Transformation of Sentences

(Simple, complex and compound)

The sentence which introduce the structure of a sentence is called structural
sentence. It is of 3 kinds.

1. Simple Sentence 2. Complex sentence 3. Compound

sentence

(a) Simple sentence : A sentence which has a subject , a finite verb and
an object is called a Simple Sentence.

Example: I go to school

Simple= One clause

= One Principal clause

= One subject+ one finite verb (nonfinite verb)

(b) Complex Sentence : A sentence which has two or three clauses of

which there is a Principle clause and the other clauses are subordinate
clauses and all the sentences are connected with connecting word is called a
Complex Sentence. In a Complex sentence Subordinate clause is always
dependent on Principle clause to express a full sentence.

Example: It started raining when I was about to go out.

Complex = Principal clause and Subordinate clause added with

Subordinating Conjunction

= Connecting word +Subordinate clause+Principal clause

= Principal clause+connecting word +Subordinate clause

= Principal clause will be unchanged

(c) Compound sentence: A sentence which has two or three clauses of

which all are Principle clauses and are connecting to each other with
connecting word is called a compound sentence.

Example: It is raining and I am going out with my umbrella.

Structure: Principle clause + connecting word + Principle clause

Compound = two principal clauses

=added with FANBOYS (for/and/nor/but/or/otherwise/yet/so)

Compound
Simple Complex 2
One clause=Sub+fv(nfv) 2 Clauses Clauses…….and/but/o
r

(very….and)
(1. too …to+v1) (so……that)
He is very short and
He is too short to touch He is so short that he can’t
he can’t touch the
the roof. touch the roof.
roof.

(very….and)
(enough to+v1) (so……that)
The room is very big
The room is big enough to The room is so big that it
and it can
accommodate all the can accommodate all the
accommodate all the
students. students.
students.

(so that/in order that) (and/and so)

(2. to+v1) We went there so that we We went there and
We went there to play could play cricket. we could play cricket.
cricket. We went there in order We went there and so
that we could play cricket. we could play cricket.

(so that/in order that) (and/and so)

(in order to+v1) We went there so that we We went there and
We went there in order to could play cricket. we could play cricket.
play cricket. We went there in order We went there and so
that we could play cricket. we could play cricket.

(so that/in order that) (and/and so)

(with a view to+v1+ing) We went there so that we We went there and
We went there with a view could play cricket. we could play cricket.
to playing cricket. We went there in order We went there and so
that we could play cricket. we could play cricket.

(so that/in order that) (and/and so)

(for+v1+ing) We went there so that we We went there and we
We went there for playing could play cricket. could play cricket.
cricket. We went there in order that We went there and so
we could play cricket. we could play cricket.

(3. In spite of/despite (though/although) (but/yet)

+v1+ing) Though I tried hard, I failed I tried hard but I failed
In spite of (my) trying
in English. in English.
hard, I failed in English.
Although I tried hard, I I tried hard yet I failed
Despite (my) trying hard, I
failed in English. in English.
failed in English.

(and)
(4. By+v1+ing) (If + aff clause)
We practise again and
By practising again and If we practise again and
again and we can
again, we can learn it. again, we can learn it.
learn it.

(If+ neg clause/unless ) (or)

If you don’t practise again Practise again and
(Without+v1+ing) and again, you can’t learn again or you can’t
Without practising again, it. learn it.
you can’t learn it. Unless you practise again Let him practise again
and again, you can’t learn and again or he can’t
it. learn it.

(5. At the time of/During)

At the time of winter, (When)
leaves fall from trees. When it is winter, leaves (And)
During winter, leaves fall fall from trees. It is winter and leaves
from trees. Leaves fall from trees fall from trees.
In winter, leaves fall from when it is winter.
trees.

(When)
When he was 10 years old, (And)
(At the age of)
he left village for Dhaka. He was 10 years old
At the age of 10, he left
and he left village for
village for Dhaka. He left village for Dhaka Dhaka.
when he was 10 years old.
(When)
When it is Friday, our school (and)
(On+day/date)
remains closed. It is Friday and our
On Friday, our school
school remains
remains closed. Our school remains closed closed.
when it is Friday.

(and)
(When)
(In+month/year/season) It is March and we left
When it is March, we left
In March, we left school. school.
school.
In 2020, Corona attacked It was 2020 and
When it was 2020, Corona
our country. Corona attacked our
attacked our country.
country.

(When) (and)
(At+short time)
When it is day light, I slept It is day light and I
At day light, I slept a lot.
a lot. slept a lot.

(as/since/because/when)
When he finished his (and)
(6. v1+ing)
homework, he went to He finished his
Finishing his homework,
sleep. homework and went
he went to sleep.
He went to sleep when he to sleep.
finished his homework

(Affirmative to Negative)
Affirmative Negative

Person/
None but
Allah

Things/
1. Only/Alone Nothing but
objects

Number/
Not more than/Not less than
age

2. Must/have to cannot but+verb1

cannot help+verb1+ing

could not but+verb1

3. Had to
could not help+verb1+ing

4. Every (body/one/noun) There is no (body/one/noun) but

5. By+gerund Without+gerund (negative)

6. Both……and/as well
Not only …….but also
as/and

7. As soon as No sooner had……verb3……than

8. as/so……. As not less……than

9. too……to+v1 so……that + sub+ can/could (not) + verb1

10. Superlative degree Positive degree

11. Universal truth Negative interrogative

12. for good/for ever never …..again

13. many not a few

14. a few not many

15. a little not much

16. much not a little

(Assertive to Interrogative)
Assertive Interrogative

(1. Sub+auxiliary verb+ext.) (Auxiliary verb+n’t+sub+ext+? )

He is obedient. Isn’t he obedient?

(2. Sub+verb+ext.) (Do/does/did+n’t+sub+verb+ext?)

I play football. Don’t I play football?

(3. Sub+auxiliary
(Auxiliary verb+Sub+ext?)
verb+not+ext.)
Was he weak?
He was not weak.

(4. Sub+auxiliary
(Auxiliary verb+sub+verb+ext+?)
verb+not+verb+ext.)
Did he save money?
He did not save money.
Does she waste time?
She does not waste time.

(5. Everybody/everyone/all) (Who+auxiliary

Everybody likes it. verb+n’t+verb+ext+?)

(Is there any+noun+who+auxiliary

(6. Every/all +noun) verb+n’t+verb+ext+?)

Every student likes it Is there any student who does not

like it?

(7. Nobody/none/no one) (Who+verb+ext+?)

Nobody believes it. Who believes it?

(What+auxiliary
(8. Nothing but)
verb+sub+but+ext+?)
He is nothing but an idle man.
What is he but an idle man?

(Assertive to Exclamatory)
Assertive Exclamatory

(1. a very/a great/a fine/a most) (What+ a/an + adjective + noun+ sub
+verb!)
It presents a very charming
scene. What a charming scene it presents!

(2. very/great/so/fine)
(How + adjective + noun+ sub +
It presents very charming verb!)
scene.
How charming scene it presents!
It is very essential to resist
How essential it is to resist corruption!
corruption.

(3. I wish) (If /Would that/Had/O that)

I wish I were a king. If/Would that I were a king!

I wish I had been a scholar. Had I been a scholar!

(4. It is a matter of joy/pleasure

that + sub + verb +ext.) (Hurrah! + Sub + verb +ext.)

It is a matter of joy/pleasure Hurrah! We are victorious.

that we are victorious.

(It is a matter of sorrow/regret

that + sub + verb +ext.) (Alas! + Sub + verb + ext.)

It is a matter of sorrow that he is Alas! He is dead.

dead.

(It is a matter of shame/It is

shameful that+sub+verb +ext.) (Fie!+ Sub + verb+ ext.)

It is shameful that he doesn’t Fie! He doesn’t respect seniors.

respect seniors.

(Source: https://skylarkeducation.com/)