UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

UGC NET Paper 1- Higher Education System - 100 Most

Probable Questions with Solutions
Q1. The correct activities related to the conduct of an experiment in
social research are:
1) Control the experimental environment
2) Pilot test, revise, and test
3) Empathy with the participants
4) Praising the good qualities of the participant
5) Specify the treatment levels

Select the most appropriate answer:

A) (1), (2), and (5)
B) (2), (3), and (4)
C) (1), (4), and (5)
D) (3), (4), and (5)

Correct Answer: A - (1), (2), and (5)

Explanation:
In social research experiments, specific activities are critical to ensure the
accuracy, validity, and reliability of the results. Here are some of the activities
 Control the Experimental Environment: It ensures consistency across all
experimental conditions, eliminating the influence of extraneous variables.
Example: Maintaining uniform temperature, lighting, or noise levels in a
lab experiment.
 Pilot Test, Revise, and Test: Conducting a pilot test helps identify potential
issues in the experimental design before the main study. Example:
Testing a survey or experiment protocol with a small group before full-
scale implementation.
 Specify the Treatment Levels: Defining treatment levels is crucial for
determining how the independent variable is manipulated across groups.
Example: In an experiment studying the impact of sleep on productivity.

Q2. Which initiative has been launched by the UGC to promote

multidisciplinary education under the National Education Policy (NEP)
2020?
A. SWAYAM
B. National Academic Depository (NAD)
C. Academic Bank of Credits (ABC)
D. Study in India

Answer: C - Academic Bank of Credits (ABC)

Explanation:
The Academic Bank of Credits allows students to store and transfer earned
academic credits, encouraging flexible and multidisciplinary learning as per NEP
2020.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q3. What is the primary objective of the “UGC-CARE” initiative?

A. To rank higher education institutions

B. To improve research quality by listing credible journals
C. To promote online learning resources
D. To encourage foreign collaborations

Answer: B - To improve research quality by listing credible journals

Explanation:
UGC-CARE (Consortium for Academic and Research Ethics) ensures quality in
academic publications by maintaining a list of credible journals and discouraging
unethical practices in research.

Q4. According to recent UGC guidelines, how many undergraduate

courses must now include Environmental Studies as a compulsory
subject?
A. Only science courses
B. Only arts courses
C. All undergraduate programs
D. Only professional programs

Answer: C - All undergraduate programs

Explanation:
As per the Hon’ble Supreme Court’s directive, UGC mandates that Environmental
Studies be a compulsory subject for all undergraduate students.

5. What is the purpose of the UGC's “Study in India” program?

A. To promote research collaborations with Indian scholars
B. To attract international students to Indian universities
C. To train Indian students for global employment
D. To digitize higher education in India

Answer: B - To attract international students to Indian universities

Explanation:
The “Study in India” initiative by UGC aims to increase India’s global presence in
higher education by attracting foreign students to study in Indian institutions.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q6. Which new guideline was introduced by UGC in 2024 to enhance

teacher accountability in higher education?
A. Teaching and Learning Innovation Framework
B. National Digital Library
C. Academic Performance Index (API) Revamp
D. Teaching Excellence Reward Scheme

Answer: C - Academic Performance Index (API) Revamp

Explanation:
The UGC revised the Academic Performance Index (API) in 2024 to better assess
and reward teaching performance and research outputs.

Q7. What is the credit hour requirement for UGC’s newly mandated
internship programs for undergraduate students?
A. 2 credit hours
B. 4 credit hours
C. 6 credit hours
D. 8 credit hours

Answer: C - 6 credit hours

Explanation:
The UGC recently made internships mandatory for undergraduate students,
assigning 6 credit hours to ensure skill development and practical exposure.

Q8. When was the University Grants Commission (UGC) established?

A. 1947
B. 1953
C. 1956
D. 1960

Answer: c) 1956
Explanation: The UGC was formally established in 1956 through the UGC Act,
1956, to regulate higher education in India.

Q9. Who was the first chairperson of the UGC?

A) Dr. Radhakrishnan
B) Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar
C) Dr. Triguna Sen
D) Dr. C.D. Deshmukh

Answer: D) Dr. C.D. Deshmukh

Explanation:
Dr. C.D. Deshmukh, a prominent educationist, served as the first chairperson of
UGC.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q10. What is the primary function of the UGC?

A. Conducting school board exams
B. Regulating and funding higher education institutions
C. Approving medical colleges
D. Managing primary education

Answer: B) Regulating and funding higher education institutions

Explanation:
UGC coordinates and ensures the maintenance of standards in higher education
institutions.

Q11. Under which article of the Indian Constitution was the UGC Act,
1956 enacted?
A. Article 245
B. Article 275
C. Article 280
D. Article 248

Answer: A) Article 245

Explanation:
The UGC Act, 1956, was enacted under Article 245, giving UGC its statutory
authority.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q12. Match the following List I (Institutions) with List II (Year of

Establishment)
List I (Institutions) List II (Year of
Establishment)
A) University of Calcutta 1) 1857

B) Banaras Hindu University (BHU) 2) 1916

C) Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) 3) 1951
Kharagpur
D) Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) 4) 1969

A. A → 3, B → 1, C → 4, D → 2
B. A → 1, B → 3, C → 2, D → 4
C. A → 4, B → 2, C → 1, D → 3
D. A → 3, B → 4, C → 2, D → 1

Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
 University of Calcutta (1857): Established as the first modern university in
India during British rule, alongside Bombay and Madras universities.
 Banaras Hindu University (1916): Founded by Pandit Madan Mohan
Malaviya to integrate modern and traditional Indian education.
 IIT Kharagpur (1951): India’s first Indian Institute of Technology, focusing
on technical education and innovation.
 Jawaharlal Nehru University (1969): A prominent institution emphasizing
research in social sciences and interdisciplinary studies.

Q13. What is the primary goal of the National Education Policy (NEP)
2020?
A) To provide free education up to Class 12
B) To promote vocational education for all students
C) To overhaul and revitalize the education system in India
D) To focus only on the digitalization of education

Answer: C) To overhaul and revitalize the education system in India

Explanation:
NEP 2020 aims to transform India’s education system by promoting holistic
learning, integrating technology, and ensuring inclusive and equitable quality
education for all.

Q14. According to the NEP 2020, which of the following is a key feature
regarding the structure of school education?
A) The 10+2 structure of school education will remain unchanged
B) Introduction of 5+3+3+4 school education structure
C) Removal of language education from the curriculum
D) Making English the compulsory medium of instruction
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Answer: B) Introduction of 5+3+3+4 school education structure

Explanation:
NEP 2020 introduces a new school education structure, divided into 5 years of
foundational stage (3-8 years), 3 years of preparatory stage (8-11 years), 3
years of middle stage (11-14 years), and 4 years of secondary stage (14-18
years).

Q15. What does NEP 2020 recommend regarding the medium of

instruction in schools?
A) Medium of instruction should be English at all levels
B) The regional languages should be the medium of instruction till at
least Grade 5
C) Hindi should be made compulsory in all states
D) No specific recommendations are made regarding the medium of
instruction

Answer: B) The regional languages should be the medium of instruction till at

least Grade 5

Explanation:
NEP 2020 emphasizes that education should be in the child’s mother tongue or
regional language at least till Grade 5, and preferably till Grade 8.

Q16. Which new system does NEP 2020 propose to enhance the quality
of higher education?
A) Introduction of standard exams for all students
B) Setting up the National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC)
C) All higher education institutions must become autonomous
D) Compulsory entrance exams for all postgraduate courses

Answer: B) Setting up the National Higher Education Regulatory Council

(NHERC)
Explanation:
NEP 2020 proposes the establishment of the NHERC to regulate higher education
in India, ensure accountability, and promote the autonomy of institutions.

Q17. What is the role of the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) according
to NEP 2020?
A) To offer online degrees to students
B) To store academic credits and facilitate credit transfers
C) To regulate entrance exams for higher education
D) To monitor the implementation of educational policies

Answer: B) To store academic credits and facilitate credit transfers

Explanation:
ABC allows students to accumulate and transfer academic credits across
institutions, promoting flexible learning pathways and multidisciplinary
education.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q18. According to NEP 2020, what is the proposed target for Gross
Enrollment Ratio (GER) in higher education by 2035?
A) 30%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 60%

Answer: C) 50%
Explanation:
NEP 2020 aims to increase the Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) in higher education
to 50% by 2035, improving access to quality education.

Q19. Which of the following is a recommendation of NEP 2020 regarding

teacher education?
A) No new teacher training institutions will be set up
B) Teacher training will only be online from 2025
C) All teacher education programs will be aligned with the new 4-year
Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) degree
D) Teacher training will only focus on technology skills

Answer: C) All teacher education programs will be aligned with the new 4-year
Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) degree
Explanation:
NEP 2020 recommends that teacher education programs be restructured and
aligned with a 4-year integrated B.Ed degree to improve the quality of teaching.

Q20. Which new initiative does NEP 2020 recommend for promoting
online learning?
A) National Virtual University
B) SWAYAM and DIKSHA platforms
C) Mandatory online courses for all students
D) Digital textbooks for every student

Answer: B) SWAYAM and DIKSHA platforms

Explanation:
NEP 2020 emphasizes the expansion of platforms like SWAYAM (Study Webs of
Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) and DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for
Knowledge Sharing) for online learning and digital resources.

Q21. Who is considered the main architect of the English education

system in colonial India?
A) Lord Curzon
B) Lord Macaulay
C) Lord William Bentinck
D) Thomas Babington Macaulay
Answer: B) Lord Macaulay
Explanation:
Lord Macaulay is credited with formulating the English education policy in India
with his famous Minute on Education (1835), which promoted English as the
medium of instruction.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q22. The first Indian university, the University of Bombay (now

Mumbai), was established in which year during the British colonial
period?
A) 1857
B) 1849
C) 1860
D) 1871

Answer: A) 1857
Explanation:
The University of Bombay was established in 1857, along with the University of
Calcutta and University of Madras, as part of the British effort to create a class
of educated Indians.

Q23. Which of the following acts established a system of education in

India aimed at providing education to the masses during the colonial
era?
A) The Indian Education Act, 1835
B) The Indian Universities Act, 1904
C) The Wood's Dispatch, 1854
D) The Hunter Commission, 1882

Answer: C) The Wood's Dispatch, 1854

Explanation:
The Wood's Dispatch of 1854, often called the "Magna Carta of English Education
in India," laid down the foundation for the education system in India and
recommended the establishment of schools and colleges in major cities.

Q24. What was the main purpose of the education system introduced by
the British during the colonial period?
A) To promote indigenous knowledge
B) To create a class of clerks to assist British administration
C) To promote technical education for industrial growth
D) To foster nationalistic ideals

Answer: B) To create a class of clerks to assist British administration

Explanation: The British education system in India mainly aimed to create a
class of clerks who could assist in the British administration rather than
promoting comprehensive education for the masses.

Q25. The Indian Education Commission of 1882, also known as the

Hunter Commission, was set up to:
A) Promote women's education in India
B) Revise the existing education policies and systems
C) Establish universities in every state
D) Introduce primary education in rural areas

Answer: B) Revise the existing education policies and systems

Explanation:
The Hunter Commission of 1882 was set up to evaluate the state of education in
India and to suggest reforms for improving the educational system, focusing on
primary and secondary education.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q26. The basic framework of the education system in colonial India was
greatly influenced by which of the following factors?
A) British economic interests
B) Nationalist movements in India
C) India's ancient educational traditions
D) The Renaissance movement in Europe

Answer: A) British economic interests

Explanation:
The British education system in India was largely designed to serve their
economic and administrative interests, which involved creating a subordinate
class that could serve in clerical and administrative roles.

Q27. What was the significance of the Wood's Dispatch of 1854 in

colonial India?
A) It introduced the primary education system across India
B) It laid the foundation for higher education institutions in India
C) It recommended the teaching of vernacular languages in schools
D) It emphasized education for women and social reform

Answer: B) It laid the foundation for higher education institutions in India

Explanation:
The Wood's Dispatch of 1854 played a key role in the establishment of
universities in India, recommended the creation of a network of schools, and
also emphasized English as the medium of instruction.

Q28. Who was the first education minister of independent India, who
also played a key role in reforming the colonial education system?
A) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
B) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
C) K. Kamaraj
D) Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: B) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Explanation:
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the first Education Minister of independent India
and was instrumental in reforming and developing the education system post-
independence.

Q29. Which of the following was a major criticism of the education

system during the British colonial period in India?
A) It promoted vocational training for the masses
B) It was based on traditional Indian methods of education
C) It focused primarily on British values and knowledge, neglecting
Indian culture
D) It did not focus on English language learning

Answer: C) It focused primarily on British values and knowledge, neglecting

Indian culture
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Explanation:
The colonial education system largely ignored Indian traditions and knowledge,
emphasizing British values, which led to the alienation of Indian culture and
history.

Q30. The Vernacular Press Act, passed in 1878, primarily aimed to:
A) Promote education in regional languages
B) Restrict the spread of nationalist ideas through vernacular
newspapers
C) Encourage the study of Indian literature
D) Provide subsidies to regional education institutions

Answer: B) Restrict the spread of nationalist ideas through vernacular

newspapers
Explanation:
The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was aimed at curbing the influence of
vernacular newspapers that were spreading nationalist ideas and criticizing
British rule.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q31. Match List I (Acts) with List II (Year/Significance)

List I (Acts) List II (Year/Significance)

A) Wood's Dispatch 1) Introduced the Vernacular Press Act

to control nationalist publications.
B) Hunter Commission 2) Laid the foundation for a structured
education system, emphasizing
primary education and creating
universities in major cities.
C) Indian Education Act 3) Focused on improving primary
(1835) education and recommending higher
education reforms.

D) Vernacular Press Act 4) Aimed at promoting English

education in India, especially for the
Indian elite.

A. A → 2, B → 3, C → 4, D → 1

B. A → 4, B → 3, C → 1, D → 2

C. A → 3, B → 2, C → 4, D → 1

D. A → 2, B → 1, C → 3, D → 4

Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
A) Wood's Dispatch (1854): It laid down the framework for the development of
the education system in India, focusing on the establishment of schools,
promoting English education, and setting up universities in major cities.
B) Hunter Commission (1882): The Hunter Commission evaluated the state of
education in India, focusing on primary education and recommending reforms to
improve it.
C) Indian Education Act (1835): This Act, largely influenced by Lord Macaulay,
introduced English as the medium of instruction, focusing on creating an English-
speaking educated class.
D) Vernacular Press Act (1878): This Act aimed to suppress nationalist
movements by controlling the spread of ideas through vernacular language
newspapers.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q32. Match the Following educational acts and their year of

establishment:

List I (Acts) List II (Year)

A) Indian Education Act (1835) 1) 1835

B) Indian Universities Act 2) 1904

C) Indian Education Commission (Kothari 3) 1964
Commission)
D) The Charter Act of 1813 4) 1813

A. A → 1, B → 2, C → 3, D → 4
B. A → 4, B → 3, C → 2, D → 1
C. A → 3, B → 2, C → 4, D → 1
D. A → 1, B → 3, C → 2, D → 4

Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
 Indian Education Act (1835): The Indian Education Act, primarily
inspired by Macaulay, was introduced in 1835 and focused on promoting
English education.
 Indian Universities Act (1904): This Act was passed in 1904 to
regulate the functioning of universities in India, ensuring government
control.
 Indian Education Commission (Kothari Commission) (1964): The
Kothari Commission, established in 1964, recommended reforms for the
national education system in post-independence India.
 The Charter Act of 1813: The Charter Act of 1813, passed in 1813,
allocated funds for the promotion of education in India, marking the first
official step towards government-sponsored education.

Q33. Which ancient Indian university was renowned for its study of
Buddhist philosophy and was patronized by King Dharmapala?
A) Nalanda
B) Takshashila
C) Vikramshila
D) Ujjain

Answer: C) Vikramshila
Explanation:
Vikramshila University, established during the Pala dynasty, was a significant
center for Buddhist studies and was patronized by King Dharmapala.

Q34. Which ancient text mentions the detailed education system of

ancient India?
A) Vedas
B) Upanishads
C) Arthashastra
D) Ramayana
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Answer: C) Arthashastra
Explanation:
The Arthashastra by Kautilya (Chanakya) describes the ancient Indian education
system, including the establishment of institutions and curriculum related to
administration and governance.

Q35. Who is regarded as the founder of the ancient Indian university of

Nalanda?
A) King Ashoka
B) Kumaragupta I
C) Harsha Vardhana
D) Chandragupta Maurya

Answer: B) Kumaragupta I
Explanation:
Kumaragupta I, a Gupta emperor, is credited with founding the ancient
university of Nalanda in the 5th century CE.

Q36. The Kothari Commission's report was later used as the basis for
which major policy?
A) National Policy on Education 1968
B) National Policy on Education 1986
C) New Education Policy 2000
D) Right to Education Act 2009

Answer: B) National Policy on Education 1986

Explanation:
The Kothari Commission's recommendations formed the basis for the National
Policy on Education (NPE) 1986, which aimed to provide quality education to all.

Q37. According to the Kothari Commission, which language should be

used as the medium of instruction at the higher education level?
A) Hindi
B) Regional languages
C) English
D) Sanskrit

Answer: C) English
Explanation:
The Kothari Commission recommended that English should continue to be used
as the medium of instruction at the higher education level to maintain global
competitiveness.

Q38. The Kothari Commission, also known as the Education Commission,

was set up in which year?
A) 1947
B) 1964
C) 1972
D) 1986
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Answer: B) 1964
Explanation:
The Kothari Commission was set up in 1964 under the chairmanship of Dr. D. S.
Kothari to suggest reforms in the Indian education system.

Q39. Match the following institution with establishment years

List I (Educational Bodies) List II (Establishment Year)

A) University Grants Commission 1) 1956

(UGC)
B) All India Council for Technical 2) 1987
Education (AICTE)

C) National Council for Teacher 3) 1995

Education (NCTE)

D) National Board of Accreditation 4) 1994

(NBA)

A. A → 1, B → 2, C → 3, D → 4
B. A → 3, B → 2, C → 1, D → 4
C. A → 2, B → 3, C → 4, D → 1
D. A → 1, B → 3, C → 2, D → 4

Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
University Grants Commission (UGC) - 1956: The UGC was established in
1956 to maintain standards in university education, provide financial assistance,
and promote research.
All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) - 1987: AICTE regulates
technical education in India, ensuring quality standards in engineering,
technology, and management courses.
National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) - 1995: NCTE was set up to
regulate teacher education programs across the country, ensuring quality in
teacher preparation.
National Board of Accreditation (NBA) - 1994: The NBA was established to
accredit technical programs in engineering and other fields, ensuring they meet
quality standards.

Q40. The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) was

launched by which ministry of India?
A) Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD)
B) Ministry of Education (MOE)
C) Ministry of Science and Technology
D) Ministry of Commerce and Industry

Answer: B) Ministry of Education (MOE)

Explanation:
The NIRF was launched by the Ministry of Education (formerly MHRD) in 2015 to
rank higher education institutions in India.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q41. Who referred to the Education Despatch of 1854 as the "Magna

Carta of Indian Education" in his work A History of Missions in India?
A) J. Richter
B) M.R. Paranjpe
C) Lord Ellenborough
D) Sir Charles Wood

Answer: A) J. Richter
Explanation:
J. Richter, in his book A History of Missions in India, described the Education
Despatch of 1854 as the "Magna Carta of Indian Education." This Despatch,
issued under Lord Dalhousie and Sir Charles Wood, played a crucial role in
shaping the educational system in India during the colonial era.

Q42. Who, during British rule in India, is credited with shifting the focus
of young Indians from Western education to Oriental education?
A) Macauley
B) Dalhousie
C) Annie Besant
D) Fergusson

Correct Answer: C) Annie Besant

Explanation:
Annie Besant, a prominent theosophist and nationalist, played a key role in
shifting the focus of young Indians from Western education to Oriental education
during British rule. She was a strong advocate for Indian culture and spirituality,
and founded schools that prioritized the study of Indian knowledge and
traditions, thereby promoting Oriental education.

Q43. Which of the following are the objectives of higher education in

India ?
(a) Access
(b) Equity
(c) Quality and Excellence
(d) Relevance
(e) Value based education
(f) Compulsory and free education
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
A) (a), (b) and (e) only
B) (a), (b), (e) and (f)
C) (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e)
D) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f)

Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The key objectives of higher education in India focus on access to education for
all, ensuring equity across diverse groups, maintaining quality and excellence in
education, aligning education with relevance to societal needs, and promoting
value-based education. Compulsory and free education primarily applies to the
elementary education stage and is not a direct objective of higher education.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q44. According to the Economic Survey 2023-24, what was the total
enrolment in higher education in India for the fiscal year 2022-23?
A) 4.14 crore
B) 4.33 crore
C) 3.42 crore
D) 5.00 crore

Answer: B) 4.33 crore

Explanation:
The total enrolment in higher education in India reached approximately 4.33
crore in FY22, marking a 26.5% increase since FY15, as per the Economic
Survey 2023-24.

Q45. As per the Economic Survey 2023-24, which initiative was

mentioned to boost research and innovation in higher education?
A) National Research Foundation (NRF)
B) National Educational Policy (NEP)
C) Atal Innovation Mission
D) Digital India Initiative

Answer: A) National Research Foundation (NRF)

Explanation:
The Economic Survey highlights the establishment of the National Research
Foundation (NRF) to promote research and innovation in Indian higher
education.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q46. Which of the following is a key recommendation of the Economic

Survey 2023-24 for improving the quality of higher education?
A) Increase in public-private partnerships
B) Focus on vocational training
C) Promotion of interdisciplinary education
D) Establishment of more universities

Answer: C) Promotion of interdisciplinary education

Explanation:
The Economic Survey emphasizes the need to promote interdisciplinary
education to improve the quality of higher education in India.

Q47. In the Economic Survey 2023-24, which initiative is mentioned to

support higher education in India?
A) Smart India Hackathon
B) Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)
C) Digital India Initiative
D) Make in India

Answer: B) Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)

Explanation:
The Economic Survey mentions RUSA as a significant initiative to support higher
education in India by improving infrastructure and quality.

Q47. By how much has the Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) in India
increased from FY11 to FY21?
A) ₹60,196.8 crore to ₹80,000 crore
B) ₹60,196.8 crore to ₹127,381 crore
C) ₹50,000 crore to ₹100,000 crore
D) ₹40,000 crore to ₹90,000 crore

Answer: B) ₹60,196.8 crore to ₹127,381 crore

Explanation:
GERD in India has more than doubled from ₹60,196.8 crore in FY11 to ₹127,381
crore in FY21.

Q48. Which of the following initiatives is aimed at providing flexibility

and creative combinations of subjects in higher education?
A) National Credit Framework (NCrF)
B) National Higher Education Qualification Framework (NHEQF)
C) Academic Bank of Credit (ABC)
D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation:
The Department of Higher Education has implemented NCrF, NHEQF, and ABC to
allow flexibility in subject combinations, ensuring multiple pathways for
students.

Q49. What is the primary aim of embedding the Indian Knowledge

System in higher education?
A) To improve global rankings of Indian universities
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

B) To preserve and promote traditional Indian knowledge

C) To offer more technical courses
D) To align courses with Western education standards

Answer: B) To preserve and promote traditional Indian knowledge

Explanation:
The embedding of the Indian Knowledge System aims to preserve and promote
India's rich traditional knowledge in the education system.

Q50. In the context of Higher Education, which national body or

organization was directed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court to design and
implement a course on Environmental Education?
A) UGC
B) NCTE
C) NCERT
D) AICTE

Correct Answer: A) UGC

Explanation:
The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India instructed the University Grants Commission
(UGC) to develop and mandate a compulsory six-module course on
Environmental Studies for undergraduate programs across all disciplines. The
UGC, as the apex regulatory body for higher education in India, is entrusted with
ensuring the quality and standards of education in universities and colleges.

Q51. Which of the following is a digital platform launched by UGC for

enhancing employability skills among students?
A) e-PG Pathshala
B) Bharat Skills
C) NIPUN Bharat
D) CU-Chayan

Answer: D) CU-Chayan
Explanation:
CU-Chayan is a centralized recruitment portal launched by UGC to streamline the
hiring process and improve transparency in the selection of faculty in central
universities.

Q52. Which scheme in India grants 20 institutions complete autonomy?

A) National Credit Framework
B) Institutions of Eminence (IoE) Scheme
C) National Digital Library
D) Study in India Program

Answer: B) Institutions of Eminence (IoE) Scheme

Explanation:
The Institutions of Eminence (IoE) Scheme was launched in 2018 to provide 20
select institutions with full autonomy. These institutions are granted financial
assistance and greater operational freedom, enabling them to improve the
quality of education and research to compete globally.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q53. Which government initiative helps students pursue basic sciences

and research careers?
(a) SWAYAM
(b) SHE under INSPIRE
(c) Study in India Program
(d) NIRF

Answer: (b) SHE under INSPIRE

Explanation:
The SHE under INSPIRE (Science, Humanities, and Engineering) scholarship
program is designed to encourage students to pursue careers in basic sciences
and research. It provides financial support and opportunities to students
interested in science-related academic fields.

Q54. What is the key purpose of the National Credit Framework (NCrF)?
A) Provide funding for research projects
B) Integrate training and skill development into education
C) Set up new universities in rural areas
D) Improve faculty standards

Answer: B) Integrate training and skill development into education

Explanation:
The National Credit Framework (NCrF) aims to integrate skill development and
formal education. It allows students to earn digital credits for skills and training,
making it easier for them to accumulate and transfer credits across educational
institutions and professional training programs.

Q55. Which of the following is a major challenge in the Indian higher

education system?
A) Over-enrolment in government universities
B) Lack of faculty shortage and research focus
C) Excessive focus on practical training
D) Poor student participation in research

Answer: B) Lack of faculty shortage and research focus

Explanation:
A major challenge in the Indian higher education system is the shortage of
qualified faculty members and the insufficient emphasis on research and
innovation. This gap affects the overall quality of education and limits India's
global research output.

Q56. The "Study in India" program aims to:

A) Increase the number of international students in Indian institutions
B) Provide free education for Indian students abroad
C) Restrict foreign universities from operating in India
D) Enhance local university rankings

Answer: A) Increase the number of international students in Indian institutions

Explanation:
The "Study in India" program aims to attract international students by offering
scholarships and simplifying the admission process. This initiative seeks to
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

enhance India's position as a global education hub and strengthen its

universities' international reach.

Q57. What is the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for the age group 18-23
years in India for higher education as of 2021-22?
A) 32%
B) 28.4%
C) 35%
D) 40%

Answer: B) 28.4%
Explanation:
The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for the age group 18-23 years in India stood
at 28.4% for the year 2021-22, which indicates the percentage of the eligible
age group enrolled in higher education institutions across the country.

Q58. Which institution retained the top position in the Overall Category
for six consecutive years (2019-2024)?
A) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
B) Indian Institute of Technology Madras
C) Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad
D) Jamia Hamdard

Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
IIT Madras held the 1st position in the Overall Category for six years (2019-
2024), maintaining its status as the top institution in India’s higher education
landscape.

Q59. Which new category was added to the India Rankings 2024?
A) Research Universities
B) Open Universities
C) Private Universities
D) International Universities

Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Open Universities was introduced in 2024 as a new category, allowing these
institutions to be assessed alongside others in higher education rankings.

Q60. What is the total number of unique institutions that applied for
rankings in 2024?
A) 4,517
B) 6,517
C) 8,000
D) 10,845

Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
A total of 6,517 unique institutions applied for the 2024 India Rankings,
indicating a growing interest and participation in the ranking process.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q61. Which institution topped the medical category for the seventh
consecutive year (2018-2024)?
A) AIIMS, New Delhi
B) Jamia Hamdard
C) Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
D) Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
AIIMS, New Delhi, retained its top position in the medical category from 2018 to
2024, reaffirming its leadership in healthcare education.

Q62. Which institution topped the State Public Universities category in

India Rankings 2024?
A) IIT Madras
B) Anna University, Chennai
C) IGNOU
D) IIT Kanpur

Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Anna University, Chennai, ranked first in the newly introduced State Public
Universities category, highlighting its academic excellence.

Q63. What is the increase in the number of unique institutions

participating in the rankings from 2016 to 2024?
A) 50%
B) 168.63%
C) 100%
D) 204.21%

Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The participation of unique institutions increased by 168.63% from 2016 to
2024, reflecting the growing recognition and importance of the rankings.

Q64. Which institution ranked first in the Skill Universities category in

India Rankings 2024?
A) Symbiosis Skill and Professional University
B) Anna University
C) IGNOU
D) IIT Madras

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Symbiosis Skill and Professional University (SSPU) ranked first in
the newly introduced Skill Universities category in 2024.

Q65. Which domain in India Rankings 2024 had an increase in the

number of institutions ranked from 75 to 100?
1) Medical
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

2) Management
3) Pharmacy
4) Engineering

Correct code:
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 1 and 3
D) 2 and 4

Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Management and Pharmacy domains saw an increase in the number of
institutions ranked from 75 to 100, showcasing growth in these areas.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q66. What does the term ‘Autonomous Colleges’ refer to in India’s

higher education system?
A) Colleges that are self-financed
B) Colleges that have the freedom to design their own curriculum
C) Colleges that operate independently of UGC
D) Colleges established by the central government

Answer: B) Colleges that have the freedom to design their own curriculum
Explanation:
Autonomous Colleges are granted the autonomy to design their own curriculum,
conduct examinations, and have some control over their academic activities.

Q67. Which regulatory body is responsible for the accreditation of

teacher education institutions in India?
A) UGC
B) NAAC
C) NCTE
D) AICTE

Answer: C) NCTE
Explanation:
The National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) is responsible for the
accreditation and regulation of teacher education institutions in India.

Q68. Which of the following statements are correct about the National
Assessment and Accreditation Council?
1. It is an autonomous institution.
2. It is tasked with the responsibility of assessing and accrediting
institutions of higher education.
3. It is in Delhi.
4. It has regional offices.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

A) 1 and 3
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 2 and 4
D) 2,3 and 4

Answer: A
Explanation:
It is an autonomous institution – NAAC is an autonomous body under UGC.
It is tasked with the responsibility of assessing and accrediting institutions of
higher education – This is the primary function of NAAC.
It is in Delhi – This is incorrect; NAAC's headquarters is in Bangalore.
It has regional offices – NAAC has regional offices in various parts of India to
facilitate its operations.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q69. Which of the following is true regarding the National Institutional

Ranking Framework (NIRF)?
1) It was launched by the Ministry of Education in 2015.
2) It includes rankings based on only academic performance.
3) It evaluates institutions on multiple parameters, including
teaching, learning, and resources.
4) It covers only universities and not colleges.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 1 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 1, 2, and 4

Answer: (B) 1 and 3

Explanation:
The NIRF was launched by the Ministry of Education in 2015 and evaluates
institutions across multiple parameters, including teaching, learning, and
resources. It also includes rankings for both universities and colleges.

Q70. Which of the following statements is true about the Rashtriya

Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)?
1. It aims to provide financial assistance to state universities and
colleges.
2. It is a central government scheme.
3. It was launched in 2014 to enhance quality and equity in higher
education.
4. It is focused on private universities only.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 1 and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 3 and 4

Answer: (A) 1, 2, and 3

Explanation:
RUSA is a central government scheme launched in 2014 that provides financial
assistance to state universities and colleges to improve their quality and equity.

Q71. The National Board of Accreditation (NBA) is responsible for

accrediting which type of institutions?
1. All government institutions
2. Only medical colleges
3. Engineering and technical education institutions
4. Private universities only

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

A) 1 and 3
B) 2 and 4
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

C) 3 and 4
D) 1 and 2

Answer: (C) 3 and 4

Explanation:
The NBA is responsible for accrediting engineering and technical education
institutions, including private institutions, ensuring they meet quality standards
in technical education.

Q72. How many institutions are exclusively for women according to

AISHE 2021-22?
A) 17 Universities and 4,470 Colleges
B) 20 Universities and 3,000 Colleges
C) 14 Universities and 4,000 Colleges
D) 10 Universities and 3,500 Colleges

Answer: A) 17 Universities and 4,470 Colleges

Explanation:
According to the AISHE report, 17 universities (14 State Public Universities) and
4,470 colleges are exclusively for women.

Q73. Which of the following Indian institutions are featured in the top
100 ranks of QS World University Rankings?
A) IIT-Bombay, IIT-Delhi, and IIT-Madras

IIT-Kharagpur, IIT-Guwahati, and IIT-Madras

B) AIIMS-Delhi and IIT-Delhi
C) IIM-Ahmedabad and IIT-Kharagpur

Answer: A) IIT-Bombay, IIT-Delhi, and IIT-Madras

Explanation:
Seven Indian institutions, including IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, and IIT Madras,
feature in the top 100 of QS World University Rankings.

Q74. Which subject was NOT primarily taught at the ancient Indian
university of Takshashila?
A) Vedic studies
B) Medicine
C) Politics
D) Astronomy

Answer: D) Astronomy
Explanation:
Takshashila mainly offered courses in Vedic studies, medicine, and politics but
was not known for astronomy as a major subject.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q75. Which of the following scholars was associated with the education
system during the reign of Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq?

A) Al-Biruni
B) Amir Khusrow
C) Ibn Battuta
D) Ziauddin Barani

Answer: D) Ziauddin Barani

Explanation:
Ziauddin Barani was a prominent scholar during Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s reign, who
wrote about history and the education system of his time.

Q76. Which of the following was NOT a feature of the colonial higher
education system in India?
A) Promotion of scientific and technical education
B) English as the medium of instruction
C) Emphasis on Western thought and philosophy
D) Focus on the indigenous Indian knowledge systems

Answer: (D) Focus on the indigenous Indian knowledge systems

Explanation:
The colonial education system focused on Western knowledge and English,
neglecting traditional Indian educational systems.

Q77. The University of Madras was established under the

recommendations of which of the following?
A) The Radhakrishnan Commission
B) The Macaulay Minute
C) The Wood’s Despatch
D) The Hunter Commission

Answer: (C) The Wood’s Despatch

Explanation:
The University of Madras was established in 1857, as part of the
recommendations of the Wood's Despatch to promote higher education in India.

Q78. Which Act passed in 1835 laid the foundation for the modern
system of education in colonial India?
A) Charter Act of 1833
B) The Indian Education Act
C) Macaulay’s Minute on Education
D) The Radhakrishnan Commission

Answer: C) Macaulay’s Minute on Education

Explanation:
The 1835 Minute by Lord Macaulay advocated for English education, establishing
English as the medium of instruction for higher education.

Q79. Who was the first Indian to be appointed as the Vice-Chancellor of

a British-established university?
A) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

B) C.R. Das
C) Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee
D) Lala Lajpat Rai

Answer: C) Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee

Explanation:
Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee became the first Indian Vice-Chancellor of the University
of Calcutta in 1906.

Q80. The first Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) was established in

which year?
A) 1920
B) 1951
C) 1961
D) 1947

Answer: (B) 1951

Explanation:
The first IIT was established in Kharagpur in 1951, although its roots trace back
to the colonial era's focus on technical education.

Q81. Who was the founder of the first English-medium school in India
during British rule?
A) Raja Rammohan Roy
B) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
C) William Carey
D) Swami Vivekananda

Answer: C) William Carey

Explanation:
William Carey established the first English-medium school in India in 1806,
promoting the spread of Western education.

Q82. Which of the following was a major contribution of the Wood's

Despatch of 1854 in shaping the modern educational system in colonial
India?
A) Establishment of the first English-language school in India
B) Promoting the creation of universities and the introduction of a
more structured educational system
C) Focusing exclusively on vocational training for Indian students
D) Encouraging the use of indigenous languages for academic
purposes

Answer: (B) Promoting the creation of universities and the introduction of a

more structured educational system
Explanation:
The Wood's Despatch of 1854 is considered a cornerstone in the development of
the modern education system in India, emphasizing the creation of universities,
improving teacher training, and promoting a structured educational system.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q83. What was the primary goal behind the establishment of the Asiatic
Society of Bengal by William Jones in 1784?
A) To promote Western education in India
B) To encourage Oriental studies and translate significant Sanskrit
works
C) To introduce modern science and technology to India
D) To organize trade and commerce between India and Europe

Answer: B) To encourage Oriental studies and translate significant Sanskrit

works
Explanation:
The Asiatic Society of Bengal, established by William Jones in 1784, aimed to
encourage the study of Oriental languages, cultures, and histories. It played a
significant role in translating major Sanskrit works and contributing to the
academic understanding of India’s ancient traditions.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q84. Which of the following is the central principle of the Wardha

Scheme of Education (1937)?
A) Education through rote learning
B) Education through manual labor and activity
C) Education based on religious teachings
D) Education only for urban children

Answer: B) Education through manual labor and activity

Explanation:
The Wardha Scheme, proposed by Mahatma Gandhi in 1937, emphasized
'learning through activity' as the core principle. It advocated for free and
compulsory education in the mother tongue, with a focus on manual labor and
practical skills, making education self-supporting and intertwined with
community and village life.

Q85. Which of the following is true about the National Initiative for
School Heads' and Teachers' Holistic Advancement (NISHTHA)?
A) NISHTHA aims to improve the overall quality of higher education
in India.
B) NISHTHA is a program aimed at enhancing the skills of school
teachers and heads through training.
C) NISHTHA only focuses on online learning methods for teachers.
D) NISHTHA is focused on teacher recruitment policies.

Answer: B) NISHTHA is a program aimed at enhancing the skills of school

teachers and heads through training.
Explanation:
NISHTHA is a national initiative launched by the Ministry of Education, aimed at
improving the quality of school education by providing training to teachers and
school heads. It focuses on enhancing the professional development of educators
to ensure effective teaching and leadership in schools.

Q86. Which of the following is an initiative under PARAKH to enhance

educational assessments?
A) National Curriculum Framework for Assessment
B) Annual Student Survey for Holistic Education
C) Establishment of National Assessment Centres
D) National Benchmarking of Student Performance

Answer: C) Establishment of National Assessment Centres

Explanation:
One of the key aspects of PARAKH is the establishment of National Assessment
Centres that help develop and promote effective and innovative assessment
practices across educational institutions.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q87. Which of the following constitutional provisions influence

education in India?
1. Directive Principles of State Policy
2. Rural and Urban Local Bodies
3. Fifth Schedule
4. Sixth Schedule
5. Seventh Schedule

Choose the correct answer from the options below:

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 3, 4, and 5 only
C) 1, 2, and 5 only
D) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Answer: D
Explanation:
The provisions mentioned in the question have a significant role in shaping
education in India. The Directive Principles of State Policy guide the state to
promote education. Rural and Urban Local Bodies are involved in implementing
education policies at the grassroots level. The Fifth and Sixth Schedules deal
with tribal areas and regions with special needs, ensuring education is accessible
to all. The Seventh Schedule divides responsibilities between the Union and
State Governments, which includes education-related subjects, making all five
provisions relevant. Hence, the correct answer is D.

Q88. Which of the following statements is true regarding the current

state of higher education in India?
A. Around 30% of universities and colleges in India are unaccredited.
B. The majority of private institutions focus solely on academic
excellence.
C. Only 45% of engineering colleges meet industry standards.
D. The regulatory framework has ensured quality control during the
phase of expansion.

Answer: A) Around 30% of universities and colleges in India are unaccredited.

Explanation:
Around 30% of universities and colleges in India remain unaccredited according
to the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), which reflects a
significant gap in quality assurance and compliance with national education
policies. The concern is that many institutions have not met the required
accreditation standards, hindering their overall educational quality.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q89. What is a major concern highlighted regarding private institutions

in India’s higher education sector?
A) The focus is more on profit maximization than academic
excellence.
B) Private institutions are leading the effort in ensuring quality
education.
C) All private institutions meet industry standards.
D) Private institutions are less prone to academic malpractices.

Answer: A) The focus is more on profit maximization than academic excellence.

Explanation:
Many private institutions in India prioritize profit maximization over academic
excellence. This focus leads to compromised teaching and learning standards,
affecting the overall quality of education and producing graduates who may
struggle with employability due to inadequate preparation for industry demands.

Q90. Which of the following are major weaknesses in India's

entrepreneurship ecosystem?
1. Universities lack adequate entrepreneurship support and
incubation facilities.
2. The academic environment does not encourage innovation and
risk-taking.
3. Limited industry connections restrict mentorship opportunities for
student entrepreneurs.
4. The total early-stage entrepreneurship (TEA) rate in India was
only 11.5% in 2022–23.

Select the correct answer from the options below:

A. 1, 2, and 3 only
B. 2, 3, and 4 only
C. 1, 3, and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3, and 4

Answer: D) 1, 2, 3, and 4
Explanation:
India’s entrepreneurship ecosystem faces several challenges, including
inadequate academic support, lack of incubation facilities, insufficient focus on
fostering innovation and risk-taking, and limited industry connections. The rate
of early-stage entrepreneurship in India is also low, at just 11.5% in 2022–23,
reflecting the overall weakness in nurturing entrepreneurial talent.

Q91. Which of the following factors contribute to the inadequate public

funding for higher education in India?
1. Chronic underfunding of state universities.
2. Reliance on student fees for funding.
3. Decrease in allocation for Higher Education in 2024-25 by 17%.
4. Allocation to UGC expected to decrease by 61%.

Select the correct answer from the options below:

A) 1, 2, and 3 only
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

B) 2, 3, and 4 only
C) 1, 3, and 4 only
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Answer: D) 1, 2, 3, and 4
Explanation:
Inadequate public funding has led to compromised infrastructure, research, and
faculty quality, particularly in state universities. Reliance on student fees
exacerbates the affordability issue, and the overall funding allocation for higher
education is expected to decrease in 2024-25, impacting the University Grants
Commission (UGC) as well.

Q92. What is a consequence of the inadequate funding model in India's

higher education system?
1. Universities rely heavily on student fees, increasing the cost of
education.
2. Chronic underfunding leads to deteriorating infrastructure and
research facilities.
3. Faculty quality and academic standards in state universities are
compromised.
4. Funding allocation to higher education is increasing in 2024-25.

Select the correct answer from the options below:

A) 1, 2, and 3 only
B) 1, 2, and 4 only
C) 2, 3, and 4 only
D) 1, 3, and 4 only

Answer: A) 1, 2, and 3 only

Explanation:
The inadequate funding model forces universities to rely on student fees, making
education less affordable. These chronic underfunding impacts infrastructure,
research, and faculty quality, especially in state universities. Additionally, the
funding allocation for 2024-25 is estimated to decrease, exacerbating these
issues.

Q93. Which of the following statements are true regarding STEM

education in India?
1. STEM education is limited to theoretical concepts.
2. Research-based learning is an integral part of STEM courses.
3. Well-equipped laboratories play a role in enhancing learning.
4. STEM courses do not focus on innovation or problem-solving skills.

Select the correct answer from the options below:

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2, 3, and 4 only
C) 1 and 4 only
D) 2 and 3 only

Answer: D) 2 and 3 only

UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Explanation:
STEM education in India includes research-based learning and utilizes well-
equipped laboratories to foster skills like innovation and problem-solving,
contrary to focusing solely on theoretical aspects.

Q94. What is one major consequence of inadequate public funding for

higher education in India?
1. Increased focus on research and faculty development.
2. Dependency on student fees, making education less affordable.
3. Significant improvement in infrastructure and academic standards.
4. Enhanced access to quality education for all socio-economic
groups.

A) 1 and 4 only
B) 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1 and 3 only

Answer: B) 2 only
Explanation:
Inadequate funding forces institutions to rely on student fees, reducing
affordability. It negatively impacts infrastructure, research, and faculty quality,
rather than improving them.

Q95. By what percentage is the allocation towards the University Grants

Commission (UGC) estimated to reduce in 2024-25 compared to 2023-
24?
1. 17%
2. 25%
3. 61%
4. 50%

Options:
A) 1 only
B) 3 only
C) 2 and 4 only
D) 1 and 3 only

Answer: B) 3 only

Explanation:
The allocation for the UGC in 2024-25 is projected to decline by 61%,
significantly impacting its ability to support higher education institutions
effectively.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q96. During the colonial period, which initiative was pivotal in

introducing Western education to India?
1. Wardha Scheme of Education
2. Wood’s Despatch of 1854
3. Macaulay’s Minute of 1835
4. Hunter Commission of 1882

Options:
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 3 only
D) 3 and 4 only

Answer: B) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:
Macaulay's Minute of 1835 emphasized English education, while Wood’s
Despatch of 1854 laid the foundation for a structured system of Western
education in India.
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Q97. Which of the following features were associated with the Wardha
Scheme of Education (1937)?
1. Basic craft as the centre of education
2. Emphasis on self-supporting education
3. Compulsory religious education
4. Education in the mother tongue

Options:
A) 1, 2, and 4 only
B) 1, 2, 3, and 4
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 2 and 4 only

Answer: A) 1, 2, and 4 only

Explanation:
The Wardha Scheme focused on learning through activity, self-sustenance, and
education in the mother tongue, while explicitly excluding religious instruction.

Q98. Post-independence, which commission made significant

recommendations for restructuring India’s higher education system?
1. Hunter Commission (1882)
2. Radha Krishnan Commission (1948–49)
3. Kothari Commission (1964–66)
4. Wood’s Despatch (1854)

Options:
A) 1 and 3 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 2 only
D) 3 and 4 only

Answer: B) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:
The Radha Krishnan Commission focused on higher education reforms
immediately post-independence, while the Kothari Commission suggested
integration of educational policies at all levels.

Q99. What was the primary purpose of the Hunter Commission of 1882?
1. Promoting primary education
2. Encouraging vernacular education
3. Reviewing the functioning of universities
4. Establishing technical institutes

Options:
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 3 and 4 only
D) 1 and 4 only
UGC NET- Paper 1- Higher Education System MCQ Free e-book

Answer: A) 1 and 2 only

Explanation:
The Hunter Commission emphasized improving primary and vernacular
education, particularly for rural masses, under British rule.

Q100. Which post-independence policy first emphasized the importance

of "inclusive education" in India?
1. National Policy on Education, 1968
2. National Policy on Education, 1986
3. Kothari Commission (1964–66)
4. National Education Policy, 2020

Options:
A) 1 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 2 only
D) 4 only

Answer: B) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:
The National Policy on Education, 1986, and the Kothari Commission highlighted
inclusive education, focusing on accessibility and equity for marginalized groups.
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