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DevOps interview Q

The document provides a comprehensive set of interview questions and answers related to DevOps practices across various tools such as Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, Ansible, and Azure DevOps. It covers scenarios including performance diagnosis, application deployment, secret management, and CI/CD implementation. Each section outlines key strategies and commands to effectively manage and troubleshoot environments in these tools.

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sathya73
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15 views4 pages

DevOps interview Q

The document provides a comprehensive set of interview questions and answers related to DevOps practices across various tools such as Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, Ansible, and Azure DevOps. It covers scenarios including performance diagnosis, application deployment, secret management, and CI/CD implementation. Each section outlines key strategies and commands to effectively manage and troubleshoot environments in these tools.

Uploaded by

sathya73
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Virtusa DevOps interview Q&A Set-1

Docker Scenarios

1. Diagnosing Performance Issues in a Docker Container


o Check container logs: docker logs <container_id>
o Inspect resource usage: docker stats
o Analyze CPU/Memory limits: docker inspect <container_id>
o Profile application inside the container
o Check for network bottlenecks
2. Preventing Outdated Application Versions in Docker Containers
o Implement CI/CD with versioned images
o Use image digest instead of latest tag
o Automate vulnerability scans with tools like Trivy
o Set up alerts for outdated container versions
3. Deploying Dockerized Applications in an Air-Gapped Environment
o Set up a private Docker registry (Harbor, JFrog, or self-hosted Docker
Registry)
o Export images (docker save) and import (docker load)
o Use docker pull on a connected machine and transfer via USB
4. Secure Secrets Management in Dockerized Applications
o Use Docker secrets (for Swarm) or environment variables with caution
o Implement external secret stores (Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key
Vault)
o Preventing Secrets in Image Layers: Use .dockerignore, pass secrets at
runtime
5. Allowing Containers to Access Host Hardware (GPUs)
o Use --gpus all flag in docker run
o Enable NVIDIA runtime (nvidia-container-runtime)
o Ensure security by limiting device access with --device flags

Kubernetes Scenarios

6. Troubleshooting a Crashing Kubernetes Pod


o Check pod logs: kubectl logs <pod>
o Describe the pod: kubectl describe pod <pod>
o Check events: kubectl get events
o Investigate OOM (Out of Memory) issues
7. Canary Deployment Strategy in Kubernetes
o Use Deployment with multiple ReplicaSets
o Implement Istio or Traefik for traffic splitting
o Gradually increase traffic percentage to new pods
8. Automating Kubernetes Deployment with Azure DevOps
o Use Azure DevOps pipelines with Kubernetes Service Connection
o Implement kubectl apply -f in pipeline scripts
o Use Helm charts for version-controlled deployments
9. Disaster Recovery for a Kubernetes Cluster
o Regular backups with etcdctl snapshot save
o Store manifests and Helm releases in Git
o Multi-region deployments for high availability
10. High Availability for Stateful Kubernetes Applications
o Use StatefulSets with Persistent Volumes
o Distribute workloads across multiple availability zones
o Implement database clustering (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL with HA)
11. Managing Secrets in Kubernetes Securely
o Use Kubernetes Secrets (kubectl create secret generic)
o Implement tools like Sealed Secrets or HashiCorp Vault
o Use RBAC to control secret access
12. Preventing Resource Overuse with Kubernetes Quotas
o Define LimitRange for pods (cpu, memory)
o Set ResourceQuota at namespace level

Jenkins Scenarios

13. Triggering Builds on Code Push in Jenkins


o Use Git webhooks with Jenkins
o Configure Jenkins Multibranch Pipeline
14. Implementing a Shared Library in Jenkins
o Store shared libraries in a Git repo
o Load in Jenkinsfile using @Library('my-library') _
15. Conditional Deployment Based on Integration Tests
o Use when directive in a Jenkins declarative pipeline
o Example:

groovy
CopyEdit
stage('Deploy') {
when {
expression { currentBuild.result == 'SUCCESS' }
}
steps {
sh 'deploy.sh'
}
}

16. Scaling Jenkins for High Demand


o Implement Jenkins Master-Slave Architecture
o Use Kubernetes for dynamic agent provisioning
17. Migrating Jenkins Jobs Without Downtime
o Use Jenkins Configuration as Code (JCasC)
o Migrate jobs using Job DSL plugin
o Backup Jenkins_home and restore on the new server
Ansible Scenarios

18. Using the Same Playbook for Different Environments


o Use inventory files and variable substitution
o Example:

yaml
CopyEdit
- name: Deploy app
hosts: "{{ target_env }}"
tasks:
- debug: msg="Deploying to {{ target_env }}"

19. Rolling Updates in Ansible Without Downtime


o Implement rolling updates with batch-size
o Example:

yaml
CopyEdit
serial: 1
tasks:
- name: Restart service
service:
name: myapp
state: restarted

20. Running Tasks Conditionally in Ansible


o Use the when condition:

yaml
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- name: Restart if service is running
service:
name: myapp
state: restarted
when: ansible_facts['services']['myapp']['state'] ==
'running'

21. Deploying Ansible in Restricted SSH Environments


o Use Ansible Pull Mode
o Configure Bastion Hosts for controlled access

Azure DevOps Scenarios

22. Secure Service Connections in Azure DevOps Pipelines


o Use Service Connections in Azure DevOps
o Store credentials in Azure Key Vault
23. Implementing Infrastructure as Code (IaC) with Azure DevOps
o Use Terraform/Bicep for provisioning
o Example pipeline step for Terraform:

yaml
CopyEdit
- task: TerraformTaskV1
inputs:
command: 'apply'

24. Managing Azure Service Principal Credentials Securely


o Store in Azure Key Vault
o Rotate secrets automatically with Azure policies
25. Deploying to Multiple Azure Subscriptions Securely
o Use multiple service connections
o Define different AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID per environment
26. Migrating CI/CD from Jenkins to Azure DevOps
o Export Jenkins pipelines as YAML
o Use Azure DevOps Multi-Stage Pipelines
o Migrate artifacts to Azure Artifacts
27. Implementing GitOps with Azure DevOps
o Use FluxCD or ArgoCD
o Store Kubernetes manifests in Git and sync automatically

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