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CPI_Problems_1

The document contains a series of process calculation problems related to units, dimensions, and basic chemical calculations. It includes various examples such as calculating pressure on a piston, mass flow rates, and concentrations of solutions. Additionally, it covers topics like molecular weight analysis, gas density calculations, and the application of Raoult's Law for vapor pressure in mixtures.

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23bch027
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6 views

CPI_Problems_1

The document contains a series of process calculation problems related to units, dimensions, and basic chemical calculations. It includes various examples such as calculating pressure on a piston, mass flow rates, and concentrations of solutions. Additionally, it covers topics like molecular weight analysis, gas density calculations, and the application of Raoult's Law for vapor pressure in mixtures.

Uploaded by

23bch027
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Process Calculations

Problems - I
Chapter 1 – Units and Dimensions
Problem statement - A force equal to 19.635 kgf is applied on the piston
with a diameter of 5 cm. Find the pressure exerted on a piston in kPa. (
Solution:
P = F/A
A = π/4 d2 = π/4 (5)2 = 19.635 cm2
F = 19.635 kgf

.
P = = 1 kgf/cm2
.

1kPa = 0.010197 kgf/cm2

P =
.

= 98.066 kPa
Problem statement - The superficial mass velocity is found to be 200
lb/hr.ft2. Find its equivalent in kg/s.m2

Solution:
G (Mass Velocity) = (200) lb/hr.ft2

= (200) x (1/2.205 kg) x 1/(3600 s) x 1/ (0.0929 m2)

= 0.2712 kg/s.m2
Problem statement - The volumetric flow rate of kerosene in an 80 –mm
nominal diameter pipe is 75 imperial gallons per minute. Taking the
density of kerosene as 0.8 kg/dm3, find the mass flow in kg/s.
Solution:
Volumetric Flow rate, qv = 75 x X
.

= 5.683 dm3/s
Density, ρ = 0.8 kg/ dm3
Mass Flow rate, qm = qv x ρ
= 5.683 x 0.8 = 4.546 kg/s
Problem Statement – A solution of caustic soda contains 20%
NaOH by weight. Taking the density of the solution as 1.196 kg/l
find the normality, molarity and molality of the solution.

Hint –
• take basis – 100 kg of solution as it is in %
• With the basis and weight % NaOH and kg H2O (solvent) in it.
• Convert kg of NaOH into gms and
• then to corresponding moles by the molecular weight of NaOH.
• With the help of density, convert kg of NaOH to the volume of solution
in litres.
• Use the formula of normality, molarity and molality to get the answer.
Problem Statement – The concentration of an aqueous solution of
acetic acid is specified as 30% on weight basis. Find the molality
of the solution.

Hint –
• take basis – 100 kg of solution as it is in %
• Convert first kg of acetic acid into gms and
• then to corresponding moles by molecular weight.
• Use formula of molality to get the answer.

Molecular weight of CH3COOH = 60

Ans = 7.142
Chapter 2 – Basic Chemical Calculations
Problem statement - A compound whose molecular weight is 103 analyses C
– 81.5; H – 4.9; N – 13.6. What is the formula?
Basis: 100 kg

Weight of
Atomic Rounding
Element Weight, g g, atom each
Weight of atoms
element

Carbon 12 81.5 6.791667 7 84

Hydrogen 1 4.9 4.9 5 5

Nitrogen 14 13.6 0.971429 1 14


Total 103

Answer - Molecular formula is C7H5N


Problem statement - A gaseous mixture analysing CH4 – 10%;
C2H6 – 30% and rest H2 at 15 °C and 1.5 atm is flowing through
an equipment at the rate of 2.5 m3/min.

find

(a) Avg. Molecular weight of the gas mixture – 11.8


(b) Weight % - 13.56; 76.27; 10.17
(c) The mass flow rate – 1.84 kg/min

Solve this example using Excel


Problem statement – An analysis of gas sample yields the
following data. Find the mole%
Na2O - 7.8; MgO – 7; ZnO – 9.7; Al2O3 - 2; B2O3 - 8.5; and rest SiO2

Component Weight, g M. Wt. g Mole Mole Fraction Mole%

WA MA WA/MA Mole% of A

Na2O 7.8 62 0.12581 0.076620922 7.662092224


MgO 7 40.3 0.1737 0.105788256 10.57882556
ZnO 9.7 81.4 0.11916 0.072575793 7.257579323
Al2O3 2 102 0.01961 0.011941924 1.194192353
B2O3 8.5 69.6 0.12213 0.074379653 7.4379653
SiO2 65 60.1 1.08153 0.658693452 65.86934524
415.4 1.64193 1.641933403 1.6419334
Problem statement – Calculate the density in g/l at 70 °F and 741
mm Hg of air. Basis: 1 g mole of air.

Volume% = Molecular Weight


Component
Mole% Wt. g

Oxygen 0.21 32 6.72


Nitrogen 0.79 28 22.12
Total 28.84

Volume of air = 1 x 22.414 x (530/492) x (760/741) = 24.8 l

Density of air = 28.84/24.8 = 1.162 g/l


Also find the density at 503K and 1519.875 kPa.

• ρ = PMavg/RT
• P = 1519.875 kPa
• R = 8.31451 m3.kPa/kmol.K
• T = 503K
• Ans = 10.481 kg/m3
Density of solution = 1.196 kg/l

Volume of Solution = l
.

Moles of NaOH in Solution = = 0.5 kmol = 500 mol

Answer:

• M = 5.98

• N = M = 5.98 (valence = 1)

• Molality = 6.25 mol/kg


Problem Statement – A saturated solution of salicylic acid
(HOC6H4COOH) in methanol (CH3OH) contains 64 kg salicylic acid
per 100 kg methanol at 298 K (25 °C). Find the composition of
solution in (a) Weight% and (b) mole%.
Basis: 100 kg of methanol
So the amt. of salicylic acid in saturated solution wrt 100 kg methanol is 64
kg.
Hence the amount of saturated solution is 164 kg.
Then use the formula to calculate Wt % and mole %
Wt% of salicylic acid in the solution = 39.02
Wt% of Methanol in the solution = 60.98
Mole% of Methanol = 87.07
Mole% of salicylic acid = 12.93
Problem Statement – calculate the weight of 1 m3 of Cl2 gas at a
temperature of 298 K (25 °C) and a pressure of 101.325 kPa (1
atm)
Basis : 1 m3 of Cl2 gas.
We have T & P so use ideal gas law to get the moles of Cl2 gas
Then convert moles to weight of Cl2 gas by using molecular
weight of Cl2
Take R = 8.31451 m3.kPa/(kmol.K)

Ans = 2.904 kg
Problem Statement – a sample of gas having volume of 0.5 m3 is compressed
in such a manner so that pressure is increased by 60%. The operation is done
for a fixed mass of a gas at constant temperature. Calculate the final volume
of the gas. G 2.55
Basis: 0.5 m3 of sample gas.
Let initial pressure = P1 kPa
Pressure of gas is increased by 60%
So, Final Pressure = P2 = 1.6P1, Find Final Volume = V2 ?
Now, T & mass are constant, therefore
P1V1 = P2V2
V2 = P1V1/P2
= P1 x 0.5 / 1.6P1
Ans: Final Volume of Gas = 0.3124 m3
Problem Statement – A solution containing 55% Benzene; 28% Toluene;
and 17% Xylene by weight is in contact with its vapour at 373 K (100 °C).
Calculate the total pressure and molar composition of the liquid and
vapour. Data: Vapour Pressure data at 373 K (100 °C)
Benzene = 178.60 kPa, Toluene = 74.60 kPa and Xylene = 28 kPa

Basis: 100 kg of solution contains


55 kg of Benzene; 28 kg of Toluene; and 17 kg of Xylene
Molecular wt of Benzene (C6H6) = 78
Molecular wt of Toluene (C6H5CH3) = 92
Molecular wt of Xylene (C6H4 (CH3)2) = 106
Component Amount in kg Amount in kmol Mole%
Benzene 55 0.7051 60.28
Toluene 28 0.3043 26.01
Xylene 17 0.1604 13.71
Total 100 1.1698 100

According to Rault’s Law :


Pi = Pi0 . Xi
Pi = Partial Pressure of component ‘i’ over a solution
Pi0 = Vapour pressure of pure ‘i’
Xi = Mole fraction of ‘i’ in the solution.
Total pressure in the vapour space = P = Σpi
Partial Pressure of Benzene = PB = 0.6028 x 178.60 = 107.66 kPa
Partial Pressure of Toluene = PT = 0.2601 x 74.60 = 19.4 kPa
Partial Pressure of Xylene = PX = 0.1371 x 28 = 3.84 kPa

Ans: Total pressure of vapours = P = 107.66 + 19.4 + 3.84 = 130.9 kPa

For ideal gas: mole% = Volume % = Pressure % - for vapour as ideal


gas.
Therefore, composition of vapours in mole%
Mole% of Benzene = 107.66/ 130.9 x 100 = 82.25 Ans
Mole% of Toluene = 19.4/ 130.9 x 100 = 14.82 Ans
Mole% of Xylene = 3.84/ 130.9 x 100 = 2.93 Ans

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