Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________________

Gases
The Gas Laws
In your textbook, read about the basic concepts of the three gas laws.
Use each of the terms below to complete the passage. Each term may be used more
than once.

pressure temperature volume

Boyle’s law relates (1) ________________________ and (2) ________________________ if

(3) ________________________ and amount of gas are held constant. Charles’s law relates
(4) ______________________ and (5) _____________________ if (6) ___________________ and amount of gas are
held constant. Gay-Lussac’s law relates (7) ______________________ and
(8) ______________________ if (9) ______________________ and amount of gas are held constant.

For each question below, write increases, decreases, or stays the same.

______________________ 10. The room temperature increases from 20°C to 24°C. What happens to the pressure inside a
cylinder of oxygen contained in the room?
_______________________ 11. What happens to the pressure of the gas in an inflated expandable balloon if the temperature
is increased?
______________________ 12. An aerosol can of air freshener is sprayed into a room. What happens to the pressure of the
gas if its temperature stays constant?
______________________ 13. The volume of air in human lungs increases before it is exhaled. What happens to the
temperature of the air in the lungs to cause this change, assuming pressure stays constant?
______________________ 14. A leftover hamburger patty is sealed in a plastic bag and placed in the refrigerator. What
happens to the volume of the air in the bag?
______________________ 15. What happens to the pressure of a gas in a lightbulb a few minutes after the light is turned
on?
Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________________

The Gas Laws continued

In your textbook, read about the combined gas law.

Fill in the following table. State what gas law is derived from the combined gas law when the variable listed
in the first column stays constant and the variables in the second column change.

Derivations from the Combined Gas Law

Stays constant Change Becomes this law
Volume Temperature, pressure 16.
Temperature Pressure, volume 17.
Pressure Temperature, volume 18.

19. Fill in the blanks between the variables in the following concept map to show whether the variables are directly or inversely
proportional to each other. Write direct or inverse between the variables.

Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

20. The variable that stays constant when using the combined gas law is
a. amount of gas. b. pressure. c. temperature. d. volume.
21. The equation for the combined gas law can be used instead of which of the following equations?
a. Boyle’s law b. Charles’s law c. Gay-Lussac’s law d. all of these
Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________________

The Ideal Gas Law

In your textbook, read about Avogadro’s principle.
1. Which of the following expresses Avogadro’s principle?
a. Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.
b. One mole of any gas will occupy a certain volume at STP.
c. STP stands for standard temperature and pressure.
d. The molar volume of a gas is the volume that one mole occupies at STP.

Answer the following questions.

2. What is standard temperature and pressure (STP)?

______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the molar volume of a gas equal to at STP?

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Each problem below needs more information to determine the answer. List as many letters as are needed to solve the
problem.

a. molar volume of the gas d. pressure of the gas

b. molar mass of the gas e. volume of the gas

c. temperature of the gas f. No further information is needed.

_______________________ 4. What volume will 1.0 g N2 gas occupy at STP?

_______________________ 5. What volume will 2.4 mol He occupy at STP?
_______________________ 6. A gas sample occupies 3.7 L at 4.0 atm and 25°C. What volume will the sample occupy at
27°C?
_______________________ 7. A sample of carbon dioxide is at 273 K and 244 kPa. What will its volume be at 400 kPa?
_______________________ 8. A sample of oxygen occupies 10.0 L at 4.00 atm pressure. At what temperature will the
pressure equal 3.00 atm if the final volume is 8.00 L?
_______________________ 9. At what pressure will a sample of gas occupy a 5.0 L container at 25°C if it occupies 3.2 L at
1.3 atm pressure and 20°C?
______________________ 10. How many grams of helium are in a 2-L balloon at STP?
_______________________ 11. One mole of hydrogen gas occupies 22.4 L. What volume will the sample occupy if the
temperature is 290 K and the pressure is 2.0 atm?
Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________________

The Ideal Gas Law continued

In your textbook, read about the ideal gas law.

Answer the following questions.

12. Why is the mathematical relationship among the amount, volume, temperature, and pressure of a gas sample
called the ideal gas law?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Define the ideal gas constant, R.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

14. In Table 13.2 in your textbook, why does R have different numerical values?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

15. What variable is considered in the ideal gas law that is not considered in the combined gas law?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

In your textbook, read about real versus ideal gases.

For each statement below, write true or false.

______________________ 16. An ideal gas is one whose particles take up space.

_______________________ 17. At low temperatures, ideal gases liquefy.
______________________ 18. In the real world, gases consisting of small molecules are the only gases that are truly ideal.
______________________ 19. Most gases behave like ideal gases at many temperatures and pressures.
______________________ 20. No intermolecular attractive forces exist in an ideal gas.
______________________ 21. Nonpolar gas molecules behave more like ideal gases than do gas molecules that are polar.
______________________ 22. Real gases deviate most from ideal gas behavior at high pressures and low temperatures.
______________________ 23. The smaller the gas molecule, the more the gas behaves like an ideal gas.
Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________________

The Ideal Gas Law continued

In your textbook, read about applying the ideal gas law.

Rearrange the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, to solve for each of the following variables. Write your answers in the
table.

Rearranging the Ideal Gas Law Equation

Variable to Find Rearranged Ideal Gas Law Equation

n 24.

P 25.

T 26.

V 27.

In your textbook, read about using the ideal gas law to solve for molar mass, mass, or density.
Use the following terms below to complete the statements. Each term may be used more than once.

mass molar mass volume

The number of moles of a gas is equal to the (28) _______________________ divided by the
(29) _______________________. Density is defined as (30) ______________________ per unit (31)
mRT
______________________. To solve for M in the equation M = , the (32) __________________________ and
PV
MP
the (33) _______________________ of the gas must be known. According to the equation D = , the (34)
RT
_________________________ of the gas must be known when calculating density.
Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________________

Gas Stoichiometry
In your textbook, read about gas stoichiometry.
Balance the following chemical equation. Then use the balanced equation to answer the questions.

1. _________ H2(g) + _________ O2(g) → _________ H2O(g)

2. List at least two types of information provided by the coefficients in the equation.
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. If 4.0 L of water vapor is produced, what volume of hydrogen reacted? What volume of oxygen?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. If it is known that 2 mol of hydrogen reacts, what additional information would you need to know to find the
volume of oxygen that would react with it?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. List the steps you would use to find the mass of oxygen that would react with a known number of moles of
hydrogen.
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Find the mass of water produced from 4.00 L H2 at STP if all of it reacts. Show your work.
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

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