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Elecs

The document discusses the history of electronics from early experiments with electric currents in vacuum tubes in the late 1800s to the development of integrated circuits in the 1950s. It covers many important milestones and inventors including the vacuum tube, transistor, integrated circuit, and contributions to computing and wireless communication.

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Adriel John
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47 views

Elecs

The document discusses the history of electronics from early experiments with electric currents in vacuum tubes in the late 1800s to the development of integrated circuits in the 1950s. It covers many important milestones and inventors including the vacuum tube, transistor, integrated circuit, and contributions to computing and wireless communication.

Uploaded by

Adriel John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE1: ELECTRONICS

DEVICES AND CIRCUITS


HISTORY
HISTORY
 Early experiments with electronics involved electric
currents in vacuum tubes. Heinrich Geissler
(1814-1879) removed most of the air from a glass
tube and found that the tube glowed when there
was current through it.

 Later, Sir William Crookes (1832-1919) found the


current in vacuum tubes seemed to consist of
particles.
HISTORY
 Thomas Edison (1847-1931) experimented with
carbon filament bulbs with plates and discovered
that there was a current from the hot filament to a
positively charged plate. He patented the idea but
never used it.
 Other early experimenters measured the properties
of the particles that flowed in vacuum tubes. Sir
Joseph Thompson (1856-1940) measured
properties of these particles, later called electrons.
HISTORY
 Although wireless telegraphic communication dates back to
1844, electronics is basically a 20th century concept that
began with the invention of the vacuum tube amplifier.

 An early vacuum tube that allowed current in only one


direction was constructed by John Ambrose Fleming in
1904. Called the Fleming valve, it was the forerunner of
vacuum tube diodes.
HISTORY
 Although wireless telegraphic communication dates back to 1844,
electronics is basically a 20th century concept that began with the
invention of the vacuum tube amplifier.
 An early vacuum tube that allowed current in only one direction was
constructed by John A. Fleming in 1904. Called the Fleming valve, it
was the forerunner of vacuum tube diodes.
 In 1907, Lee DeForest added a grid to the vacuum tube. The new
device, called the audiotron, could amplify a weak signal. By adding
the control element, DeForest ushered in the electronics revolution.
It was an improved version of his device that made transcontinental
telephone service and radios possible. In 1912. a radio amateur in
San Jose, California, was regularly broadcasting music!
HISTORY
 In 1921, the secretary of commerce, Herbert Hoover, issued the first
license to a broadcast radio station; within two years over 600
licenses were issued. By the end of the 1920s radios were in many
homes. A new type of radio, the superheterodyne radio, invented by
Edwin Armstrong, solved problems with high-frequency
communication.
 In 1923, Vladimir Zworykin, an American researcher, invented the
first television picture tube, and in 1927 Philo T. Farnsworth applied
for a patent for a complete television system.
HISTORY
 The 1930s saw many developments in radio, including metal tubes,
automatic gain control. "midget" radios, and directional antennas.
 Also started in this decade was the development of the first
electronic computers. Modern computers trace their origins to the
work of John Atanasoff at Iowa State University.
 Beginning in 1937, he envisioned a binary machine that could do
complex mathematical work. By 1939, he and graduate student
Clifford Berry had constructed a binary machine called ABC, (for
Atanasoff-Berry Computer) that used vacuum tubes for logic and
condensers (capacitors) for memory.
HISTORY
 In 1939, the mag- netron, a microwave oscillator, was invented in
Britain by Henry Boot and John Randall. In the same year, the
klystron microwave tube was invented in America by Russell and
Sigurd Varian.
HISTORY
 The decade of the I 940s opened with World War II. The war spurred
rapid advancements in electronics. Radar and very high-frequency
communication were made possible by the magnetron and klystron.
 Cathode ray tubes were improved for use in radar. Computer work
continued during the war. By 1946, John von Neumann had
developed the first stored program computer, the ENIAC, at the
University of Pennsylvania.
HISTORY
 One of the most significant inventions ever occurred in 1947 with the
invention of the transistor. The inventors were Walter Brattain, John
Bardeen. and William Shockley.
 All three won Nobel prizes for their invention. PCB (printed circuit
boards) were also introduced in 1947. Commercial manufacturing of
transistors didn't begin until 1951 in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
 The most important invention in1950’s was the integrated circuit. On
September 12, 1958, Jack Kilby, at Texas Instruments made the first
integrated circuit for which he was awarded Nobel prize in the fall of
2000.

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