ANNUAL SYLLABUS

SUBJECT: PHYSICS (CODE-42)

CLASS: XII (2025-26)
CONTENT

UNIT 1 ELECTROSTATICS
Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields
Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two- point charges, forces
between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field,
electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole,
torque on a dipole in uniform electric field. Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its
applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet
and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system
of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges and
of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges
inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of
capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without
dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).

UNIT-II CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Chapter–3: Current Electricity
Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their
relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy
and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal
resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in
parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge.

UNIT–III MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot - Savart law and its application to current
carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight
solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric
fields. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel
current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform
magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil
galvanometer- its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field
intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis
(qualitative treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field
(qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines. Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and
ferro – magnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on
magnetic properties.

UNIT–IV ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Self and mutual
induction.

Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance;
LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current.
AC generator, Transformer.
UNIT V: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves
Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse
nature (qualitative idea only). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared,
visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
UNIT VI: OPTICS
Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal
reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s
formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light
through a prism. Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and
refracting) and their magnifying powers.

*Note: - The above-mentioned syllabus must be completed by 06th, September 2025.

Revision: Mid Term Examination

Mid Term Examination

Discussion of Mid Term Exam Question Paper

Chapter–10: Wave Optics
Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane
surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle.
Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final
expression only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit,
width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only).

UNIT VII: DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's
photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of photoelectric effect Matter
waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

UNIT VIII: ATOMS AND NUCLEI

Chapter–12: Atoms
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model of hydrogen atom,
Expression for radius of nth possible orbit, velocity and energy of electron in nth orbit, hydrogen
line spectra (qualitative treatment only).

Chapter–13: Nuclei
Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy
per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

UNIT IX: ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics:
Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators
(qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction
Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction diode
-diode as a rectifier.

All the syllabus Must be completed by 06th, December 2025.

Revision from Support material and Practice Papers uploaded on MIS

PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION (2025-26)

Discussion of Pre-board Exam Question Paper
CBSE BOARD EXAM 2025-26
COURSE STRUCTURE

CLASS: 12, SUBJECT: PHYSICS THEORY (CODE-42)

Time: 3 hrs. Max Marks: 70

UNIT CHAPTERS MARKS

Unit–I Electrostatics
Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields
Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 16
Unit-II Current Electricity
Chapter–3: Current Electricity
Unit–III Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter
Unit–IV Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents 17
Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter–7: Alternating Current
Unit-V Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves
Unit–VI Optics 18
Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Chapter–10: Wave Optics
Unit–VII Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 12
Unit–VIII Atoms and Nuclei
Chapter–12: Atoms
Chapter–13: Nuclei
Unit–IX Electronic Devices
Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and 7
Simple Circuits
Total 70

For relevant NCERT textual material and further information kindly refer to CBSE guidelines

https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/CurriculumMain26/SrSec/Physics_SrSec_2025-
26.pdf