Tishk International University

Science Faculty
IT Department

Intro to IT-II
Lecture -1-

1st Grade- Spring Semester 2019-2020

Instructor: Payam Wali

Intro to IT-I Recap
 Computer
 I/O Devices
 Operating System
 IT careers
 Numbering System
 Pillars of IT

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COURSE CONTENT

• Web Systems
• Database

• Programming and development

• Human Computer Interaction

• Networking
• Computer security

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Edmodo

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OUTLINE

• Internet and the web

• Web generations
• Types of website
• What's the difference between internet and the web ?

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Internet and the Web
• The Internet is a large network that connects together smaller networks all over the
globe. The web, also known as the World Wide Web or WWW, was introduced in
1991.

• Prior to the web, the Internet was all text—no graphics, animations, sound, or video.

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The web
 The World Wide Web—usually called the Web for short—is a
collection of different websites you can access through the
Internet. A website is made up of related text, images, and other
resources. Websites can resemble other forms of media—like
newspaper articles or television programs—or they can be interactive
in a way that's unique to computers.
 The web made it possible to include these elements. It provided a
multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet.
 The purpose of a website can be almost anything: a news platform, an
advertisement, an online library, a forum for sharing images, or an
educational site.

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Web generations
• The first generation of the web (Information Web), known as Web 1.0, was present
between 1990-2000, focused on linking existing information. In this generation
search programs, like Google Search, were created to provide links to websites
containing specific words or phrases.

• In 2001, the second generation, Web 2.0 ( Social Web), evolved to support more
dynamic content creation and social interaction. Facebook is one of the best-known
Web 2.0 applications.

• Web 3.0 ( The Semantic Web). It focuses on applications that automatically prepare
personalized content for users. In comparison to Web 2.0 that primarily focuses on
people, Web 3.0 is an extension that is focused on the intelligent connection between
people and machines. Computers can look at, for example, a users Google search
history.

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Types of Website
1. Static Website

2. Dynamic Website

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What’s the difference between Internet and the web?
• It is easy to get the Internet and the web confused, but they are not the same thing.
• The Internet is the physical network. It is made up of wires, cables, satellites, and rules for
exchanging information between computers connected to the network.

• Being connected to this network is often described as being online.

• The Internet connects millions of computers and resources throughout the world.
• The web is a multimedia interface to the resources available on the Internet. Every day over
a billion users from nearly every country in the world use the Internet and the web. What are
they doing?

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The most common uses are the following:
• Communicating is by far the most popular Internet activity. You can exchange e-
mail, photos, and videos with your family and friends from almost anywhere in the
world. You can locate old friends and make new friends. You can join and listen to
discussions and debates on a wide variety of special-interest topics.
 Shopping is one of the fastest-growing Internet applications. You can window shop,
look for the latest fashions, search for price and make purchases.
 Searching for information has never been more convenient. You can access some of
the world’s largest libraries directly from your home computer. You can find the
latest local, national, and international news.

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 Education or e-learning is another rapidly emerging web application. You can take
classes on almost any subject. There are courses just for fun, and there are courses
for high school, college, and graduate school credit. Some cost nothing to take and
others cost a lot.

 Entertainment options are nearly endless. You can find music, movies, magazines,
and computer games. You will find live concerts, movie previews, book clubs, and
interactive live games. To learn more about online entertainment.

• The first step to using the Internet and the web is to get connected or to gain access
to the Internet.

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Internet Access
• Once you are on the Internet, your computer becomes an extension of what seems like a giant
computer—a computer that branches all over the world. When provided with a connection to the
Internet, you can use a browser program to search the web.

 Providers
• The most common way to access the Internet is through an Internet service provider (ISP). The
providers are already connected to the Internet and provide a path or connection for individuals
to access the Internet.

• The most widely used commercial Internet service providers use telephone lines, cable, and/or
wireless connections.

• users connect to ISPs using one of a variety of connection technologies including DSL ( Digital
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 Browsers

• Browsers are programs that provide access to web resources.

• This software connects you to remote computers; opens and transfers files; displays text,
images, and multimedia.

• Four well-known browsers are Apple Safari, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and
Mozilla Firefox.

• For browsers to connect to resources, the location or address of the resources must be
specified. These addresses are called uniform resource locators (URLs). All URLs have
at least two basic parts.

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• The first part presents the protocol used to connect to the
resource. Protocols are rules for exchanging data between
computers. The protocol https is used for web traffic and
is one of the most widely used Internet protocols.

• The second part presents the domain name. It indicates the

specific address where the resource is located. In Figure
above where the domain is identified as www.mtv.com.

• The last part of the domain name following the dot (.) is
the top-level domain(TLD). Also known as the web suffix,
it typically identifies the type of organization. For
example, .com indicates a commercial site.
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• Once the browser has connected to the website, a document file is sent back to your
computer.

• This document typically contains Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), a markup

language for displaying web pages. The browser interprets the HTML formatting
instructions and displays the document as a web page.

• For example, when your browser first connects to the Internet, it opens up to a web
page specified in the browser settings.

• Web pages present information about the site along with references and hyperlinks or
links that connect to other documents containing related information— text files,
graphic images, audio, and video clips.

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HTML

• HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

• HTML describes the structure of Web pages using markup

• Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page

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CSS:
1. CSS means cascading style sheets
2. CSS is a language that describes the style of an HTML document
3. CSS is used to design the web page
4. CSS properties are used to design the visual appearance of the web page
5. CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed
6. CSS saves a lot of work by defining styles of multiple web pages at once

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JavaScript:
1. Used to change the layout of web page dynamically
2. Used to add interactivity in web page

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 There are various technologies used to provide highly interactive and animated
 websites.
 These technologies include Cascading style sheets (CSS) are separate files
referenced by or lines inserted into an HTML document that control the appearance
of a web page.

• CSS help ensure that related web pages have a consistent presentation or look.
Netflix uses CSS to visually connect all its web pages.

 JavaScript is a language often used within HTML documents to trigger interactive

features, such as opening new browser windows and checking information entered in
online forms.

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THANK YOU