Name______________________________________________ Date______________________ Class_____________________

13
Gases

Section 13.1 The Gas Laws

In your textbook, read about the basic concepts of the three gas laws.
Use each of the terms below to complete the passage. Each term may be used more
than once.

pressure temperature volume

Boyle’s law relates (1) ________________________ and (2) ________________________ if

(3) ________________________ and amount of gas are held constant. Charles’s law relates
(4) ______________________ and (5) _____________________ if (6) ___________________ and
amount of gas are held constant. Gay-Lussac’s law relates (7) ______________________ and
(8) ______________________ if (9) ______________________ and amount of gas are held constant.

In your textbook, read about the effects of changing conditions on a sample of gas.
For each question below, write increases, decreases, or stays the same.

____________________ 10. The room temperature increases from 20°C to 24°C. What happens to the pressure
inside a cylinder of oxygen contained in the room?
____________________ 11. What happens to the pressure of the gas in an inflated expandable balloon if the
temperature is increased?
____________________ 12. An aerosol can of air freshener is sprayed into a room. What happens to the pressure
of the gas if its temperature stays constant?
____________________ 13. The volume of air in human lungs increases before it is exhaled. What happens to the
temperature of the air in the lungs to cause this change, assuming pressure stays
constant?
____________________ 14. A leftover hamburger patty is sealed in a plastic bag and placed in the refrigerator.
What happens to the volume of the air in the bag?
____________________ 15. What happens to the pressure of a gas in a lightbulb a few minutes after the light is
turned on?

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13

Section 13.2 The Combined Gas Law and Avogadro’s Principle

In your textbook, read about the combined gas law.
Fill in the following table. State what gas law is derived from the combined gas law when the
variable listed in the first column stays constant and the variables in the second column change.

Derivations from the Combined Gas Law

Stays constant Change Becomes this law
Volume Temperature, pressure 1.
Temperature Pressure, volume 2.
Pressure Temperature, volume 3.

In your textbook, read about the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a sample of
gas.
Fill in the blanks between the variables in the following concept map to show whether the variables are directly or
inversely proportional to each other. Write direct or inverse between the variables.

In your textbook, read about the combined gas law and Avogadro’s principle.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

7. The variable that stays constant when using the combined gas law is
a. amount of gas. b. pressure. c. temperature. d. volume.
8. The equation for the combined gas law can be used instead of which of the following equations?
a. Boyle’s law b. Charles’s law c. Gay-Lussac’s law d. all of these
9. Which of the following expresses Avogadro’s principle?
a. Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.
b. One mole of any gas will occupy a certain volume at STP.
c. STP stands for standard temperature and pressure.
d. The molar volume of a gas is the volume that one mole occupies at STP.

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13

Section 13.2 continued
Answer the following questions.

10. What is standard temperature and pressure (STP)?

______________________________________________________________________________________________

11. What is the molar volume of a gas equal to at STP?

______________________________________________________________________________________________

In your textbook, read about how to solve problems using the combined gas law and Avogadro’s
principle.
Each problem below needs more information to determine the answer. List as many letters as are needed to solve
the problem.

a. molar volume of the gas d. pressure of the gas

b. molar mass of the gas e. volume of the gas

c. temperature of the gas f. No further information is needed.

____________________ 12. What volume will 1.0 g N2 gas occupy at STP?

____________________ 13. What volume will 2.4 mol He occupy at STP?
____________________ 14. A gas sample occupies 3.7 L at 4.0 atm and 25°C. What volume will the sample
occupy at 27°C?
____________________ 15. A sample of carbon dioxide is at 273 K and 244 kPa. What will its volume be at 400
kPa?
____________________ 16. A sample of oxygen occupies 10.0 L at 4.00 atm pressure. At what temperature will
the pressure equal 3.00 atm if the final volume is 8.00 L?
____________________ 17. At what pressure will a sample of gas occupy a 5.0 L container at 25°C if it occupies
3.2 L at 1.3 atm pressure and 20°C?
____________________ 18. How many grams of helium are in a 2-L balloon at STP?
____________________ 19. One mole of hydrogen gas occupies 22.4 L. What volume will the sample occupy if
the temperature is 290 K and the pressure is 2.0 atm?

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13

Section 13.2 The Ideal Gas Law

In your textbook, read about the ideal gas law.
Answer the following questions.

1. Why is the mathematical relationship among the amount, volume, temperature, and pressure of a gas
sample called the ideal gas law?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Define the ideal gas constant, R.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. In Table 13.2 in your textbook, why does R have different numerical values?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What variable is considered in the ideal gas law that is not considered in the combined gas law?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

In your textbook, read about real versus ideal gases.

For each statement below, write true or false.

_____________________ 5. An ideal gas is one whose particles take up space.

_____________________ 6. At low temperatures, ideal gases liquefy.
_____________________ 7. In the real world, gases consisting of small molecules are the only gases that are truly
ideal.
_____________________ 8. Most gases behave like ideal gases at many temperatures and pressures.
_____________________ 9. No intermolecular attractive forces exist in an ideal gas.
____________________ 10. Nonpolar gas molecules behave more like ideal gases than do gas molecules that are
polar.
____________________ 11. Real gases deviate most from ideal gas behavior at high pressures and low
temperatures.
____________________ 12. The smaller the gas molecule, the more the gas behaves like an ideal gas.

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13

Section 13.2 continued

In your textbook, read about applying the ideal gas law.

Rearrange the ideal gas law, PV  nRT, to solve for each of the following variables. Write your
answers in the table.

Rearranging the Ideal Gas Law Equation

Variable to Find Rearranged Ideal Gas Law Equation

n 13.

P 14.

T 15.

V 16.

In your textbook, read about using the ideal gas law to solve for molar mass, mass, or density.
Use the following terms below to complete the statements. Each term may be used more than once.

mass molar mass molume

The number of moles of a gas is equal to the (17) _______________________ divided by the
(18) _______________________.

Density is defined as (19) ______________________ per unit (20) ______________________.

mRT
To solve for M in the equation M = , the (21) __________________________ and the
PV
(22) _______________________ of the gas must be known.

MP
According to the equation D = , the (23) _________________________ of the gas must be known
RT
when calculating density.

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13

Section 13.3 Gas Stoichiometry

In your textbook, read about gas stoichiometry.
Balance the following chemical equation. Then use the balanced equation to answer the questions.

1. _________ H2(g)  _________ O2(g)  _________ H2O(g)

2. List at least two types of information provided by the coefficients in the equation.
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. If 4.0 L of water vapor is produced, what volume of hydrogen reacted? What volume of oxygen?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. If it is known that 2 mol of hydrogen reacts, what additional information would you need to know to
find the volume of oxygen that would react with it?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. List the steps you would use to find the mass of oxygen that would react with a known number of
moles of hydrogen.
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Find the mass of water produced from 4.00 L H2 at STP if all of it reacts. Show your work.
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

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