Disediakan Oleh:

Shafrizal Shafie
ADTEC, Shah Alam
ACCIDENT
PREVENTION

working easier

Production Takes less Quality

is higher time & costs is better
less money

How to prevent accident from occur?

our company
from that our profit still stay/
our income maintain
our employee

Money spent for

accident is not
like money spent
if we omit/ cause why for material or
exclusion wages. There is
no return on
accident & Higher cost money spent for
result Lower profit accident.
Safety is not something
you can take or leave
alone.

It is not an activity in Safety is not posters,

which one slogans or rules, or is it
participates only movies, meeting,
when is being investigations or
watched or inspections.
supervised.

ABSENCE OF DANGER
Safety is an attitude, a frame of mind. It is the
awareness of one’s environment and actions, all day,
everyday. Safety is knowing what is going on; knowing
what can injure anyone or anything; knowing how to
prevent that injury and then acting to prevent it. To do
this does not require genius, a PhD, or even a title or
rank. All it requires is intelligence and a reasonable
amount of native ability to see, to hear,
to smell and to think. To ignore safe
practices does not indicate bravery,
only foolishness. To do things safely
and correctly is the mark of wise man,
not a timid one.
Peringkat di mana keadaan
perlaksanaan sesuatu
pekerjaan itu boleh diterima.

Pekerja yang
bagaimana ?
 Pengilangan
 Perlombongan
 Pembinaan
 Pertanian, perhutanan dan
perkhidmatan.
 Kemudahan – gas, elektrik, air dan
perkhidmatan kebersihan.
 Pengangkutan, pemyimpanan dan
komunikasi.
 Perdagangan borong dan runcit.
 Hotel dan restoran.
 Kewangan, insuran, hartanah dan
perkhidmatan perniagaan.
 Perkhidmatan Awam dan pihak
berkuasa berkanun.
INTERPRETATION S.A.F.E.T.Y FOR
EMPLOYER OR OCCUPIER

Yearn,
measure and
Train all revise the
staff in effectiveness
Ensure safety
every of safety
Fulfill the aspects at
employees standard
needs to the workplace.
Allocate and others practices
provision
budget or relating to understand and standard
Set safety fund for safety OSHA and operational
OSHA 1994
policy and committee exercise procedures.
and other
safety programmes related act. them.
committee(s). and activities.
INTERPRETATION S.A.F.E.T.Y FOR
EMPLOYEES

Yearn for
commitment
Take part s all the
in safety existing
Execute activities.
Find their according to procedures.
solutions or their
Asses and counter importance;
anticipate measures. (risk control)
Search all their potential
hazards at risks.
workplace.
Every five working days two workers die from work accidents.
Each day 134 others are injured and need more than one week off work.
These figure are for industrial accident. Hidden are the disabilities
caused by diseases and illness contracted through work.
SOME RECENT INCIDENTS IN MALAYSIA
DATE DISASTERS CASUALTIES
Collapse of Sultan Abdul Halim Jetty,
31 July 1988 2 dead; 1,674 injured
Butterworth, Penang.
Fire and explosion of Bright Sparklers
7 May 1991 22 dead; 103 injured
Fireworks Factory, Sg. Buloh, Selangor.
Fire at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah
5 April 1992 3 dead
International Airport, Subang.
Choon Hong 111 Ship, explosion and fire,
20 June 1992 13 dead
Port Klang, Selangor.
Collapse of Highland Towers
11 Dec 1993 52 dead
Condominium, Hulu Klang, Selangor.
Landslide, off Genting Highland Road,
30 June 1995 20 dead; 22 injured
Pahang.
Tourist Bus Accident, Ravine at Km 15,
15 July 1996 17 dead
Genting Highland, Pahang.
Mud Slide, Natives Resettlement Village,
29 Aug 1996 44 dead
Pos Dipang, Kg. Sahom, Kampar, Perak.
Fire and explosion, SMDS, Bintulu 5 dead; property
24 Dec 1997
Sarawak. damage
MAIN CAUSES OF FATAL ACCIDENTS – 1997
(AS REPORTED IN SELANGOR/WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN)
BY INDUSTRY
CAUSE OF
FATALITIES CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING OTHERS TOTAL

Fall or persons. 52 1 3 56
Struck by falling/flying
22 2 24
objects.
Knocked by moving
7 2 2 11
objects.
Caught in between
2 3 1 6
moving objects.
Struck by lightning.
Overcome by toxic
gas.
Cave-ins & slides. 4 1 3 8
Fire 1 1
Electrocution 3 3
Others 1 3 4
Serious
Lost Time
First Aid
Property Damage
Near Misses
“ AN UNPLANNED EVENT WHICH
RESULTS IN UNACCEPTABLE
CONSEQUENCES ”

“AN UNPLANNED AND

UNDESIREABLE EVENT WHICH
INTERRUPTS NORMAL ACTIVITY”
“An accident is an unexpected,
unplanned event in sequence of
events, that occurs through a
combination of causes. It results in
injury or disease to an individual,
damage to property or equipment, a
near-miss, a loss or any combination
of these effects”.
“Sesuatu kejadian yang tidak disangka
yang selalunya mengakibatkan kecederaan”.
“Kemalangan adalah satu kejadian
yang tidak diingini yang
mengakibatkan kecederaan kepada
seseorang atau memusnahkan harta

benda”. “Kesilapan sistem pengurusan;

akibat daripada kesilapan-
kesilapan atau sikap tidak
peduli pihak pengurusan”.
Occupational
Accident Disease/
Poisoning

Near
Miss Incident
ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIES
HEINRICH (1930’s)
Emphasis for prevention on unsafe act/condition.
Approach can lead to blaming the worker when
management system is at faults (prone worker approach).
Five factors/stages in the sequence of events;
1. Ancestry/Social environment.
2. Fault of a person
3. Unsafe act/condition
4. Accident
5. Injury
Unsafe Act
 Tidak peduli arahan keselamatan.
 Berada di dalam keadaan tidak selamat.
 Tidak memakai alat-alat perlindungan diri.
 Bergurau.
 Mengendalikan jentera-jentera tidak beradang.
 Menanggalkan adang daripada mesin.
 Membuat alat-alat keselamatan tidak
berfungsi.
 Membetulkan, membersihkan
kesumbatan, membersihkan mesin
semasa mesin sedang beroperasi.
Unsafe Condition
 Kekemasan tempat kerja yang tidak
sempurna.
 Pengaliran udara yang tidak lancar.
 Rekabentuk atau pembinaan yang
tidak selamat.
 Tidak diadang.
 Adang tidak sesuai atau tidak
mencukupi.
 Kecacatan pada perkakas,
alat dan bahan-bahan.
ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIES
MULTIPLE CAUSATION THEORY

More that one cause to any accident.

The multicauses is equivalent to the

third stage in the Heinrich theory.
Heinrich made reference to
“Underlying causes”. What were these
cause.
Using 5W, 1H.
Workers, unions and employees don’t
always agree on why accident happen.

Workers may say that the workplace is :

HAZARDOUS * UNSAFE * DANGEROUS * BADLY ORGANISED

THE WORKPLACE IS TO BLAME.

Employers sometimes say that the worker is :
CARELESS * RECKLESS * SILLY * ACCIDENT PRONE
* STUBBORN * INCONSIDERATE * IGNORANT

THE WORKER IS TO BLAME.

Some accidents may be due to human errors.
But the work environment must recognise that the workers
are human and sometimes make mistakes – this must be
acknowledged during workplace design.
Employers can improve the workplace so that stress,
fatigue and poor working conditions do not
cause mistakes.

HAS BLAMING EACH OTHER SOLVED THE PROBLEM ?

NO, AS CAN BE SEEN FROM THE ACCIDENT FIGURES
 Environmental conditions

 Design of tools & equipment

 Layout of workplace

However, one constant factor

involved in every accident ?
DIRECTLY INDIRECTLY
INVOLVED INVOLVED
 Fatigue  Fault with the original
 Stress design of a piece of
 Taking shorts cut equipment.
 Lack of experiance  Inappropriate
 Lack of training purchasing decisions.
 Lack of concentration  Behaviour of fellow
 Not wearing appropriate individuals in the
PPE workplace.
 Using incorrect tool
 Not following work
practices
Can we eliminate
this factor ?
Safety awareness is all about understanding the
need to prevent avoidable accidents and there are
three compelling reasons why every organisation
and every individual MUST accept accident
prevention as vital element of all activity in the
workplace.

ECONOMIC LEGAL

HUMANITARIAN
An accident can lead to a change of
lifestyle that can be for an individual
and often for a whole family.
Organisation face loss
absenteeism, higher accident compensation premium
Hidden cost of accidents
stopped production, spoilage of material, damage to
plant and equipment, replacement of staff, training &
re-training, re-tooling, re-designing
ACCIDENT COSTS ICEBERG
INSURED  Medical (covering injury, ill health)
COSTS (1)  Compensation

 Building damage
 Tool, equipment, material, product damage
 Production delays and interruptions
THE  Legal expenses
HIDDEN  Expenditure on emergency first aid supplies
UNINSURED  Interim equipment rentals
COSTS  Investigation time/clearing site
(8 – 36  Wages paid for time lost
as much as  Costs hiring and/or training replacements
insured costs)  Overtime working
 Extra supervisor time
 Loss of expertise/experience
 Decreased output of injured worker upon return
 Loss of business and goodwill
ACT 514, ACT 139, ETC.
 Accidents don’t just happen, they’re caused.

 All accidents are avoidable.

 Nearly all injuries and illnesses can be prevented.

 Hazards has potential

for damaging people,
property and
environment.
Death
Fear Injury

IMMEDIATE Pain
Loss
Disease
Damage
Medical Treatment
Low Morale Repair
SHORT
Discipline TERM Replacements
Increased Cost Lost Production
Suffering
Profitability Disability
Missed LONG Lost
Targets Income
TERM
Mistrust Insurance
Compensation