Basic Computer Applications

SESSION 20:
Internet, Web and Computer
Communications
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session, students are expected to be able to:
► Explain How the Internet and the Web Started

► Explain the Difference Between the Internet and the Web

► Uses of the Internet and the Web

► Describe Some Ways to Access the Internet

► Describe How to Access the Web Using Browser

► Describe Internet Communications

Activity: brainstorming ( 1minute)

What is Internet ?
The Internet and the Web Started
► Internet
» In simple words, internet is a huge number of computers
that are worldwide connected to each other.
» These computers are situated in many different countries
and are connected through telephone lines, cables in the
ground and even satellites in space.
The Internet
► Internet is used when:
» You want to communicate with a friend across town, in
another state, or even in another country
» Perhaps you would like to send a drawing, a photo, or
just a letter.
» When looking entertainment information.
» Perhaps you're researching a term paper or exploring dif-
ferent career paths.
Ways to Access the Internet
► The internet is often referred to as the information
superhighway.
► It is like a highway that connects you to millions of other
people and organizations.
► Unlike typical highways that move people and things from
one location to another, the internet moves your ideas and
information.
Ways to Access the Internet
• Rather than moving through geographic space, you move through
Cyberspace-the space that moves ideas and information
electronically.
• The web provides an easy-to-use, exciting, multimedia interface to
connect to the internet and to access the resources available in
cyberspace.
Ways to Access the Internet
► Access to the Internet
The first step to using the Internet and Web is to get connected,
or to gain access to the Internet.
1. Internet Service Providers (ISP) gives us access to the
Internet. National, regional, and wireless are the three
types of ISPs.
2. Browsers provide access to Web resources.
3. The Internet and the telephone system are similar you can
connect a computer to the Internet much like you connect a
phone to the telephone system.
Cont….
» Once you are on the Internet, your computer becomes an
extension of what seem like a giant computer-a computer those
branches all over the world.
» When provided with a connection to the Internet, you can use a
browser program to search the Web.
The role of providers (Internet Service Providers)
► The most common way to access the Internet is through
an Internet service provider (ISP).
► The providers are already connected to the Internet and
provide a path or connection for individuals to access the
Internet.
► Your college or university most likely provides you with
free access to the Internet either through its local area
networks or through a dial-up or telephone connection.
Cont….
► There are also some companies that offer free Internet access.
► Commercial Internet service providers offer national, regional,
and wireless service.
Examples of Internet Service Provider (ISP)
− Tz TELECOMMUNICATIONS co.LTD (TTCL)
− Simbanet (T) Limited
− Habari Node Public Limited
− MIC TANZANIA LTD
Browsers to Access Internet
► Browsers
» Browsers are programs that provide access to Web
resources.
» This software connects you to remote computers, opens
and transfers files, displays text and images, and provides
in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and
Web documents.
Use Browsers to Access Internet
► Browsers allow you to explore, or to surf, the Web by easily
moving from one Web site to another.
► Two well-known browsers are Netscape Navigator and
Microsoft Internet Explorer.
► For browsers to connect to resources, the location or address
of the resources must be specified. These addresses are called
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs).
► Examples of Browsers are Firefox, Internet explorer, Google
chrome, Safari, Tor, UC , Operamini, Netscape,
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)
Part of URL
► All URLs have at least two basic parts.
» Protocol
› Protocols are rules for exchanging data between computers. The protocol
http:// is the most widely used Web protocol.
» Domain name (top level domain)
› It is the name of the server where the resource is located. www.mtv.com
is an example of Server.
› The last part of the domain name following the dot (.) is the domain
code.
› It identifies the type of organization. For example, .com indicates a
commercial site. The URL http:// www.mtv.com connects your computer
to a computer that provides information about MTV.
» Domain code (example com)
How Does The Browser Work?
► Once the browser has connected to the Web site, a document file is
sent back to your computer. This document contains Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML) commands.
► The browser interprets the HTML commands and displays the
document as a Web page. For example, when your browser first
connects to the Internet, it opens up to a Web page specified in the
browser settings.
► This page presents information about the site along with references
and hyperlinks or links that connect to other documents containing
related information-text files, graphic images, audio, and video
clips.
How Does The Browser Work?
► These documents may be located on a nearby computer
system or on one halfway around the world.
► The computer that stores and shares these documents is called
a Web server.
► The references appear as underlined and colored text and/or
images on the Web page.
► To access the referenced material, all you do is click on the
highlighted text or image.
► A connection is automatically made to the computer
containing the material, and the referenced material appears
on your display screen.
Difference Between Internet and Web
It is easy to get the internet and the web confused, but they are not the
same thing.
► The internet
»Is the actual physical network.
»It is made up of wires, cables, and satellites.
»Being connected to this network is often described as being online.
»The internet connects millions of computers and resources
throughout the world.
► The web
»Is a multimedia interface to resources available on the internet.
»Every day over a billion users from every country in the world use
the internet and the web.
The Uses of Internet and Web (01)

► Communicating
» You can exchange e-mail with your family and friends
almost anywhere in the world.
» You can join and listen to discussions and debates on a
wide variety of special-interest topics.
» You can even create your own personal web page for
friends and family to visit.
The Uses of Internet and Web (02)
► Shopping
» You can visit individual stores or a cybermall, which
provides access to a variety of different stores.
» You can window shop, look for the latest fashions, search
for bargains, and make purchases.
» You can purchase goods using checks, credit cards, or
electronic cash.
The Uses of Internet and Web (03)
► Searching.
» You can access some of the world’s largest libraries
directly from your home computer.
» You use search engines to search information on web
› Example of search engine is GOOGLE
The Uses of Internet and Web (04)
► Entertainment
» You can find music, movies, magazines, and computer
games.
» You will find live concerts, movie previews, book clubs,
and interactive live games.
The Uses of Internet and Web (05)
► Education or e-leaning
» Education or e-leaning is another rapidly emerging Web
application.
» You can take classes on almost any subject.
» There are courses just for fun and there are courses for
high school, college, and graduate school credit.
Internet Communications (1)
► There are three types of Internet Communication.
1.E-mail
2.Instant messaging
3.Discussion groups
Internet Communications (2)
1. E-Mail (1a)
► E-mail or electronic mail is the transmission of electronic
messages over the internet.
► The big difference with normal mail is speed.

► One second after you press a button to send an e-mail, it

arrives at the e-mail address you used even if you send it to
the other end of the world.
► If your computer is connected to the internet, you can use
e-mail for communicating with friends and business
relations.
Internet Communications (3)
1. E-Mail (2a)
► You can also ‘attach’ documents to an e-mail; such as
reports or digital photographs.
► There are special websites that give you e-mail service
free of charge like yahoo, Hotmail and Google.
► If you want to use e-mail, you simply visit one of these

websites and open an ‘e-mail account’.

E-Mail (3a)
► A typical e-mail message has basic elements (1a)
»Header: this appears first and typically includes the
following information
› Addresses: Addresses of the persons sending, receiving,
and, optionally, anyone else who is to receive copies. E-
mail addresses have two basic parts i.e:[email protected]
(dcoats is a user domain, usc.edu is domain name, edu is
the domain code)
› The first part is the user's name and the second part is the
domain name, which includes the domain code. In our
example e-mail, dcoats is user name. The server providing
e-mail service for the user is usc.edu. The domain code
indicates that the provider is an educational institution.
E-Mail (4a)
► A typical e-mail message has basic elements (2a)
»Subject: A one-line description, used to present the topic
of the message. Subject lines typically are displayed
when a person checks his or her mailbox.
»Attachments: Many e-mail programs allow you to
attach files such as documents and worksheets. If a
message has an attachment, the file name appears on the
attachment line.
E-Mail (5a)
► A typical e-mail message has basic elements (3a)
»Message, is the text area where you can type anything
so as ready for send
»Signature. This is where your Designation and contacts
appears
Internet Communications (4)
2.Instant Message (IM) (1a)
► Instant messaging (IM) is an extension of e-mail that
allows two or more people to contact each other via
direct, live communication.
► To use instant messaging, you specify a list of friends
(also known as buddies or contacts) and register with an
instant messaging server.
► Whenever you connect to the Internet, special software
informs your messaging server that you are online.
Internet Communications (5)
2.Instant Message (IM) (2a)
►In response, the server will notify you if any of your
contacts are online.
►At the same time, it notifies your contacts that you are
online.
►You can then send messages directly back and forth to
one another.
►Many new instant messaging programs also include
videoconferencing features, file sharing, and remote
assistance.
Internet Communications (6)
2. Instant Message (IM) (3a)
► The most widely used instant messaging services are
AOLs Instant Messenger, Microsoft's MSN
Messenger, and Yahoo Messenger.
Internet Communications (7)
3. Discussion Groups
►You can also use e-mail to communicate in discussion
groups with people you do not know but with whom you
wish to share ideas and interests.
►You can participate in forums and debates that range from
general topics like current events and movies to
specialized forums like computer troubleshooting and
Hollywood animations. Discussion groups include
mailing lists, newsgroups, and chat groups.
3. Discussion Groups
► Mailing lists
 It a collection of names and addresses used by an individuals or
an organization to send material to multiple recipients
» This allows members to communicate by sending messages to a
list address.
» Each message is then copied and sent via e-mail to every
member of the mailing list.
» To participate in a mailing list, you must first subscribe by
sending an e-mail request to the mailing list subscription address.
3. Discussion Groups
► Newsgroups
»Unlike mailing lists, use a special network of computers
called the UseNet.
»Each of these computers maintains the news group listing.
»There are over 10,000 different newsgroups organized into
major topic areas that are further subdivided into subtopics.
»Contributions to a particular newsgroup are sent to one of
the computers on the UseNet.
»This computer saves the messages on its system and
periodically shares all its recent messages with the other
computers on the UseNet.
3. Discussion Groups
► Chat groups
»Like IM, allow direct live communication.
»Unlike IM, chat groups typically connect individuals who
have never met face-to-face.
»To participate, you join a chat group, select a channel or
topic, and communicate live with others by typing words
on your computer.
»Other members of your channel immediately see those
words on their computers and can respond in the same
manner.
Evaluation
► What is internet?
► Differentiate between internet and web.

► What are the uses of internet and web?

► Mention ways to access internet.

► Identify three part of URL.

Key Points
» Internet is a huge number of computers that are worldwide
connected to each other.
» internet is a huge number of computers that are worldwide
connected to each other while The web is a multimedia
interface to resources available on the internet.
» The uses of internet and web are communication,
shopping, searching, entertainment and Education or e-
leaning.
» Ways of access internet should have ISP, browsers and
devices for connection.
» Three part of URL are, 1)Protocol 2)Domain name and
3)Domain code(www.name.com)
HANK