PROJECT

PRESENTATION
Presented by: Larana Group
GROUP MEMBER

IAN ANGELO CARL ANGEL JODEL JOHN DENVER

MILITANTE LOPEZ MACINAS BINAMIRA
Emic & Etic View of Culture &
Levels of Cultural Organization
•Culture is the collective way of life of groups of people,
including their knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, values, and
customs.
•Studying culture helps us understand its origins and the
variations in human behavior across regions, highlighting the
importance of embracing and understanding cultural
differences as they can impact the world.
EMIC AND ETIC PERSPECTIVES
EMIC ETIC

-Also known as the insider's

-Also known as the
perspective, this approach
outsider's perspective, this
focuses on the culture from
approach uses universal
within, emphasizing the categories and concepts to
subjective experiences and study a culture objectively.
values of its members.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
-refers to a system of shared assumptions, values, and
beliefs. that show an individual what is appropriate and
inappropriate behavior.
-The term organizational culture was made popular in the 1980s
when Peters and Waterman’s best-selling book In Search of
Excellence made the argument that company success could be
attributed to an organizational culture that was decisive,
customer oriented, empowering, and people oriented.
According to Edgar Schein’s model of organizational culture where the basic
assumptions shape values and the values shape practices and behavior, is the visible part
of culture. Organizations do not adopt a culture in a single day and in fact learn from past
experiences and start practicing it every day thus forming the culture of the workplace.
Schein believed that there are three levels in an organization culture.
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL
CULTURE
TYPICAL BEHAVIOR -Typical organizational behaviors represent the most visible level of
culture, including patterns such as executive perks, dress codes, technology use, and
workspace layout.
STATED VALUES -Values underlies and largely determine behaviors but are not directly
observable, leading to potential differences between stated values and those actually
practiced.
FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTION -Fundamental Assumptions which evolve from values and
become taken for granted. This layered understanding of culture can be compared to an
iceberg, with observable behaviors at the surface and deeper values and assumptions
submerged below.
ARTIFACTS
-These mark the surface of the culture in every organization. The visible
part of the culture can be noticed by a visitor or an ‘outsider’ in the form of the
following aspects:

•Physical Artifacts
•Language
•Stories and myths
•Technology
•Visible Tradition
•Values
Basic Assumptions. An assumption is a kind of belief that is taken for granted as
a fact and so it is never challenged. A pattern of basic assumptions evolved among the
members of a social group and makes the core of the culture in any organization. When
the basic assumptions are understood, the apparently isolated and confusing artifacts and
values become coherent. Schein (1985) gave six types of assumptions that form the
paradigm for every organization:
SIX TYPES OF ASSUMPTION
1. Assumptions regarding the nature of truth in physical and social matters, including how
reality and truth are determined and if they are to be revealed or discovered.
2. Assumptions about the significance of time in a group, including its definition and
measurement.
3. Assumptions about the ownership and allocation of space, its symbolic meaning, and its
influence on relationships and boundaries of intimacy and privacy.
4. Basic assumptions about human nature, questioning whether it is fundamentally good or
bad and if it can be perfected.
5. Assumptions regarding the organization's relationship with its environment, and the
balance between work and play, as well as activity and passivity.
6. Assumptions about interpersonal relationships, the distribution of power and
responsibilities, the balance between cooperation and competition, individualism versus group
collaboration, leadership styles, and conflict resolution and decision-making processes.
Cultural Practices Globally &
Nationally
-The word "culture" derives from the Latin word "colere," which means to tend to
the earth and grow, or cultivation and nurture. Culture is the characteristics and knowledge
of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits,
music and arts.
-Culture is a set of patterns of human activity within a community or social group
and the symbolic structures that give significance to such activity. In other words, culture
is the peoples’ way of life. The elements of culture are: customs. holidays, clothing,
greetings, typical rituals and activities, marriage/family, government/laws, language, religion and
many more. Values and belief principles are the important aspects of
lifestyles.
NATIONAL AND GLOBAL
CULTURE
National culture - is inclusive of all the beliefs and values shared by the population of a
particular nation which includes the set of norms, behaviors, beliefs, customs, and
values shared by the population of a sovereign nation.
Global culture - is a set of shared experiences, norms, symbols, and ideas that unite
people at the global level.
CULTURAL PRACTICES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
-Filipinos are known for their resilience, always managing to rise above challenges
during calamities and catastrophes with a smile.
-Filipinos is also known for their love for their families and friends
- Filipinos are religious
-Filipinos cherish traditions and culture, often dedicating specific days to celebrations
like festivals, birthdays, and reunions, which are always accompanied by delicious food.
-Filipinos have a strong love for food, enjoying meals together, and they also have a
passion for singing, making karaoke a popular pastime. Their creativity shines through
in art and architecture, as they embrace unique and innovative designs
-Use of po" and "opo" when addressing elders.
-pagmamano, where they raise elders' hands to their foreheads as a sign of respect.
-Bayanihan is the act of Filipinos helping each other without expecting something in
return.
GLOBAL CULTURAL PRACTICES
-Global cultural practices unite members of groups based on distinct cultural, linguistic, religious,
behavioral, and biological traits. The effects of globalization on cultural diversity spark challenging
debates, as technological advancements dissolve international boundaries and facilitate cultural
exchange.

-Globalization can empower societies by interconnecting the world, supporting economic

development, enhancing information access, and fostering a global community. It primarily
represents the integration of markets, trade, and investments.
GLOBAL CULTURAL PRACTICES
Globalization influences culture worldwide, particularly through the impact of multinational
corporations on societal values and workplace dynamics. Understanding a country's culture is
vital for fostering effective communication, essential for business success. Shared cultural
practices include international sports, holidays, fashion, language, and travel. These practices
not only hold intrinsic value but also provide significant social and economic benefits, creating
opportunities for people to connect and enhancing overall quality of life and well-being for
individuals and communities.
Social/Cultural Distinction, National Symbols &
Nation’s Social/Cultural Heritage
Social/Cultural Distinctions – a set of principles that govern the way we live and interact
with others. These principles differ depending on where you are from, your background,
etc.
National Symbol - is a representation that manifests itself to the world as a national
community.
Social/Cultural Heritage – is a culturally learned customs, codes, and rules of behavior
that are constant across generations.
-In sociology, distinction refers to the social force that assigns varying values to different individuals or
groups based on factors such as sex, age, ethnicity, and sociocultural characteristics. This social
distinction helps define roles and statuses within society and differentiates social classes based on
attitudes and behaviors.

-Cultural diversity, or multiculturalism, encompasses individuals from different cultures, considering

aspects like language, religion, race, sexual orientation, gender, age, and ethnicity. Respect for diverse
cultures is essential, as seen in examples like classrooms with children from varied backgrounds.

-National symbols represent a community’s identity and values, aiming to unite people through visual,
verbal, or iconic representations. These symbols foster patriotism and collective awareness of national
identity. In the Philippines, national symbols recognized by the National Commission for Culture and the
Arts (NCCA) include the flag, anthem, sampaguita flower, carabao, barong Tagalog, eagle, narra tree,
pearl gem, bangus, and arnis. Such symbols foster a sense of national identity and pride.
Social/Cultural Heritage consists of learned customs and behaviors passed through
generations, encompassing both tangible (objects, buildings) and intangible (traditions,
oral histories) elements. Social/Cultural Heritage maintains our connection to religion,
traditions, and beliefs, shaping our identity. It is a legacy inherited from past
generations that informs present values and practices, while also benefiting future
generations.

Preserving heritage is crucial for sustaining local economies, creating jobs, and
maintaining connections to the past. It deepens our sense of unity, belonging, and
national pride, reinforcing shared social values and customs.