SAP

What does SAP stands for – SAP stands for Systems, Applications and
Products in data processing.
SAP is the fourth largest software company in the world.
The SAP R/3 system is a business software package designed to integrate
all areas of a business.
It provides end to end solutions for financials, manufacturing, logistics,
distribution etc.
All business processes are executed in one SAP system and sharing
common information with everyone.
More about SAP
• SAP is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system by SAP AG, company
based out of Walldorf in Germany. AG is derived from the German word
AKtiengesellschaft. According to German Language SAP Stands for
Systeme, Anwendungen und Produkte in Der Datenverarbeitung. SAP
software suite that is being implemented as part of re-engineering and
Provides end to end solutions for financial, logistics, distribution,
inventories. Present scenario large number of companies are using sap
software for their day to day business activities.
• After the hugely successful R/3, SAP created more and more niche
software like Customer Relationship Management (CRM), SRM, XI (now
called Process Integration or PI) and once again living up to the standards
of SAP by maintaining tight integration with their core ECC software. The
newest version of the suite is SAP ECC 6.0.
History of SAP
• SAP Founded in and around 1972 by five IBM engineers Hopp, Wellenreuther,
Hector, Tschira and Plattner.
• SAP R/1 :– The first version of SAP software was launched in and around
1972 known as the “R/1 system. R” stands for real-time data processing. it is one
tier architecture in which three layers Presentation, Application and Database are
installed in one system/server
• (one – Presentation + Application + Database)
• SAP R/2 :– In 1979 second version of SAP R/2 was released. with IBM’s database
and a dialogue-oriented business application. SAP R/2 to handle different
languages and currencies. R/2 is 2 tier architecture in which three layers
Presentation, Application and Database are installed in two separate server.
• (Server one – Presentation, Server two – Application + Database
• SAP R/3 :– SAP upgraded R/2 to R/3. SAP R/3 is the client/server version of the
software and it is 3 tier architecture in which three layers Presentation,
Application and data base are installed in three server/system.
• Server one – Presentation, Server Two – Application, server Three – Database
Products of SAP
• SAP R/3 and R/3 Enterprise
• mySAP Business Suite
• SAP ERP
• SAP Industry Solutions
• SAP xApps
• SAP Solution Manager
Industry Solutions of SAP
SAP R/3 – Modules & Integration
• SAP Functional Modules
• FICO – Finance & Control
• PP – Production Planning
• MM – Material Management
• SD – Sales & Distribution
• HR – Human Resources
• CRM – Customer Relationship Management
• SAP Technical Modules
• ABAP – Advanced business applications programming
• XI – Exchange Infrastructure
• Net viewer
• Basis
• BIW – Business Information Warehousing
What is SAP FICO ?
• SAP FICO Stands for FI (Financial Accounting) and CO
(Controlling). SAP FICO is the imp module of ERP and both Finance
and Controlling modules stores the financial transactions data. The
‘FI (Financial Accounting)’ records, collects, and processes financial
transactions or information on a real-time basis to provide the
necessary inputs for external (statutory) reporting purpose. SAP CO
plays an important role for the management decision making purpose
and for the internal reporting purpose. Read More for SAP FICO
FICO contains the following sub-modules.
FI CO

General Ledger accounting Cost Element Accounting

Accounts Receivables Cost Center Accounting

Accounts Payable Profit Center Accounting

Asset Accounting Internal Orders

Bank Accounting Product Cost Controlling

Consolidation Profitability Analysis

Special Purpose Ledger

Travel Management
• What is SAP MM ?
• SAP MM ( Material Management ) is one of the imp
module in SAP ERP software and it supports the
procurement and inventory functions occurring in
day-to-day business operations. This MM module
contains many aspects such as purchasing, goods
receiving, material storage, consumption-based
planning, and inventory. SAP MM module is fully
integrated with other modules in the SAP R/3 System
such as FICO, SD, QM, PM, PP, and WM. Read
More for SAP MM
• SAP PP

• The Production Planning application module is used to plan and

control the manufacturing activities of a company. consists of all
system configuration, master data, , and complete solution to
Produce process. Read more for SAP PP Training
• SAP SD ?
• SAP SD ( Sales and Distribution ) is important module of SAP and it is a
part of logistics. The main activities of SD are sales order handling,
distribution of shipments to customers, billing process, customer
invoice, delivery. SD module is fully integrated with other modules in
the SAP R/3 System such as Finance, Purchasing(MM), Production
Planning(PP). Read Mor for SAP SD
• What is SAP HR ?
• SAP Human Resources manages complete employee life cycle and payroll. All
aspects are covered from training to appraisal. Read more for SAP Human Capital
management
• Advantages of SAP :-
• SAP software manages these business management tasks in modules that all
work together in one system by sharing information.
• Promoting consistent practice across an entire division
• No duplicate data
• Automate Project Monitoring and Multi dimensional and flexible reporting
• Standardization of business processes
• Make Planning, Scheduling, Tracking and Management easier leaving more time
for you to perform value-added work
• Ability to provide clear cut job roles with authorizations
• Enabling integration with e-commerce
• Cost Savings on overheads such as Stationery, File Storage, etc
• Why – SAP R/3 software has been successful
• Multi-Lingual
• Secure Information
• Multi-Currency
• Best business Practice
• Enterprise-Wide
• Real time processing with an integrated suite of client/server applications
• SAP R/3 Architecture
• SAP Systems contains three layers such as Presentation Layer, Application
Layer and Database Layer.
• Presentation: – It is a layer where the user work with SAP GUI. It interacts
with database layer via Application layer.
• Application: – It interacts between presentation and database layer
• Database: – It is a central database that stores all the data of ERP SAP
Systems.
• SAP Business Suites
• SAP offering various applications along with the ERP SAP to meet the customer requirement. The important
applications of SAP are as follows.
• SAP Supply Chain Management (SAP SCM)
• SAP Customer Relationship Management (SAP CRM)
• SAP Product Life Cycle Management (SAP PLM)
• SAP Supplier Relationship Management (SAP SRM)
• SAP Advanced Planning and Optimization (SAP APO)
• Phases of SAP Implementation project
• Phase 1 – Project Preparation,
• Phase 2 – Business Blueprint,
• Phase 3 – Realization,
• Phase 4 – Final Preparation,
• Phase 5 – Go-Live and support
•
What is SAP Instance & SAP SID?

What is an Instance?
Sap Instance is a group of resources such as
•Memory
•Work Processes
•Dispatcher
•Gateway
usually for a single application or database server within a SAP R/3 client-server environment.
There are three types of instances:-
1.Dialog instance
2.Central Instance
3.Database Instance
SAP System= Dialog Instance + Central Instance + Database Instance.
• For one SAP system, all three instances share the same directory.
• Dialog Instance: - Dialog instance exists in the application layer. Its purpose
is to maintain the load on the server. Dialog instance exists on the different
host. If a number of dialog instance increases hardware resources,
dispatcher, workprocesses also increases so that more number of users can
login at a time.
• Central Instance: - Central instance can also work as dialog instance. But
the main thing is that it contains Enqueue and message servers. All dialog
instances communicate with central instance before requesting database
with message server. When an instance is started, the dispatcher process
attempts to establish a connection to the message server so that it can
announce the services it provides (DIA, BTC, SPO, UPD, etc.).Lock table is
managed in central instance by enqueue service.
• Database Instance: - As normal database instance accepts requests from
central instance to fulfill the user's requests. As lock management system
provided by enqueue server, it will provide service to users.
• What is SID?
• SID is a unique identification code for every R/3 installation (SAP system) consisting of a
database server & several application servers. SID stands for SAP System Identification.
SAPSID — a three-character code such as C11, PRD, E56, etc.)
• Logical System Names: -
• When data is distributed between different systems, each system within a network has
to be clearly identifiable. The "logical system" deals with this issue.
• A logical system is an application system in which the applications work together on a
common database. In SAP terms, the logical system is a client.
• Since the logical system name is used to identify a system uniquely within the network,
two systems cannot have the same name if they are connected to each other as BW
systems or as source systems, or if there are plans to connect them in any way.
• Example for production system logical system name might be:-
• SID – PBG
• SID Description - P=Production(type) , B=BW(component) , G=Germany.(plant name)
• Logical System name-
• PBGCLNT100.This form is easy to understand.
What is ERP

•
ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning, it is a business software
systems that support business or enterprise throughout the project in
organizing, planning, maintaining, tracking and utilization
of resources (Man, Machine, Material and Money) effectively.
• If you are new to ERP, the first question which arises in your mind
is What is an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), ERP System, ERP
software and why it is so important for business success.
•ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning.
•ERP is gate way to integrate the data and processes of an organization into single
system with all modules that supports the core business areas. Its recommended to
read about SAP modules list.
•Enterprise Resource Planning systems cover all basic functions of an
organization
•Enterprise Resource Planning is developing into a Multi-Module Application
Software Package that enables business processes across the supply chain
management.
•ERP Software allows to integrate all the operational units such as financing, human
resources, manufacturing, sales, marketing, finance & accounting, procurement,
inventory management and so on.
•ERP software system allows the business to achieve real time business process,
increase productivity, improves delivery, reduce cost and increase profits, increase
product quality,improve information and performance management.
If u get an query what is erp, simply we can explain ERP is a business suite with
number of applications that are integrated together and assist a organization in
collecting, managing and reporting information throughout the business process.
• Why do we Need ERP Software
• ERP is an integrated systems of different business process for e.g. if a
company has different departments like sales department, production
department, material management, finance department,etc, so
in ERP we have an integration of all the departments and they all use
common database.
• We can have standardization of systems across locations. For e.g. for
MNC companies can have different plants in different locations with
standard systems.
• Erp systems helps to have a better controlling over the different
process.
• As ERP is a integrated systems, it helps to provide the better
reporting.
• History of ERP Systems
• ERP System have took years to emerge and is still evolving. These systems
are transformation and ever-changing.
• Before early ERP-type systems emerged, in the prehistoric age of 1960 and
early 1970’s Departmentalised systems came into picture.
• In 1970’s manufacturing chain was the center of business operations. This
led to the development of MRP systems.
• The second phase of ERP development occurred in 1980’s which focused
more on quality measures which led to the evolution of MRP II Systems.
• In the 1990’s, Enterprise Resource Planning started using multi-module
application to increase organizations process. ERP Systems integrates with
all the modules of organization’s business modules and this led to the
evolution of ERP System.
• The benefits of ERP systems are: customer satisfaction, better information,
productivity, increased quality and decreases in time to market, product
cost, delivery time, inventory levels.
What is an ERP software and its components
• Advantages of Implementation of an ERP system :
• Reduced redundancy in entering data
• ERP system provides the real time information all needs of the organization in a
single system.
• It Allow everyone to access same source and share same source of information
• It allow to access, update instantly and saves lot of time.
• Integration among different functional areas to ensure proper communication,
productivity and efficiency
• The Accounting for all of these tasks, tracking the Revenue, Cost and Profit on a
granular level.
• Allow standardisation of business processes and enterprise’s information.
• It is a single source of systems that can be use through out the organization.
• ERP software enables real time information availability, reduction in inventory
and cycle times.
• Disadvantages of ERP Systems:-
• The disadvantages of ERP systems are as follows :-
• Takes a lot of effort and time and requires a lot of training
• Customization of the ERP software is limited, you may not allowed to
design application as per business requirements.
• ERP systems can be very expensive to install.
• ERP Systems centralize the data in one place and this can increase the
risk of loss of sensitive information in the event of a security violation.
• The usage of ERP system can be difficult for users, so appropriate
training is to required to use the ERP software.
Before ERP AFTER ERP
• What is ERP in Manufacturing
• A manufacturing company could use an ERP system to track and
manage virtually every operation in the organization. Requests for
Proposal (RFP) and corresponding quotes can be entered and
assigned to any large database of customers. Quotes can be changed
to Sales orders upon receipt of purchase orders, with line items and
corresponding prices that represent goods to be delivered to a
customer.
• What is ERP SAP Software
• SAP is an Enterprise Resource Planning software that supports all the
companies business process. It integrates with all SAP modules and
provides the accurate business solutions of financial, sales,
manufacturing etc.
Common ERP Software Modules
Sales Order (SO)
Purchase Order (PO)
Finance and Accounting
Manufacturing Resource Planning
Customer relationship management (CRM)
Human Resources
Procurement
Marketing
• The important modules in ERP SAP Systems are as follows-
• What is SAP FICO: – SAP FICO stands for Financial Accounting and
controlling. It is one of the important module of ERP because it store
all the financial transactions data of company. It is used for extract the
financial statements of balance sheet and Profit & Loss accounts for
external reporting. Read more for SAP FICO
• What is SAP MM: – SAP MM stands for Material Management, it
supports the procurement process and inventory functions of day to
day operations. SAP MM module carriers all the activities of material
planning and control, purchasing, inventory management, goods
receipt and invoice verification. Read more ERP SAP MM
• What is ERP SD: – SAP SD stands for Sales and Distribution, it handles
all the process of order to delivery and execute all the process of
sales, shipping and billing of goods and services. Read more for SAP
SD.
• What is SAP HR: – SAP HR is also known as HCM (Human Capital
Management), it handles all the activities of employees from hiring to
final termination in organization. Read more ERP SAP HR
• What is SAP ABAP: – SAP ABAP stands for Advanced Business
Application Programming, it is a fourth generation programming
language that is used to develop the SAP applications. Read more
for what is SAP ABAP
•Why ERP
•It is a singe application integrated software
program.
•It is a singe database systems.
•ERP systems allows to share the information
and communicated more effectively.
•ERP automates customer orders, order
fulfilment, billing, shipping and tracking and
so on.
Db01 is used for onitoring exclusive lock waits. Exclusive lock wait happens when a process wants to
lock a database object exclusively but this lock is prevented by a another database transaction ,then
the system blocks the lock request until the current database transaction releases the object again
Db02 is used to display many information related to SAP table and its indexes like size ,storage
quality,number of distinct values for column , growth history. These information can be used in
program and system performance analysis.
Db12 is to collect and present information that is
necessary to monitor database backups
Db13 is used to plan backup schedule
Db15 is used for achieving objects
ST04
Centralized Computing Center Management

System (CCMS) reporting. Centralized (CEN) (CCMS) is a SAP monitoring capability. Use this capability
to report CCMSalerts for multiple SAP systems to a central monitoring hub. You monitor the
SAPenvironment fromone CCMS console.
STMS TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
STMS is the transport tool that assists the CTO for central management of all transport functions.
TMS is used for performing: Defining Transport Domain Controller. Configuring the SAP system
Landscape. Defining the Transport Routes among systems within the system Landscape
SAP MM Training. SE01 (Transport Organizer (Extended)) is a standard
SAPtransaction code available within R/3 SAP systems depending on
your version and release level.
SE06 Set Up Workbench Organizer
Transaction code SE06 has to be executed once in every newly installed R/3 System. This applies to an R/3
standard installation as well as the installation of a copy of an existing R/3 system. SE06 provides the following
functions for processing after installation:
Generating basic settings of
the Change & Transport Organizer.
Closing other requests & tasks.
Setting the system change option.
SE07 CTS Status Display
SAP transaction SE07 (CTS Status Display) is classified in the Basis Component
module under application component Transport Management System and runs CTS:
Transaction for Analyzing to import all program RDDSTR01 upon execution.
SE09 Workbench Organizer ( Release Transport )/SE10 Customizing Organizer
The Workbench Organizer in the ABAP/4 Workbench is used for organizing software
development projects. It is designed to support both large and small, as well as
central and local development projects.
SE11 ABAP/4 Dictionary Maintenance
By using this transaction code, you can create, change and display table entries and
structures. 2. At the initial screen, you can put any tables or structures to view, edit
or even create a new one. Transaction code SE11 is normally used a ABAP
programmer.
SE16 Data Browser
The transaction code SE-16 is a Data Browser.It allows you to go
through the contents of the data dictionary objects
SE80
Description : Object Navigator

Main Category : Basis

Sub Category : Repository Browser

SCC1 Transport Role from one Client to Other
Transaction code SCC1 is a supplement to the client copy. It can be used to transfer individual transport requests
directly out for the source client into the the current client. The activities are listed in a clearly structured copy
log. For test purposes, you can start the report in test mode, which generates a log as in the production run but
does not perform any database update. If the number or size of the tables is very large, you are recommended
to start this report in the background.