HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

1891: Basketball was invented by James Naismith, a 31-year old graduate student and physical
education instructor at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts
(now known as Springfield College). On December 21, Naismith hung up peach baskets at each
end of the gymnasium and introduced a set of 13 basic rules for the game. The first basketball
game was played that day and it finished with a score of 1-0.

1892: The first public game of basketball was played. It took place in Springfield, Massachusetts
at the YMCA between students and faculty. The students won 5-1.

1893: The first international basketball game took place in Paris, France at a local YMCA.

1894: The soccer ball that was previously being used in games was replaced with what we now
know as the official basketball.

1896: The first intercollegiate basketball game using the modern rules of 5 players per side took
place in Iowa City, Iowa.

1898: The first professional basketball league, the National Basketball League (NBL), was
formed in New Jersey.

1901: Players were allowed to dribble the ball for the first time, but they were only allowed to
dribble once and they weren't allowed to shoot after.

1906: Metal hoops, nets, and backboards were introduced, replacing the peach baskets.

1909: Unlimited dribbling is allowed for the first time.

1932: The International Basketball Federation (FIBA) was founded.

1936: Basketball made its debut as an official Olympic sport at the Berlin Summer Olympics.

1949: The Basketball Association of America (BAA) merged with the National Basketball
League (NBL) to form the National Basketball Association (NBA)

1976: The NBA and the American Basketball Association (ABA) merged, bringing together the
best players from both leagues and solidifying the NBA's position as the top professional
basketball league.

1979: The NBA adopts the 3-point line for the first time for the 1979-1980 season.

1992: The US Olympic Basketball Team, aka the "Dream Team," represented the United States
in the Summer Olympics held in Barcelona, Spain. The team was comprised of NBA stars such
as Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, and Larry Bird. The US won the gold medal and showcased
the global appeal of basketball in the process.
2000's: Top players like Shaquille O'Neal, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, Kevin Garnett, Allen
Iverson, LeBron James, Dwyane Wade, Steve Nash and more help revolutionize the game and
raise the popularity of basketball. Stars like Yao Ming, Dirk Nowitzki, Tony Parker, Manu
Ginobili, and Pau Gasol help globalize basketball.

Dr. James Naismith originally founded the 13 RULES IN BASKETBALL. These rules were
meant to keep the game fair and balanced for both sides during a match. Here are the 13 rules of
basketball:

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with the fist).
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches
it, an allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed if he
tries to stop.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be used for holding
it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an opponent
shall be allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second
shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent to injure the
person, for the whole of the game, no substitute allowed.
6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3,4, and such as described in Rule
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents
(consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and
stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests
on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person first
touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is
allowed five seconds; if he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in
delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side.
10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when
three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to disqualify men according to
Rule 5.
11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds,
to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made,
and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes rest between.
13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case of a draw,
the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is made.
RULES IN BAKSETBALL

The Rules

Basketball is a team sport.

Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet
above the ground.

The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is a hoop at each end.

The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-court line.

If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has 8 seconds to get the
ball over the mid-court line.

If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball.

Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can no longer have possession of
the ball in the area behind the midcourt line.

If it does, the defense is awarded the ball.

The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team with the
ball is called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense.
The defense tries to steal the ball, contest shots, deflect passes, and garner rebounds.

POINTS

When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other team.

If a basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three-point arc, then that basket is worth three
points. A free throw is worth one point.

Free throws are awarded to a team according to some formats involving the number of fouls
committed in a half and/or the type of foul committed.

Fouling a shooter always results in two or three free throws being awarded the shooter,
depending upon where he was when he shot. If he was beyond the three-point line, then he gets
three shots.

Other types of fouls do not result in free throws being awarded until a certain number have
accumulated during a half (called “team fouls”).

Once that number is reached, then the player who was fouled is awarded a '1-and-1' opportunity.
If he makes his first free throw, he gets to attempt a second. If he misses the first shot, the ball is
live on the rebound.

GAME CLOCK

10 minutes per quarter

BASKET ASSIGNMENT AND TIP-OFF

Also, each team is assigned a basket or goal to defend.

This means that the other basket is their scoring basket.

At halftime, the teams switch goals.

The game begins with one player from either team at center court.

A referee will toss the ball up between the two. The player that gets his hands on the ball will tip
it to a teammate. This is called a tip-off.

In addition to stealing the ball from an opposing player, there are other ways for a team to get the
ball.

One such way is if the other team commits a foul or violation.

Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.

• Hitting
• Pushing
• Slapping
• Holding
• Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When an offensive player
sticks out a limb and makes physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block the
path of the defender.

Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets two free throws
if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in.

• Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a three-point goal
and they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting a three-point shot and makes
it anyway, he is awarded one free throw. Thus, he could score four points on the play.

• Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul was
committed upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of bounds, and have
5 seconds to pass the ball onto the court.

• One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the game, then the
player who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes his first shot, then he is
awarded another free throw.

• Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then the fouled
player receives two free throws.

Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive
player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.

Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position
in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.

Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and punching.
This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the ball after the
free throws.

Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable
effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.

Technical foul. Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit this type of foul. It does not
involve player contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the game. Foul language,
obscenity, obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a technical foul, as can
technical details regarding filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-ups.

VIOLATIONS

Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is traveling.
Moving your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.

Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or,
sometimes, even under the ball.

Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up
the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.

Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at the
same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and
awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.

Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward the
basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard, or while
it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an
offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.

Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they
cannot go back across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team
to pass inbounds.

Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the ball. If he
does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time restrictions include the rule that a
player cannot have the ball for more than five seconds when being closely guarded and, in some
states and levels, shot-clock restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a given time
frame.

Kickball violation if a player kicks the ball intentionally during the play, it's a violation.
Accidentally striking the ball with the foot is not a violation.

Player Positions

Center. Centers are generally your tallest players. They generally are positioned near the basket.

Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are also responsible for
blocking defenders, known as picking or screening, to open other players up for driving to the
basket for a goal. Centers are expected to get some offensive rebounds and put-backs.
Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep opponents from shooting by
blocking shots and passes in the key area. They also are expected to get a lot of rebounds
because they're taller.

Forward. Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards. While a forward may be
called upon to play under the hoop, they may also be required to operate in the wings and corner
areas.

Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside shots, drive for goals,
and rebound.

Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and rebounding.

Guard. These are potentially your shortest players and they should be really good at dribbling
fast, seeing the court, and passing. It is their job to bring the ball down the court and set up
offensive plays.

Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's main
responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to the basket and to shoot from the perimeter.

Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes, contesting shots, preventing
drives to the hoop, and for boxing out.