PRESIDENT’S OFFICE

REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

TANZANIA OLD SCHOOLS ASSOCIATION (TOSA)

FORM SIX PRE - NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

131/1 PHYSICS 1

TIME: 3:00 HOURS MARCH, 2023

INSTRUCTIONS
1. This paper consists of ten (10) questions in section A and B.
2. Answer all questions in section A and two (2) questions from section B.
3. Section A carries seventy (70) marks and section B carries thirty (30) marks.
4. Marks for each question part thereof are indicated
5. Mathematical tables and non-programmable calculators may be used.
6. Cellular phones and any unauthorized material are not allowed in the examination room.
7. Write your Examination Number on every page of your booklet(s).
8. The following information may be useful;-
 Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10ms-2
 Molar gas constant R = 8.31 Jmol-1K-1
 Density of sea water 1023kgm-3
 Electronic charge e  1.6  10 19 C
 Pie   3.14

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SECTION A (70 marks)
Answer all questions from this section
1. (a)(i) Can dimensional analysis tell you that the physical relation is completely right? Justify your
answer. (02 marks)
(ii) The de Broglie wave length associated with a moving electron depends on its momentum and
h
the value of Plank’s constant. Prove the equation   is dimensionally correct. (03 marks)
p
(b) In an experiment on timing 20seconds using a stopwatch, the following five results were record
19.78s, 20.10s, 20.11s, 19.88s and 20.09s. Based on error analysis, how the result should be
written? (05 marks)
2. (a)(i) Newton’s first law of motion is called law of inertia. Give justification. (02 marks)
(ii) Explain briefly, three situations in which a body can experience weightless when standing on a
spring balance. (03 marks)
(b) A 30kg shell is flying at 48ms-1. When it explodes, its one part of 18kg stops while the remaining
part flies on.
(i) Does linear momentum and kinetic energy both conserved? Justify your answer. (03 marks)
(ii) What is the velocity of the latter? (02 marks)

3. (a)(i) How does projectile motion differ from circular motion? (02 marks)
(ii) Two particles are thrown with the same velocity at an angle 30o and 60o horizontal. Which
parameters: time of flight, range and maximum height will remain the same? Give proof.
(03 marks)
(b) Figure 1, shows a tray of mass 12kg is supported by a spring. When a tray is displaced slightly
and released it executes simple harmonic motion with a period of 1.5s. If a block of mass m is
placed above the tray, the period of oscillation changes to 3.0s. Determine the mass m of the
block. (05 marks)

4. (a)(i) What is required for a satellite to be in a parking orbit? Give two points. (02 marks)
(ii) The escape velocity from the earth’s surface for a piece of mass of 1g is 11.2kms-1. What
would it be for a block of mass 5kg? Justify your answer. (03 marks)
(b) An ice dancer is spinning about vertical axis with his arm extended vertically upwards. Then he
allows his arms to fall until they are horizontal. What will be the change in kinetic energy of
the dancer? Give justification (05 marks)

5. (a)(i) The tile floor feels colder than the wooden floor even though both floor materials are at the
same temperature. Give explanation. (03 marks)
o o
(ii) A faulty thermometer has its fixed points marked 0 C and 95 C. What is the correct temperature
in centigrade when this thermometer reads 59oC? (03 marks)
(b) A liquid cools from 70 C to 50 C in four minutes. If the surrounding temperature is 20oC, how
o o

much time will it take to cool from 50oC to 40oC? (04 marks)

6. (a)(i) Distinguish between isothermal and adiabatic process. Give two points (02 marks)

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(ii) Using first law of thermodynamic, deduce the relation between molar heat capacity at
constant pressure c p and molar heat capacity at constant volume cv . (03 marks)
o
(b) Two moles of an ideal gas are compressed in a cylinder at constant temperature of 65 C until its
pressure is tripled.
(i) Sketch a P-V diagram for this process (02 marks)
(ii) Calculate the amount of heat given out (03 marks)

7. (a) (i) Distinguish between soil permeability and soil porosity. (02 marks)
(ii) A farmer experiences surface soil temperature variation during daily activities. Explain the
factors which influence the surface soil temperature. (04 marks)
(b) The city of Dar es Salaam sea shore is known to experience tidal ranges that can reach 4m.
Suppose a tidal barrage of 100km2 is constructed, how much total potential; tidal energy can be
reserved by the barrage in one year by using bidirectional turbine? (04 marks)

SECTION B (30 marks)

Answer any two (2) questions from this section
8. (a) (i) Drift velocity of electrons is very small but the lamp lights up as soon as a switch is closed
Explain this observation. (03 marks)
(ii) A resistor R can be varied in the electric circuit shown in figure 2. What is the value of
resistance R should be in order for the current through the galvanometer G to be zero?
(04 marks)

(b) A coil is has the resistance of 20Ω and reactance of 210Ω.

(i) What is the difference between reactance and resistance? (02 marks)
(ii) Show how resistance and reactance are related. (02 marks)
(c) The current flowing through a 0.6H inductor changes sinusoidal with amplitude of 2.0A and a
frequency of 50Hz. Determine the root mean square potential difference across the terminal of the
inductor. (04 marks)
9. (a) (i) Explain the change in electrical conductivity of a copper wire and silicon wire as
temperature increases. (03 marks)
(ii) Distinguish between light emitting diode (LED) and photodiode. (02 marks)
(b)With the aid of a diagram, construct the full wave rectification circuit using two diodes.(04 marks)
(c) The figure 3, below is of an ideal operational amplifier

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dV in
(i) Show that Vo   RC . (04 marks)
dt
(ii) Propose where such amplifier can be employed. (02 mark)

10. (a)(i) Identify three basic logic gates that make up all digital circuits. (03 marks)
(ii) Construct a Boolean expression from the logic gates shown in figure 4. (04 marks)

(b) An alarm system is controlled by three sensors, A, B and C. the system sounds its alarm when
sensors, A and B are on or when sensors B and C are on. Draw the truth table for the system and
hence its logic circuit. (04 marks)
(c) State what bandwidth is required for a radio wave of frequency 500 kHz when amplitude
modulated by audio frequencies of up to 15 kHz. Justify your answer. (04 marks)

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PRESIDENT’S OFFICE
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
TANZANIA OLD SCHOOLS ASSOCIATION (TOSA)

FORM SIX PRE - NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS – 2023

PHYSICS 1 - MARKING SCHEME

1. (a)(i) No! The dimensional analysis does not tell the relation is completely right because;- It does
not give the numerical values of dimensionless constants such as π and numerical constants
(02 marks)
(ii) Consider the dimensions of;-
  L  ,  
h  ML2T 1 and p  MLT 1   (01 mark)

The equation in terms of dimension

L   ML T 
2 1

MLT  1
(01mark)

 L   L 
From above; the dimension in right hand side is the same as that of left hand side. So
equation is dimensional correct as proved. (01 mark)

(b) Consider the average of collected results of the value of t

19 .78  20 .10  20 .11  19 .88  20 .09
t  19 .99 s (01 mark)
5
The average values of deviation from the true value
0.22  0.10  0.11  0.12  0.09
t   0.13 s (02 marks)
5
The results should be written as t  t  19.99  0.13s (02 marks)

2. (a) (i) From Newton’s 1st law F  0 , means there is no external force on a body. The body is
either at rest or moving with uniform velocity in a straight line. In order to change the state of
the body an external force is required. So everybody has a tendency to maintain its state of
rest or of uniform velocity. For this reason the Newton’s 1st law is called the law of inertia.
(02 marks)
(ii) Three situations in which a body can experience weightless when standing on a spring
balance are;-
 When a body is placed at free space (out of gravitational field).
 When a body is descending with an elevator with acceleration due to gravity.
 When a body is passed at highest position on a rotating wheel of radius r with the
speed equal to rg . (@ 01 mark)
(b) (i) Consider the value of initial kinetic energy

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1 1
KE initial  Mu 2   30  48 2  34560 J (01 mark)
2 2
1
Final kinetic energy KE final  mv 2
2
Mu 30  48
But v   120 ms 1
m 12
1
KE final  mv 2  12  120 2  86400 J (01 mark)
2
Only momentum was conserved but kinetic energy was not conserved (01 mark)
(ii) From principle of conservation of linear momentum
Mu  0  mv (01 mark)
Mu 30  48
Then v   120 ms 1 (01 mark)
m 12

3. (a) (i) - The path described by a projectile is a trajectory while that described by a circular
motion is a circular path.
- The magnitude and direction of the velocity in projectile motion changes while that of
circular motion only direction is changing (Any one 2 marks)
2u sin 
(ii) For time of flight, t (001/2 mark)
g
u 2 sin 2
For the range R (001/2 mark)
g
u 2 sin 2 
For the maximum height hmax  (001/2 mark)
2g
From above sin 2(30 )  sin 2(60 ) (001/2 mark)
So the value of range will be the same (01 mark)

4 2 m
(b) From, T2  (01 mark)
k
4 2 mt
T1 
2
(01 mark)
k
4 2 (mt  m)
T12  (01 mark)
k
T2 32
( mt  m )  22 mt   12 kg  81kg
T1 1 .5 2
m  81  12  69 kg (02 marks)
4. (a) (i) - The satellite should revolve the same direction as the direction of rotation of the earth.
- The period of revolution of the satellite should be the same as that of rotation of the earth.
(@ 01 mark)
(ii) The escape velocity from the earth’s surface for a piece of mass of 1g is 11.2kms-1. What
would it be for a block of mass 5kg? Justify your answer.
Since escape velocity of an object from the surface of the earth is given as, v  2 RE g , so it
does not depends on the mass of the object. The escape velocity will be the same
(03 marks)
(b) From principle of conservation of Angular momentum; I 11  I 2 2 (01 mark)

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When he allows his arms to fall until they are horizontal his moments of inertia is increased and
the angular velocity will decrease. (02 marks)
1
Since rotational kinetic energy is given as KE rotational  I 2
2
His rotational kinetic energy will decrease because the rotational kinetic energy depends
highly with angular velocity compared to its moment of inertia. (02 marks)

5. (a) (i) This due to the fact that the specific heat capacity of the tiles materials is higher compared to
that of wood. So more heat will be absorbed in tiles than in the wood. So the tile floor feels
colder than the wooden floor. (03 marks)
X  X0
(ii) From    100 o C (01 mark)
X 100  X 0
59  0
  100 o C (01 mark)
95  0
 62 .1o C (01 mark)

d
(b) From mc  KS (   R ) (01 mark)
dt
(70  50 )  70  50  
From 70oC to 50oC, mc  KS    20  (01 mark)
4  2  
(50  40 )  50  40  
From 50oC to 40oC, mc  KS    20  (01 mark)
t  2  
t  20 40
Divide the two equations, 
4  10 25
t  3.2 min (01 mark)

6. (a) (i) - Isothermal process takes place at constant temperature while adiabatic process takes
place if there is no heat given out or enter to the system.
- Isothermal process takes place slowly while adiabatic process takes place quickly.
- In isothermal process the container is not insulated heat can enter or leaves the system while
in the adiabatic process the container is thick and insulated no heat enters or leaves the
system. (Any two @ 01 mark)
(ii) Consider a container filled with gas heated at constant pressure, the heat goes to increase
internal energy and to expand the gas. From the first law of thermodynamic the equation will
be;- Q  U  W
nc p T  ncv T  PV (01 mark)
But PV  PV2  PV1  nRT 2  nRT1  nR T
nc p T  ncv T  nRT (01 mark)
c p  cv  R , Deduced (01 mark)
(b) (i) Sketched P-V diagram for this process

Page 3 of 8
(02 marks)
(ii) Since the process is isothermal
Q  W (001/2 mark)
V  P 
But W  nRT ln  2   nRT ln  1  (01 mark)
 V1   P2 
1
 2  8.31  338 ln   (001/2 mark)
3
 6171 .5J (01 mark)

7. (a) (i) Soil permeability is the property of the soil to transmit water and air while soil porosity is the
gap between solid particles of the soil which contains water and air (02 marks)
(ii) - Nature of the soil
- Solar radiation
- Microorganisms activities in the soil
- Mulching
- Shading (Any four @ 01 mark)

(b) Lunar tidal period is 12 hours; Number of tidal cycles per year is;
( 24  365 .25 ) h
n  731 (01 mark)
12 h
Number of times the tide to drives the turbines become N  2n  2  731  1462
nAgh2
tidal energy  (01 mark)
2
1462  100  10 6  10  4 2
 (01 mark)
2
 2.39  10 6 J (01 mark)

8. (a)(i) This is due to the fact that in the switch’s conducting materials in the wire and in the lamp
filament there are electrons at static condition, but when the switch is closed the electrons are
in electric potential difference so each electron start drifting that’s why the lamp lights up as
soon as a switch is closed (03 marks)

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(ii) When current through G is zero, the current flowing through loop AHCBA is the same as
that flowing through loop FGDEF. (01 mark)

Consider Kirchhoff’s voltage law round loop AHCBA

2  10 I  90 I (001/2 mark)
2V
I   0.02 A (01 mark)
100 
Consider Kirchhoff’s voltage law round loop FGDEF
1.2  0.02 R  (0.02  10 ) (001/2 mark)
1 .2  0 .2
R  50  (01 mark)
0.02
(b) (i) Reactance is the opposition of flowing of alternating current through the inductor while
Resistance is the opposition of both alternating current and direct current through the resistor.
(02 marks)
(ii) Consider the flow of ac through the inductor
dI
V L
dt
But I  I o sin t
d ( I o sin t )
V L  LI o cos t
dt
V  Vo cos t
So Vo  LI o
V V
But R  o , also o  L  2fL (01 mark)
Io Io
Both have the same SI unit which is ohm (Ω) (01 mark)
(c) From X L  2fL  2  3.14  50  0.6  188 .4 (01 mark)
Vo  I o X L  188 .4  2  376 .8V (01 mark)
V
Vr .m.s  o (01 mark)
2
376 .8V
  266 .4V (01 mark)
2

9. (a) (i) In copper when the temperature increases its conductivity decreases while in silicon when the
temperature increases its conductivity also increases. (03 marks)
(ii) Light emitting diode produce light when it is conducting electric current while photodiode
conducts electric current when it is exposed to light.
Photodiode is used as a sensor to light during darkness while light emitting diode is used as
indicators in different appliance. . (Any one, 02 marks)

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(b) Diagram of the full wave rectification circuit using two diodes.

(04 marks)
dQ
(c) (i) From I  IR  (01 mark)
dt

But Q  CVin
dV in
I C (01 mark)
dt
Vo
Since I R   (01 mark)
R
Vo dV in
 C
R dt
dV in
Vo   RC (01 mark)
dt

(ii) This amplifier is used as differentiator. (02 mark)

10 (a) (i) - OR gate

- AND gate
- NOT gate (@ 01 mark)
(ii) Consider a truth table
A B A B A B ( A  B)  B
0 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 0 0

The Boolean expression will be ( A  B)  B (04 marks)

(b) Consider a truth

A B C A B BC ( A  B)  ( B  C )  B  ( A  C )
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0

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1 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1

(02 marks)
Logic circuit

(Any 02 marks)
(c) Consider the upper sideband  f o  f m
 500  15  515 kHz (01 mark)
Lower sideband  f o  f m
 500  15  485 kHz (01 mark)
Bandwidth required = Upper sideband –Lower sideband frequency (01 mark)
 515  485  30 kHz (01 mark)

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