminating
redundancy. Understanding how to construct elliptical sentences using "and
neither" is an essential skill in effective communication. This grammatical
structure allows speakers and writers to express ideas succinctly while ensuring
clarity and maintaining a sophisticated style. By practicing this form, individuals
can enhance their language skills and create more engaging content.

B. Understanding Elliptical Sentences with "Either...or"

Elliptical sentences are a fascinating aspect of English grammar that allow
speakers and writers to convey meaning more efficiently by omitting elements that
are understood from the context. One common construction that utilizes this
elliptical form is "either...or." This structure is particularly useful in expressing
choices or alternatives without redundancy.3
The Structure of "Either...or"
The phrase "either...or" is used to present two options or alternatives. In its
elliptical form, it allows for the omission of repeated elements, which can make
sentences more concise and fluid. For example, consider the following sentences:
1. "You can have tea."
2. "You can have coffee."

2
Burns, M, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation, (New York: Jossey-Bass, 2011),
138.
Verbal Planet, "English Grammar: Using Neither/Nor and Either/Or Correctly" dalam
3

https://www.verbalplanet.com/learn-english/blog/correct-use-of-neither-nor-either-or-in-
english.asp, diakses pada 14 November 2024.

7
Instead of repeating the verb phrase, one can say, "You can have either tea
or coffee." This construction effectively communicates the same idea while
eliminating unnecessary repetition.
Examples of Elliptical Sentences
To illustrate how "either...or" functions in elliptical sentences, let's look at
a few examples:
1. Full Sentences:
- "I will go to the park, or I will stay home."
- "She can either study for her exam, or she can watch TV."
2. Elliptical Form:
- "I will either go to the park or stay home."
- "She can either study for her exam or watch TV."
In these examples, the elliptical form streamlines the sentences by
removing the repeated subject and verb in the second clause.4
Contextual Use
The elliptical construction is particularly effective in informal speech and
writing, where brevity is often desired. It allows speakers to maintain a
conversational tone while still conveying clear choices. For instance, in a casual
conversation, one might say:
- "Are you going to the party, or are you going to stay home?"
- This could be shortened to: "Are you going to either the party or staying home?"
Grammatical Considerations
When using "either...or," it is essential to ensure that the grammatical
structure remains intact. The verb must agree with the subject in both clauses. For
example:
- Correct: "Either he will go to the concert or he will stay home."
- Correct (elliptical): "Either he will go to the concert or stay home."
However, if the subject changes between options, it may require a slight
adjustment:

4
Azhar, A., Elliptical Construction in English, (Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas, 2020), 78.

8
- Incorrect: "Either he goes to the concert or stays home."
- Correct: "Either he goes to the concert or he stays home."
In summary, elliptical sentences using "either...or" serve as an effective way
to express alternatives without unnecessary repetition. This construction not only
enhances clarity but also contributes to a more fluid and engaging communication
style. Understanding how to use this structure correctly can significantly improve
both spoken and written English.5

C. Understanding Elliptical Sentences with "Neither...nor"

Elliptical sentences using "neither...nor" are an essential part of English
grammar that allow for concise expression of negation across multiple elements.
This construction is particularly useful when denying two or more options
simultaneously, effectively streamlining communication and enhancing clarity.6
The Structure of "Neither...nor"
The phrase "neither...nor" is employed to indicate that none of the presented
options are true or applicable. For example, in the sentence "Neither the blue shirt
nor the red shirt fits me," it is clear that both shirts do not fit. This construction
emphasizes the exclusion of both choices, which can convey a stronger sense of
negation compared to simply stating that one option is not valid.7
Examples of Elliptical Sentences
To illustrate how "neither...nor" functions in elliptical sentences, consider
the following examples:
1. Full Sentences:
- "I do not like apples, and I do not like oranges."
- "She will neither attend the meeting, nor will she participate in the discussion."
2. Elliptical Form:
- "I like neither apples nor oranges."

5
Azhar, A., Elliptical Construction in English, (Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas, 2020), 78.
6
Natalia Avonina, "EITHER OR vs NEITHER NOR" dalam https://promova.com/english-
grammar/either-or-vs-neither-nor, diakses pada 14 November 2024.
7
EF Blog, “Penggunaan Neither...Nor dalam Bahasa Inggris” dalam
https://www.ef.co.id/englishfirst/kids/blog/penggunaan-neither-nor-dalam-bahasa-inggris/, diakses
pada 14 November 2024.

9
- "She will neither attend the meeting nor participate in the discussion."
In these examples, the elliptical form removes redundant phrases while
retaining the original meaning. The structure is streamlined, making it easier for
readers and listeners to grasp the intended message.
Grammatical Considerations
When using "neither...nor," it is crucial to maintain parallel structure. This
means that the grammatical forms following "neither" and "nor" should match. For
instance:
- Correct: "Neither my brother nor my sister is coming to the party."
- Incorrect: "Neither my brother nor my sister are coming to the party."
Additionally, when dealing with compound subjects, the verb must agree
with the subject closest to it. For example:
- "Neither the manager nor the employees are responsible."
- Here, "are" agrees with "employees," which is plural.
Contextual Use
The use of "neither...nor" is prevalent in both formal and informal contexts.
In written communication, it can add variety and depth to sentence structures,
preventing monotony. For example:
- "Neither rain nor snow will stop us from completing our journey."
This sentence illustrates a strong commitment by negating both potential obstacles.
In summary, elliptical sentences utilizing "neither...nor" provide an
effective means of expressing negation across multiple elements without
unnecessary repetition. This construction enhances clarity and efficiency in
communication while adhering to grammatical rules regarding parallelism and
subject-verb agreement. Mastering this structure can significantly improve both
spoken and written English.8

8
Azhar, A., Elliptical Construction in English, (Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas, 2020), 89.

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D. Understanding Elliptical Sentences with "Both...and"
Elliptical sentences using "both...and" are an important grammatical structure
in English that allows for efficient communication by omitting repeated elements.
This construction is particularly useful when emphasizing the inclusion of two
items or ideas, thereby enhancing clarity and conciseness in both spoken and
written language.
The Structure of "Both...and"
The phrase "both...and" is used to indicate that two elements share a
common characteristic or action. For instance, in the sentence "Both John and Mary
attended the meeting," the phrase emphasizes that both individuals participated.
When employing an elliptical structure, it becomes possible to streamline
sentences by omitting redundant components.
For example, instead of saying, "Both John attended the meeting and Mary
attended the meeting," one can simply say, "Both John and Mary attended the
meeting." This not only reduces repetition but also improves the flow of
information.9
Examples of Elliptical Sentences
To further illustrate how "both...and" functions in elliptical sentences,
consider the following examples:
1. Full Sentences:
- "I enjoy reading books, and I enjoy watching movies."
- "Both the teacher praised the students, and the principal praised the students."
2. Elliptical Form:
- "I enjoy both reading books and watching movies."
- "Both the teacher and principal praised the students."
In these examples, the elliptical form effectively eliminates redundancy
while preserving meaning. The structure becomes more streamlined, making it
easier for readers or listeners to understand.

9
Azhar, A., Elliptical Construction in English, (Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas, 2020), 102.

11
Grammatical Considerations
When using "both...and," it is essential to maintain parallel structure. This
means that the grammatical forms following "both" and "and" should match. For
example:
- Correct: "Both my brother and my sister are going to the concert."
- Incorrect: "Both my brother and sister is going to the concert."
Additionally, when dealing with compound subjects or objects, ensure that
verbs agree with the plural subject:
- Correct: "Both apples and oranges are available."
- Incorrect: "Both apples and oranges is available."
Contextual Use
The use of "both...and" is prevalent in various contexts, from formal writing
to everyday conversation. It serves not only to emphasize inclusion but also to
create a rhythm in speech that can enhance engagement. For instance:
- "Both the sun and moon play crucial roles in our understanding of time."
This sentence highlights how both celestial bodies contribute significantly to a
common concept.10
In summary, elliptical sentences utilizing "both...and" provide an effective
means of expressing inclusion without unnecessary repetition. This construction
enhances clarity and efficiency in communication while adhering to grammatical
rules regarding parallelism and subject-verb agreement. Mastering this structure
can significantly improve both spoken and written English.

E. Understanding Elliptical Sentences with "Reading"

Elliptical sentences are a significant feature of English grammar that enhance
clarity and conciseness by omitting elements that can be inferred from context. One
common structure that utilizes this form is the use of "reading," which can appear
in various elliptical constructions to express ideas succinctly.

10
Azhar, A., Elliptical Construction in English, (Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas, 2020), 102.

12
The Structure of "Reading"
In the context of elliptical sentences, "reading" often refers to the act of
engaging with written material, whether for pleasure, education, or information.
When expressing preferences or habits related to reading, one can use elliptical
forms to avoid redundancy. For example, instead of saying, "I enjoy reading novels,
and I enjoy reading poetry," one can succinctly state, "I enjoy both reading novels
and poetry." This construction effectively conveys the same meaning while
eliminating repetitive phrases.
Examples of Elliptical Sentences
To illustrate how "reading" functions within elliptical sentences, consider
the following examples:
1. Full Sentences:
- "I love reading fiction, and I love reading non-fiction."
- "She enjoys reading books, and she enjoys reading articles."
2. Elliptical Form:
- "I love both reading fiction and non-fiction."
- "She enjoys both reading books and articles."
In these examples, the elliptical form streamlines the sentences by
removing the repeated subject and verb in the second clause. This not only makes
the sentences more concise but also enhances their readability.
Grammatical Considerations
When using elliptical structures with "reading," it is crucial to maintain
parallelism in the elements being compared or listed. The grammatical forms
following "both" and "and" should match to ensure clarity:
- Correct: "Both reading novels and writing stories are my passions."
- Incorrect: "Both reading novels and to write stories are my passions."
Additionally, ensuring that verbs agree with their subjects is essential for
grammatical accuracy:
- Correct: "Both my sister and I enjoy reading."
- Incorrect: "Both my sister and I enjoys reading."

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Contextual Use
The use of elliptical sentences with "reading" is prevalent in both formal
and informal contexts. In academic writing, for instance, one might say:
- "Reading enhances comprehension skills; it also fosters critical thinking."
This sentence highlights how both activities are beneficial without unnecessary
repetition.11
In summary, elliptical sentences involving "reading" provide an effective
means of expressing preferences or actions without redundant phrasing. This
construction not only improves clarity but also contributes to a more engaging
communication style. Mastering this structure can significantly enhance both
spoken and written English.

11
Azhar, A., Elliptical Construction in English, (Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas, 2020), 56.

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CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
Elliptical sentences are a valuable feature of English grammar, offering both
clarity and conciseness by omitting repeated elements. By using constructions like
"and neither," "either...or," "neither...nor," "both...and," and "reading," speakers
and writers can streamline their communication while maintaining meaning. These
structures not only improve the efficiency of language but also enhance the fluidity
and sophistication of both spoken and written English. Mastering elliptical
sentences allows for clearer expression, reduces redundancy, and contributes to
more engaging and polished communication.

B. Recommendation
1) Practice Usage: It is important for learners of English to practice
constructing elliptical sentences in both written and spoken forms to
enhance clarity and fluency.
2) Focus on Context: Pay attention to context when using elliptical
structures, ensuring that the omitted elements are easily inferred by the
audience to maintain coherence.
3) Grammar Awareness: Always maintain parallel structure and subject-verb
agreement in elliptical constructions to avoid grammatical errors and
ensure clarity.
4) Incorporate into Writing: Writers should incorporate elliptical sentences
to make their content more concise and engaging, particularly in formal
and academic writing.

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REFERENCE

Avonina, Natalia. "EITHER OR vs NEITHER NOR" dalam

https://promova.com/english-grammar/either-or-vs-neither-nor, diakses pada
14 November 2024.
Azhar, A.. Elliptical Construction in English. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas, 2020.
Burns, M. The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation. New York: Jossey-Bass,
2011.
EF Blog, “Penggunaan Neither...Nor dalam Bahasa Inggris” dalam
https://www.ef.co.id/englishfirst/kids/blog/penggunaan-neither-nor-dalam-
bahasa-inggris/, diakses pada 14 November 2024.
Verbal Planet, "English Grammar: Using Neither/Nor and Either/Or Correctly"
dalam https://www.verbalplanet.com/learn-english/blog/correct-use-of-
neither-nor-either-or-in-english.asp, diakses pada 14 November 2024.

16