The Internet

and the
World Wide Web Living in the IT Era – Chapter 3

Prepared by: Ms. Darrel Ann Stephany P. Fontanilla

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At the end of this chapter, the students

should be able to:

1. Trace the history of the internet;

2. Identify the ways to access and connect to the internet;
3. Analyze how data travels through the internet;
4. Perform search functions on the web; and
5. Create a personal web page.
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The Internet
- A worldwide network connecting to a million of computers via
dedicated routers and servers.
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The Internet Then

and Now
The internet has evolved into something different from the
special-purpose, restricted-use network its planners originally
envisioned it to be (Norton, 2012)
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OVERVIEW ON THE INTERNET’S HISTORY

○ ARPANET (Advance Research Projects Agency’s Wide Area

Network)
- Started the internet, and was established by the U.S.
Department of Defense in the 1960s so that the military’s
research unit could collaborate or partner with business
and government laboratories

○ ARPANET connected to different universities and U.S.

institutions and became known as the “Internet”

○ The advancement of the hypertext-based technology known as

World Wide Web (WWW) has provided many channels for
displaying text, graphics, animations, and others. Other
features of enabling search and offering navigation tools
prompted the internet’s unpredictable worldwide growth
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The Internet2 Environment: Future Empowerment

✖ A not-for-profit networking consortium founded in 1996 by 34 university
research institutions in the U.S.
✖ Provides collaborative environment where U.S. research and education
organizations work together and develop advanced technologies and
innovative solutions such as telemedicine, digital libraries, and virtual
laboratories to assist education, research, and community development
✖ Internet2 manages the Internet2 Network, a next-generation optical and
internet protocol network that is capable of delivering enhanced network
services, better, faster and more efficient than a typical internet or broadband
connection
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The Internet2 Environment: Future Empowerment

✖ Began operating the Internet2 DCN (Dynamic Circuit Network), an advanced
technology that allows user-based allocation of data circuits over the fiber-optic
network
✖ As of May 2016, this community comprises 317 U.S. higher education
institutions, 81 corporations, 64 affiliates and affiliate members, 43 regional and
state education networks and more than 65 national research and education
networking partners representing over 100 countries
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The Internet2 Environment: Future Empowerment

✖ One of the Internet2’s international peers reachable via Trans-Eurasia
Information Network (TEIN) in the Philippines is the Philippine Research,
Education and Government Information Network (PREGINET)
✖ In August 2017, held the national training course on nuclear neurology wherein
nationwide webcast is provided to different hospitals by the PREGINET and the
video conference server was hosted locally at the Department of Science and
Technology-Advanced Science and Technology Institute (DOST-ASTI)
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Internet Today: Still Growing

✖ As of January 2018, there are 4.021 billion number of internet
users, which means more than half the world’s population is now
online (We Are Social and Hootsuite, 2018)
✖ The internet has no central ownership, which means no single
person or group controls the network
✖ The Internet Society and the World Wide Web Consortium are
one of those several organizations that propose the standards for
internet-related technologies and guidelines for its appropriate
use
✖ The internet is open to anyone who access it
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Jobs the Internet Can Do

There is only one simple job that the internet does, it is to move,
transfer, or assign a computerized information from one
place to another.
This information can be in the form of text documents, images,
audio, video, and software programs, among others. All these are
known as data.
The internet can handle different kinds of information and assist
people to perform various jobs.
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How Data Travels the Internet

✖ Data and information are transferred around the world through

wired or wireless transmission media
✖ Data is transferred from one network to another until it reaches its
final destination
✖ Much of internet runs on the ordinary public telephone network.
However, there is a big difference between how a telephone call
works and how the internet carries data
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✖ Circuit Switching is one of the most common schemes utilized to

build a communications network. However, is insufficient because
staying connected over a telephone means blocking other users from
using it
✖ A traditional dial-up connection to the net, in which a computer dials
a telephone number to reach the internet service provider, uses circuit
switching
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✖ Packet switching is a mode of transmission in which the message is

broken into smaller parts (called packets) which are sent
independently, and then reassemble at the ultimate destination

○ Compared to circuit switching, packet switching, therefore, is

much more efficient. A permanent connection is not necessary
between two places communicating, which avoids blocking the
entire chunk of the network each time a message is sent
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Comparison between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching

Switching
Method
Pros Cons Key Features

Dedicated channels can

cause delays because a
It offers a dedicated channel is unvailable It offers the capability of
transmission channel until one side storing messages
Circuit Switching that is reversed until it is disconnects. Is uses a temporarily to reduce
disconnected dedicated physical link network congestion.
between the sending and
receiving devices

The two types of packet

Packets can be lost while switching are datagram and
Packets can be routed taking altenative routes virtual circuit. Datagram
around network to the destination. packets are independently
sent and can take different
Packet Switching congestion. Packet Messages are divided paths throughout the
switching makes efficient into packets that containt network. Virtual circuit uses
use of network bandwith source and destination a logical connection
information. between the sources and
the destination device.
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What
Computers Do
on the
Internet ?
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Servers

✖ These are computers that world like electronic filing cabinets that
store information and send it when clients request so
✖ Designed to process any requests for data and delivers data to other
client computers over a local network or the internet
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Client

✖ A computer or device that gets information from a server

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Active
Directory
Domain
Services

✖ AD DS is a computer that holds the user accounts, computer

accounts, organizational units, and application services
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Domain Name
System

✖ DNS is another server machine that helps the Dynamic Host

Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server that configures IPv4 and IPv6
addresses specifically in giving names to each IP address up to its
root recognition
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Web Server II

✖ A machine that holds users’ mail services and Web services

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File Server

✖ A machine that holds and manages documents

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Print Server

✖ A device that connects printers to client computers through the

internet
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Router

✖ A hardware device that is designed to receive, analyze, and send

incoming packets to another network
✖ Can be compared to a simple mailbox placed at the corner of a
street and which represents your single point of entry to the
worldwide network
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Thanks!
Any questions?
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