Corporate
Corporate
Identifying the important tasks and knowledge, skill, and behaviors that need
to be emphasized in training for employees to complete their tasks
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What is the
Context?
Organizational analysis
Task
Analysis In what do they need training?
Personal analysis
Budgeting for training does not mean using surplus money when it’s available. Instead, you
should build a separate line item for training into your yearly budget. A training budget
should include the following costs:
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Travel, lodging or meal expenses required to participate
Ongoing training (upkeep)
Contingencies
Once approved, your training budget will need careful management to ensure that costs
stay on track. Unforeseen events can lead to changing costs. A specially trained staff
member might unexpectedly leave the company before their knowledge is passed on to
others. Training costs will increase if you need to rely on external resources.
Many large organizations commit to investing anywhere from two to five percent of salary
budgets back into training. While that may not be realistic for you, it's important to find a
number you feel your budget can absorb. Base the figure you'll use on your needs
analysis. You may be tempted to use the least expensive trainers or training materials
available. Often, using "b" level resources produces "b" results. Increase the likelihood of
success by always striving for A's. Use the best caliber training you can afford.
Ways to Save
Depending on the size of your staff, you may find training costs add up quickly. Here are
some ways you can save on costs:
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Another tip is to negotiate free or reduced-cost training from your vendors, who will be
happy to help you if it means their product will be successful.
Securing Commitment
Don't forget that employee commitment is necessary for training to succeed. One way to
ensure employees take the effort seriously is to have those getting specialized training to
share the cost. Employees who have made a personal investment in learning will be more
focused on completing the task.
If you are footing the bill, get employees to commit to working for you for a specified
period of time following the training's completion. Let them know you will require
reimbursement if they aren't able to fulfill the agreement.
It is also important to have full support for training efforts from senior people in your
organization. If they understand the long-term value of employee development, they should
be able to help by earmarking funds for training.
The best type of training methods has to be selected keeping in mind the employees needs
and capabilities.
• Lecture
• Case method
A Training method in which trainees are expected to study the information provided in the
case and make decisions based on it.
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• Simulations
Simulators are training devices of varying degrees of complexity that duplicate the real
world. Simulation refers to creating an artificial learning environment that approximates
the actual job conditions as much as possible.
• Apprenticeship
This type of training refers to the process of having new worker, called an apprentice, work
alongside and under the direction of skilled technician.
• Internships
• Discussions
Conferences and group discussions, used extensively for making decisions, can also be
used as a form of training because they provide forums where individuals are able to learn
from one another. A major use of the group discussion is to change attitudes and behaviors.
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• Games
Simulations that represent actual business situations are referred to as business games.
These simulations attempt to duplicate selected parts of a particular situation, which are
then manipulated by the participants
• Role playing
A Training method in which participants are required to respond to specific problems they
may actually encounter in their jobs.
• Computer-based
Computer based training is a teaching method that takes advantage of the speed, memory,
and data manipulation capabilities of the computer for greater flexibility of instruction.
• Multimedia
• Virtual reality
• Video Training
The use of videotapes continues to be a popular Training method. An illustration of the use
of videotapes is provided by behavior modeling. It has long been a successful Training
approach that utilizes videotapes to illustrate effective interpersonal skills and how
managers function in various situations.
• Vestibule training
Training that takes place away from the production area on equipment that closely
resembles the actual equipment used on the job.
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3) Delivering The Training.
The training program that results from assessment should be a direct response to an
organizational problem or need. Approaches vary by location, presentation, and type. These
are summarized below the
1. Location Options
a. On the job: Training is at the actual work site using the actual work equipment
b. Off the job: Training away from the actual work site. Training is at a Training facility
designed specifically for Training.
For the delivery of the training it must be taken care that the best methods, faculty, and
environment are chosen so as the training get absorbed. Success of the training is directly
related to absorption and implementation of the training information given. It should be
well designed and well planned.
4) Evaluating Training
The credibility of training is greatly enhanced when it can be shown that the organization
has benefited tangibly from such programs. Organizations have taken several approaches in
attempting to determine the worth of specific programs. In this phase, the effectiveness of
the training is assessed. Effectiveness can be measured in monetary or non-monetary terms.
It is important that the training be assessed on how well it addresses the needs it was
designed to address.
• Participants’ Opinions:
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• Extent of Learning:
Some organizations administer tests to determine what the participants in training program
have learned. The pretest, posttest, control group design is one evaluation
• Behavioral Change:
Tests may indicate fairly accurately what has been learned, but they give little
Still another approach to evaluating training programs involves determining the extent to
which stated objectives have been achieved.
• Benchmarking
Value is the measure of impact and positive change elicited by the training.
The most common approaches used to determine the effectiveness of training programs are
as under:
In this method the participants’ performance is measured after attending a training program
to determine if behavioral changes have been made.
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b) Pre-Post Test approach
Under this evaluation method, two groups are established and evaluated on actual job
performance. Members of the control group work on the job but do not undergo
instructions. On the other hand, the experimental group is given the instructions. At the
conclusion of the training, the two groups are reevaluated. If the training is really effective,
the experimental group’s performance will have improved, and its performance will be
substantially better than that of the control group.
Effective training can raise performance, improve morale, and increase an organization's
potential. Poor, inappropriate, or inadequate training can be a source of frustration for everyone
involved. To maximize the benefits of training, managers must closely monitor the training
process. Developing learning points, to assist knowledge retention, Setting specific goals,
identifying appropriate reinforces and teaching trainees, self-management skills can help
organizations to maintain performance after training.
Following up on Training
Any training or development implemented in an organization must be cost effective. That is the
benefits gained by such programs must outweigh the cost associated with providing the learning
experience. Training to be more effective, is supposed to be followed with careful evaluation.
Evaluation methods are discussed in the previous lecture. Different techniques and approaches
can be used to evaluate the training program and, if required at any level, revisions and
redesigning should not be avoided. It is not enough to merely assume that any training effort of
an organization is effective; we must develop substantive data to determine whether our training
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effort is achieving its goals- that is, if it’s correcting the deficiencies in skills, knowledge or
attitudes that were assessed in needing attention. Training programs are expensive. The cost
incurred alone justify evaluating the effectiveness.
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Chapter -2
Research methodology
Objectives of the study
Sample design
Data collection
Tools and techniques for analysis and interpretation
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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
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Research methodology:-
Research is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic.
Research is an art of scientific investigation. It is an academic activity and thus the term should
be used in a technical sense. Research comprises defining the problem, formulating hypothesis or
suggesting solutions; collecting organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching
conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.
Research is thus, an original contribution to the existing body of knowledge, making for its
advancement..
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. The research
methodology included the various methods and techniques for conducting a research. “Research
is a systematic designing, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and finding relevant solution
to a specific situation or problem.” Research is thus, an original contribution to the existing stock
of knowledge making for its advancement, the purpose of research is to discover answers to the
questions through the application of scientific procedure.
My research project has a specified framework for collecting the data in an effective manner.
Such framework is called “RESEARCH DESIGN”.
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B. DEVELOPING THE RESEARCH PLAN:
The second stage of research calls for developing the efficient plan for gathering the
needed information. Designing a research plan calls for decision on the data sources, research
approach, research instruments, sampling plan and contacts method.
DATA SOURCES
Two types of data were taken into consideration i.e.
primary data and secondary data. My major emphasis was on gathering the primary data.
Secondary data has also been used to make things more clear.
Surveys are best suited for Descriptive Research. Surveys are undertaken to learn about people’s
knowledge, beliefs, preferences, satisfactions and so on and to measure these magnitudes in the
general public. Therefore I have done this Survey for the Descriptive Research Process.
1. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
A close friend questionnaire was constructed for my survey. A Questionnaire consists a
set of statements was presented to respondents for their answers
2. SAMPLING PLAN
The sampling plan calls for two decisions.
(a) Sampling unit: Who is to be surveyed? The employees at the JCBL Company.
(b) Sample Size: How many people have to be surveyed?
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Sample Size:
For the purpose of the study, the selection of the Managers is done with the help of department.
The samples are selected randomly. The following table summarized the sample size in terms of
units in nature of job.
RESPONDENTS 50
Training and development is an attempt to improve current and future performance by increasing
an employee’s ability to perform through learning, usually by changing the employee’s attitude
or increasing his/her skills and knowledge.
1. The quality and variety of the training provided is the key for motivation.
2. Training and development helps to remove performance deficiencies in employees.
3. It is very important to change negative attitude with respect to job satisfaction, resistance to
change and job commitment.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The broad based objectives of undertaking the studies to explore the areas where training of
workers is required in the organization.
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SCOPE OF THE STUDY:-
Different head of departments have given their points on this problem. The study will help in
reducing the turnover of employees in the organization.
With the help of this study it will become easier to know the perception of employees regarding
satisfaction by the organizations system.
After going through the results, the study will help to look after the overall development of the
organization.
The study would also be helpful to the organization as well as for the betterment of the
employees in the organization
The collection of data is a tedious task. For conducting any sort of research. Data was needed.
So for my research, there was plenty of primary data. I have collected the information from the
respondents with the help of questionnaire.
A) COLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA: Primary Data is the data collected from the
original source Questionnaire and personal interviews were the main instruments, which
were used for collecting primary data.
Research Design in This Case:- Interview and interaction with the officers and officials of the
corporation has been conducted in order to find out the existing system of training and
development and to suggest feasible improvements in the system of JCBL. Discussions with the
officials of the company have provided detail insight into these discussions.
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COLLECTION OF SECONDARY DATA: Secondary Data is the one which has already been
collected by someone else and some other person is using that information. The source of
secondary data was, the records maintained about the employees who have left the organization.
Research Design in This Case:- The secondary data has been collected from the company
records already available like Annual report, budgetary performance report and data available on
internet.
Research Design: The Survey Research Method is the basic research design. The source of data
is primary. Each respondent is required to fill a questionnaire, interviews are conducted wherever
necessary. Survey questions are framed so as to obtain objectivity in the respondent aspects. The
nature of research is primarily and exploratory research qualitative data.
The next step is to extract the pertinent findings from the collected data. I have tabulated the data
and then charts are made on the basis of data survey during the research process.
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Chapter -3
Analysis and interpretation
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ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF STUDY
TABLE – 1
Q1. Your Organization considers training as a part of organizational strategy. Do you agree with this
statement?
Strongly agree 05 10
Agree 20 40
Somewhat agree 10 20
Disagree 02 4
Strongly disagree 13 26
TABLE 1
25
20
20
15 Series1
14
10
10
5 6
0
senior staff junior staff new staff based on
requirement
INTERPREATION:-
The given graph shows, the 40% (20) respondent agree on a statement that
training is a vital part of the organization. But 13 strongly were opposite to the statement. But
result shows the training provides the benefits to the organization..
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Q2. How many training programs will you attend in a year?
Less than 10 10 20
10-20 30 60
20-40 07 14
More than 40 03 06
TABLE 2
based on re- senior staff
quirement 12%
20%
junior staff
28%
new staff
40%
INTERPRETATION:-
The given graph shows the 60% of the employees attend 10-20 training
programs in a year. 20% said less than 10 and 14 % between 20-40 in a year. But the portion in
favor of 10-20 is high so they attend mid of 10-20 programs in a year at JCBL.
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Q3. To whom the training is given more in your organization?
Senior staff 06 12
Junior staff 14 28
New staff 20 40
Based on requirement 10 20
TABLE 3
based on re- senior staff
quirement 12%
20%
junior staff
28%
new staff
40%
INTERPRETATION:-
The given graph shows. 40% in the favor that organization provides the
training to new staff to familiar with the working of the organization. And 28% in the favor of
junior staff. So it means the organization provides training to entry level employees.
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Q4. What are all the important barriers to Training and Development in your organization?
Time 20 40
Money 05 10
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
education of off job training strong budget hiring efficient
employees trainer
Series1
INTERPRETATION:-
The given bar chart shows, the organization faces problem of time (40%)
in training & development program. Lack of interest (30%) and non availability of skilled trainer
(20%) also an problem for the organization. It reveals the organization willingly wants to provide
the training but staff, time and trainer are the problems.
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Q5. What tactics organization used to remove the barriers in the training program? That makes
success of training program in organization?
Education of employees 20 40
Strong budget 05 10
TABLE 5
10%
20%
INTERPRETATION:-
The given pie chart show, the 40% of the favor that organization stress on
education of the employees to increase their interest for training programs. And organization
likes to provide off job training (30%) to remove the problem of time. And less 20% respondents
were in favor that organization prepared strong budget for the efficient implementation of
training program.
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Q6. What mode of training method is normally used in your organization?
Job rotation 10 20
External training 18 36
Conference/discussion 15 30
Programmed instruction 07 14
TABLE 6
20
18
18
16
14 15
12 Series1
10
10
8
6 7
4
2
0
job rotation external training conference/ programed
discussion instruction
INTERPRETATION:-
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The given graph shows, the maximum (36%) of the respondents in the
favor that organization provides the external training. 20% and 30% in the favor that
organization provides the job rotation and conference/discussion training.
Q7. What are the conditions that have to be improved during the training sessions?
Remove interference 15 30
should pos-
fond of talking sess only
to people technical skills
24% 20%
generalist
makes better
personnel
manager people and
12% soft skills are
more impor-
tant
44%
INTERPRETATION:-
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The given pie chart shows, the organization doing the lots of practices to
make training program more effective. 38% respondent in favor of upgrade the information
while training program implemented in the organization. 30% and 24% respondent in favor to
remove the interference and redesign the job to make training program more effective.
Q08. What are the skills that the trainer should possess to make the training more effective?
should pos-
fond of talking sess only
to people technical skills
24% 20%
generalist
makes better
personnel
manager people and
12% soft skills are
more impor-
tant
44%
INTERPRETATION:-
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The given pie chart shows the different skills of the trainer that should be
possess. 44% respondent said, the trainer should possess people skills and soft skills. 24% said
fond of talking to people, 20% said should possess only technical skills and rest 12% said
generalist makes better personnel manager.
Q09. Do you agree that enough time was provided to learn about the subject covered in the training
program?
Strongly agree 10 20
Agree 30 60
Undecided 02 04
Disagree 05 10
Strongly disagree 03 06
25
20
15
10
0
strongly agree agree undecided disagree strongly
disagree
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INTERPRETATION:
The given graph shows, big portion of the respondents (40) in the favor
that organization provides the enough time to understand the subject covered in the training
program. But rest 10 against the effort of organization.
Q10. Do you think that the training leads to enhancement of your skill?
Strongly agree 12 24
Agree 26 52
Undecided 02 04
Disagree 08 16
Strongly disagree 02 04
25
20
15
10
0
strongly agree agree undecided disagree strongly
disagree
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INTERPRETATION:-
The given graph shows, 12 and 26 responded in favor that training helps to
increase the skills of the employees. But 2 were undecided. And rest 10 responded were in
against. JCBL continuously keep check on the training program in the organization to enhance
the skill of the employees.
Q11. Do you think that the knowledge and skills gained from the training program directly apply to your
work?
Strongly agree 20 40
Agree 22 44
Undecided 02 04
Disagree 04 08
Strongly disagree 02 04
29
25
20
15
10
0
strongly agree agree undecided disagree strongly
disagree
INTERPRETATION:-
The given graph shows, huge no. of respondents (20+22) in favor that they
apply the knowledge, skills learned from the training programs to their work. Some portions of
respondent were against of the statement. Here it’s clear the training program really beneficial
for the organization.
Q12. Do you think that freedom is given to you to show your skills and knowledge during training
program?
Strongly agree 10 20
Agree 20 40
Undecided 04 08
Disagree 10 20
Strongly disagree 06 12
30
25
20
15
10
0
strongly agree agree undecided disagree strongly
disagree
INTERPRETATION:-
Chapter-4
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Findings and recommendations
Limitations of the study
Bibliography
Abbreviations used (If applicable)
Annexure/Appendix
CONCLUSION
It is concluded from the survey on “Training & Development” that training program conducted
in JCBL Ltd, is very effective in improving the skill and knowledge of the employee to meet the
present and future requirement of the organization. It’s found that training place a crucial role in
not only the development of employees but also in achieving the overall organizational goals.
Through the research work it was found that employees were very satisfied by the training
provided to them and strongly agreed that after training their confidence have increased and their
skill and knowledge has also been increased and hence, there was remarkable improvement in
their performance.
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SUGGESTIONS
It is recommended that managers must ask their employees from time to time what kind of
changes they think should be brought as many employees would like to introduce or accept
certain changes in their present job.
For the above, managers must hold meetings with officers and executives of their respective
departments after at least 3 months and encourage employees to share their views and give
suggestions for any kind of change in their job or in the organization.
If the capabilities are present and the department wants to have some fun while learning, develop
a game. This game can be anything from family feud to jeopardy and more. In either format, the
employees have the answer to the questions created by management department relating to work
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situations or people. It is amazing what people will remember from a fun situation versus a
forced learning experience.
When conducting the training classes, attempt should be made to keep them informative. While
communicating the ideas is important, the goal should also be to keep the employees interest and
entertained during the workshop.
Through all this, what I would like you to remember is ‘Learning can, and should be a FUN’.
During the period of research training, I have made all the possible efforts to gain insight into the
various aspects of training and development at JCBL. I have gone into the details of various
procedures, methods and techniques of training and development being followed at JCBL. But
still this study has following limitations:-
Analysis is only a means not an end. The analysis has been done on the basis of my own
interpretations and up to my best knowledge but every analyst has his/her own interpretations
and suggestions.
The shortage of time was no doubt the major limitation in the study; the stipulated period was
not sufficient to understand each & every aspect of the system.
Span of contact was limited to a number of people in organization. It is also the limitation of
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the study.
Sample size is limited due to restrictions, work discipline and time constraints.
Limitations of subjectivity of respondents involved in the study.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MAGZINES
Edited by:-
Paul Lewis, William J. Rothwell, Linda Miller, AAhad Osman-Gani
Books consulted
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Human Resource Management by T.N Chabra ,edited by dhanpat publication ,page no:-
223 to 276.
Approaches to training and development ,by DUGAN LAIRD,edition:-THIRD,third
edition revised and updated by SHARON S.NAQUIN.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,edition:-THIRTEEN,by:-ROBERT
L.MATHIS.
Website Consulted
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India
http://www.jcbl.com/
http://brent.tvu.ac.uk/dissguide/hm1u1/hm1u1text2.htm
http://www.citehr.com/
http://books.google.co.in/books?
id=CQYzuwkK1fMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=training+and+development+process&hl=e
n&sa=X&ei=1miFT-
XtBojMrQen5PC6Bg&ved=0CEkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=training%20and
%20development%20process&f=false
ANNEXEURE/APPENDIX
Q1. Your Organization considers training as a part of organizational strategy. Do you agree with this
statement?
E. Strongly disagree
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Q3. To whom the training is given more in your organization?
Q4. What are all the important barriers to Training and Development in your organization?
Q5. What tactics organization used to remove the barriers in the training program? That
makes success of training program in organization?
Q7. . What are the conditions that have to be improved during the training sessions?
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Q8. What are the skills that the trainer should possess to make the training more effective?
Ans. A. should possess only technical skills B. people or soft skills are more important
Q9. Do you agree that enough time was provided to learn about the subject covered in the
training program?
E. Strongly disagree
Q10. Do you think that the training leads to enhancement of your skill?
E. Strongly disagree
Q11. Do you think that the knowledge and skills gained from the training program directly
apply to your work?
E. Strongly disagree
Q12. Do you think that freedom is given to you to show your skills and knowledge during
training program?
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Ans. A. Strongly agree B. Agree C. Somewhat agree D. Disagree
E. Strongly disagree
DATE:-…………………
PLACE:-…………………
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