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10 views

economics

Uploaded by

karthikchmvj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PLANT DESIGN AND ECONOMICS

1) DESIGN ENGINEER : Chemical engineer will be making economic evaluations of new processes,
designing individual pieces of equipment for the proposed new venture, or developing a plant layout
for coordination of the overall operation. Because of these many design duties, the chemical
engineer is many times referred to here as a design engineer.
2) COST ENGINEER : On the other hand, a chemical engineer specializing in the economic aspects of
the design is often referred to as a cost engineer.
3) PROCESS ENGINEER : The term process engineering is used in connection with economic
evaluation and general economic analyses of industrial processes, while process design refers to
the actual design of the equipment and facilities necessary for carrying out the process.
4) PROCESS DESIGN DEVELOPMENT:
 First inception of the basic idea.
 Then process-research phase including preliminary market surveys, laboratory-scale experiments,
and production of research samples.
 Development phase: At this point, a pilot plant or a commercialdevelopment plant may be
constructed. A pilot plant is a small-scale replica of the full-scale final plant, while a commercial-
development plant is usually made from odd pieces of equipment which are already available and
is not meant to duplicate the exact setup to be used in the full-scale plant.
 Capital-cost estimates for the proposed plant are made. Probable returns on the required
investment are determined, and a complete cost-and-profit analysis of the process is developed.

Chapter 2: PROCESS DESIGN DEVELOPMENT


1) Raw materials (availability, quantity, quality, cost)
2) Thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions involved (equilibrium, yields, rates, optimum
conditions)
3) Facilities and equipment available at present
4) Facilities and equipment which must be purchased
5) Estimation of production costs and total investment
6) Profits (probable and optimum, per pound of product and per year, return on investment)
7) Materials of construction
8) Safety considerations
9) Markets (present and future supply and demand, present uses, new uses, present buying habits,
price range for products and by-products, character, location, and number of possible customers)
10) Competition (overall production statistics, comparison of various manufacturing processes, product
specifications of competitors)
11) Properties of products (chemical and physical properties, specifications, impurities, effects of
storage)
12) Sales and sales service (method of selling and distributing, advertising required, technical services
required)
13) Shipping restrictions and containers
14) Plant location
15) Patent situation and legal restrictions

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