Reading and Writing Skills

Context of
Text
Development
APRIL JOY A. AGUAS
Lesson
Objectives
Print reading

Which is better
to read?
Print reading?
Digital reading?

Digital reading
These are examples of e-reading resources, whether we like it or not
with the rapidly changing times brought by technological
breakthrough, our reading materials have not only changed, even
the way we READ MATERIALS.
There is always an inspiration behind
the writing of a text, and often, it
leaves clues about the situation or
the reality that served as the
backdrop of the text. This backdrop,
this situation, this reality is known as
the context of the text
What is a Context?
is defined as the social, cultural,
political, historical and other related
circumstances that surround the text
and form the terms from which it can
be better understood and evaluated
through hypertext and intertext.
What is a Context?
In writing, context refers to
information that helps readers
accurately interpret the meaning
of a text.
Knowledge of the text’s
context helps in appreciating
the text’s message more
deeply.
In discovering a reading
context, you may ask
questions like:
• When was the work written?
• What were the
circumstances that
produced it?
• What issues does it deal
with?
In the conventional or traditional reading,
we read linear text…

Linear Text refers to the traditional text that

needs to be read from beginning to the
end. This type of text has an order or
sequence.
• Typically, the author decides the order of
the text or its’ reading path.

• Generally, text printed on paper (novels,

poems, short stories, letters, educational
texts) are considered as linear text
• We need to follow or read line by line so
that we can understand the text.

• BUT IN THE NEW TREND, WE HAVE THE NEW

SYSTEM...THE NON – LINEAR WAY OF
READING THROUGH THE USE OF LINKS
CALLED HYPERTEXT
What is a Hypertext?
From the dictionary

Hyper – above, beyond, super

Example : hyperactive, hypermarket

What is a Hypertext?
From the dictionary

Text – the original words and form of

a written or printed work
- letter or combination of letters to
transfer a meaning
So what is HYPERTEXT?
It is something beyond text.
More than simple, plain or
ordinary text.
HYPERTEXT
Nelson (1987) described
hypertext as a series of chunks
connected by links that offer
readers different pathways.
HYPERTEXT
Is when you type a word and
attach a link to that word so
that upon clicking on that
word, the reader is sent to the
site attached.
HOW CAN YOU IDENTIFY
HYPERTEXT?
This information appears as links and is
usually accessed by clicking and shifting
to different web pages in a matter of
seconds and minutes.
HOW CAN YOU IDENTIFY
HYPERTEXT?
The reader can navigate around the
internet and jump to more information
about a topic, which in turn may have
more links, that open up the reader to a
wider horizon of information or to a new
directions.
ADVANTAGES OF USING
HYPERTEXT
It associates topics on a
screen to related information,
1 graphics, videos and music
where information is not
simply connected to the text.
ADVANTAGES OF USING
HYPERTEXT

The reader can find more

2 information about a topic,
which may have more links.
ADVANTAGES OF USING
HYPERTEXT
A reader can browse through

3
segments of a text, easily jumping
from one part to another depending
on what aspect of the text interests
him/her.
ACTIVITY!
You are doing a research about
Environmental Issues in the
Philippines. A quick Google search
would lead you to a Wikipedia
article. While reading about it, you
also encounter links that lead you
to more information depending on
your purpose and interest.
ACTIVITY!
INTERTEXT
is putting a text in relation to another
text, usually through direct quotes or
references. A book that quotes
another book to compare, contrast,
or expand on a point is using
intertext.
INTERTEXT
• defines as comparing the meaning of a
text by another text.
• It deals with the influences between
language, images, characters, themes
or subjects depending on their
similarities in language, genre or
discourse.
“Bella Swan is drafted in to interview the
reclusive enigmatic Edward Cullen,
multi-millionaire CEO of his company.
It’s an encounter that will change her life
irrevocably, leading her to dark realms of
desire.”
INTERTEXTUALITY
It is the interconnection between similar or
related works of literature in terms of
language, images, characters, themes, or
subjects depending on their similarities in
language, genre, or discourse, that reflects
and influences an audience’s interpretation of
the text.
INTERTEXTUALITY
• This is evident when you read one text and
you reference another, or when you adopt
and changes a prior text.
• This sight emphasizes that the text is always
influenced by previous texts and in turn
anticipates future texts.
EXAMPLES

1. He was lying so obviously, you could

almost see his nose growing.
2. He’s asking her to the prom. It’s like a
happy version of Romeo and Juliet.
3. It’s hard being an adult! Peter Pan had the
right idea.
EXAMPLES

4. Morpheus's promise to Neo in The Matrix

to show him 'how deep the rabbit hole goes'
is an allusion to Alice's Adventures in
Wonderland by Lewis Carroll.
EXAMPLES

5. HUNGER GAMES AND ROMEO AND JULIET.

The two works explore themes of love and social
class, and although Katniss and Peeta don’t meet the
same fates as Romeo and Juliet, they almost do: only
one of them can survive the Hunger Games, and since
they both refuse to kill the other, they decide to eat
poisonous berries together (though fortunately they’re
stopped at the last second).
EXAMPLES

6. Taylor Swift’s song “Love Story” makes

intertextuality references to RomeoandJuliet
and the “Scarlet Letter”:“Cause you were
Romeo, I was a scarlet letter and my daddy
said stay away from Juliet
DIFFERENCES OF
HYPERTEXTUALITY
AND
INTERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY INTERTEXTUALITY
• Allows readers to study a text • The ability to create
semantically. connections among various
• Creates a network of linked texts that enhances the
materials and encourages meaning of the reading
readers to go through the material.
material at their pace. • Unintentionally seeing
• Removes the burden of patterns (that are apparent in
making meaning from the another text) in the materials
author to the reader being read.
• It is simply a non-linear way • The complex inter-
of presenting information relationship between a text
and other texts taken as
fundamental to the creation
and interpretation of the text.
INTERTEXTUALITY
• Uses the reference of the full
story in another text or story
as its backbone.
• It is the way that one text
influences another.
• This can be a direct
borrowing such as a
quotation or plagiarism, or
slightly more
• indirect such as parody,
pastiche, allusion, or
translation.
ASSESSMENT
TIME ☺
Put a tick ( / ) mark if the statement is true and an (x) mark if it is not,
then correct or paraphrase the statement to make it true.

1.The meaning of a text is dependent on the other

texts.
2.Authors tend to build on previous authors have
published or started.
3.We can gain full understanding of a concept by
referring to one text.
4.A well-written research paper has several references.
5.If you want to know more about the topic, you need
to read references tackling the same thing.
Put a tick ( / ) mark if the statement is true and an (x) mark if it is not,
then correct or paraphrase the statement to make it true.

6. Intertextuality requires citing or referencing

punctuation (such as quotation marks) and is often
mistaken for plagiarism.
7. When using context, try to represent several
perspectives – by citing different sources.
8. There is only one way by which a text is developed.
9. Look at an author’s references and read them, too.
10.Hypertext hAelps people understand better by
referring to multiple texts to compare meaning.
ANSWERS ☺
1. X (not dependent) 6. X (does not
2. / require)
3. X (referring to 7. /
multiple texts) 8. X (multiple ways)
4. / 9. /
5. / 10. X (intertext)
Wrap Up!
Context refers to information that
helps readers accurately interpret
the meaning of a text.

Hypertext is described hypertext

as a series of chunks connected
by links that offer readers different
pathways

Intertext is putting a text in relation

to another text, usually through
direct quotes or references.
Thank you for
listening!