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ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

PHYSICS 1:
(For Both School and Private Candidates)
Time: 3 Hours Saturday, 13rd Dec 2024
Instructions
1. This Paper consists of five printed pages with ten (10) questions.
2. Answer only all questions. Marks are indicated for each part of a respective question.
3. Mathematical table and non-programmable calculators may be used.
4. Cellular phone and any unauthorized material are not allowed in the examination room.
5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s)
6. The following information may be useful:
(a) Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s T
(b) Radius of the earth, R U = 6.4 ×× 10X m.
(c) Stefan’s constant σ = 5.7 × 10Z[ WmZ\ K ] .
(d) Universal gravitational constant G = 6.7 × 10Z\\ NmZT kg ZT .
(e) Specific heat capacity of copper C^_ = 3.7 × 10T JKg Z\ K Z\ .
(f) Density of copper ρ^_ = 8.93 × 10b kgmZb
(g) Electronic charge of an electron, e = 1.6 × 10Z\c C.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Qn No Tick the attemped Qn Marks Signature
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Page 1 of 5
SECTION A (70 marks)
Answer All questions from this section

1. (a) (i) State Newton’s laws of linear motion (3 marks)

(ii) Consider a double-incline plane with angles, masses, and coefficients of
friction as shown in Fig. 1. Calculate the acceleration of the system. (3 marks)

Figure 1
(b) i) State the perpendicular and parallel axes theorems. (2 marks)
(ii) Calculate the moment of inertia of the thin disc of mass 0.04kg and radius
0.05 m rotating about axis along its diameter. (2 marks)

2. (a) State the Kepler’s laws of planetary motion (3 marks)

(b) (i) What is escape velocity? (1 mark)
(ii) If earth has a mass 9 times and radius twice that of the planet Mars, calculate
the velocity required by a rocket to pull out of the gravitational forces of mars.
Take escape velocity on the surface of earth to be 11.2km/s (2 marks)

(c) (i) Explain why a body moving with a constant speed in a circular path have
acceleration? (1 mark)

(ii) A small sphere is attached to a fixed point by a string of length 30 cm and

tension in the string when the sphere is at the lowest point is three times the
tension when the sphere is at its highest point. Find the speed of the sphere at the
highest point. (3 marks)

3. (a) (i)Explain two uses of dimension analysis. )

(ii)By supporting with one example, state any difference between precision and
accuracy.

(b) (i) In optical experiment, the focal length of the spherical mirror was found to
be and the image distance was . What was
the object distance obtained from the experiment?
(ii) After being deformed, a spherical drop liquid will execute periodic vibrations
about its sphere. The frequency, of vibrations of drop will depend on the
surface tension, of the drop, its density, and the radius, of the drop. Using
dimensional analysis, obtain the expression of the frequency, interms of the related

Page 2 of 5
physical quantities.

4. (a) (i) Explain any two application of the projectile motion.

(ii) Describe the factors which affect the span of a jump.

(iii) Prove that the projectile motion is a parabolic motion.
(iv) A particle is projected so as to pass through two points whose horizontal and
vertical distances from the point of projection are and .
Calculate the initial projected velocity and its direction.
(b) (i) Explain what could happen to a body executing simple harmonic motion if
there could be no restoring force.
(ii) A simple harmonic motion obeys the equation, , show that
where is the velocity, is the amplitude and is the
displacement.

5. (a) (i) What is meant by a term thermometric property? (1 mark)

(ii) Mention two advantage of constant volume gas thermometer over liquid in
glass thermometer. (1 mark)
(b) A copper constantan thermocouple with its cold junction at 0oC, had an emf of
4.28mV when its hot junction was at 100oC. The emf became 9.24mV when the
temperature of that junction was 200oC. If the emf E, is related to the temperature
θ between the hot and cold junctions by the equation; θ θ
(i) Calculate the value of and . (3 marks)
(ii) Calculate the range of temperature in which E may be assumed to be
proportional to θ within an error of more than 1%. (2 marks)

(c) Two rods having thermal conductivity in the ratio 5:3 and having equal lengths
and cross sectional area is joined face to face. If the temperature of free end of the
1st is at 100oc and the free end of the other end is at 20oc. Calculate the
temperature at the junction. (3 marks)

6. (a) (i) State the first law of thermodynamics and define all the terms involved in.
(2 marks)
(ii) What is the difference between isothermal and adiabatic process? (2 marks)
(iii) Why is the energy needed to raise the temperature of a fixed mass of a gas by
a specific amount is greater if the pressure is kept constant than when the volume
is kept constant. (2 marks)

(b) (i) State Stefan’s law of blackbody radiation (1 mark)

(ii) A solid copper sphere of diameter 10mm is cooled to a temperature of 150K
and is then placed in an enclosure maintained at 290K. Assuming that all
interchange of heat is by radiation; calculate the initial rate of the rise of
temperature of the sphere. The sphere may be treated as a black body. (3 marks)

7. (a) Explain the following terms as applied in earth quake.

Page 3 of 5
(i) Earth quake
(ii) Focus
(iii) Epicentre
(iv) Boundary
(b) (i) Describe the causes of Earth quake.
(ii) After the eruption of Earthquake, few seconds later the geologist found that
the effect was recorded at a point of from the epicentre and the
epicentre distance of . Determine the distance directly from the point
to the focus.

SECTION B (30 marks)

Answer any two (2) questions from this section

(a) (i) Give the name of energy produced by the kinetic energy of moving electric
charges.
(ii) The electrons of charge, are flowing through a conductor of length, and
cross sectional area, . Show that the resistance of the conductor is given by
the expression where the mass of an electron is, is the number of
electrons per unit volume and is the relaxation time.
(b) (i) Wheatstone bridge is the foremost application of Kirchhoff’s law, with a well
labelled diagram brief explain how it works.
(ii) The resistance of copper windings in a certain motor is found to be at
room temperature . When operating at full load under steady state
conditions, the motor is switched off and the resistance of the windings,
immediately measured again, is found to be . What is the temperature
attained by the coil during full load?
(c) (i) Define continuous spectra and name three examples of this type of emission
spectra.
(ii) An peak voltage of is connected to resistor. On the same axis
sketch the current and voltage wave forms and hence otherwise find the
power dissipated in resistor.

9. (a) (i) With examples, define active and passive components.

(ii) What is the output characteristic of a transistor. Give a sketch to support
your answer.
(b) (i) In a transistor circuit, of holes reach the collector. If the collector
current is . Calculate the emitter and base currents.
(ii) Name the condition in which the transistor acts as amplifier?
(c) (i) With diagrams, explain the differences between Light emitting diode,
and Light Dependent Resistor, .

Page 4 of 5
(ii) The Zener diode shown in figure has zero Zener resistance and a Knee
current of . The minimum value of so that the voltage across it does
not fall below .

Figure 2
10. (a) (i) What is the virtual point of operational amplifier?

(ii) The negative feedback reduces the gain of operational amplifier while the
positive feedback increases the gain, However the negative feedback is
highly preferred. Account two reasons.
(b) The circuit in the figure below shows the op-amp used as a voltage comparator.
The resistance of the thermistor, shown decreases with increasing temperature.
With the resistor cold the output voltage is at maximum , the power supply
being and .

Figure 3
(i) What is the voltage at the inverting input of the op-amp?
(ii) What voltage would the non-inverting input have to reach for the output to
switch to maximum ?
(iii) What would be the resistance of the thermistor at this point?
(c) (i) Construct the gate using only and gates.

(ii) What are two advantages of Frequency modulation, over the Amplitude
modulation, of a communication signal?

Page 5 of 5