Communication

and Globalization
Learning Outcomes

• Talk about globalization and the ‘global village’;

• Describe the nature of culture and the various processes of
cultural adaptation;
• Differentiate common cultural differences, such as high-
context and low-context cultures, collectivism and
individualism, masculine and feminine, and various levels of
power between leaders and followers;
• Discuss how cultural and global issues affect communication;
and
• Appreciate the impact of communication on society and the
world.
Globalization and the Global
Village
• Globalization – the process of bringing
people together and making them interact
and exchange ideas across traditional
boarders. (Nowaczyk, 2017)
• The world driven by advances in
technology, has become inextricably
interconnected across distances and other
boundaries.(Downing, 2017)
Globalization
• Globalization is the increasing economic,
political, and cultural integration and
interdependence of diverse cultures. (Gamble
&Gamble, 2013)
• Global village – one world interconnected by
an electronic nervous system [media]
(Stewart, 2015)
Globalization
• The World Is Flat: A Brief History
of the Twenty-First Century
(Thomas Friedman, 2005)
The “flattening” of the world
economy is achieved through
globalized trade, outsourcing, supply-
chaining, and political liberalization.
Why causes globalization?

Improved Improved
transport systems technology

Growth of Growth of
multinational global media
companies
Example of Globalization

A sign of McDonald’s restaurant in

Japanese. Globalization brings many
companies to different parts of the world.
Example of Globalization

Nike, among other apparel brands, is

outsourcing to other countries. This is a Nike
factory in China, where most of the workers are
young women.
Example of Globalization

Oil is imported from foreign countries

to the United States. The United States is
the largest consumer of oil in the world.
Example of Globalization

Hydropolis, the world’s first underwater

hotel, which was completed in 2009 after
many delays, was entirely built in Germany
then assembled in Dubai.
Globalization
• The world is becoming more and more
interconnected. Globalization changes
how people consume , work and live
almost everywhere [in] the world. Today,
many economic, political, cultural or
ecological relationships are not
explainable from a national perspective. At
the same time, a controversial debate
about the consequence of globalization
has begun.
Globalization
1. Based on your observations, readings, and
experiences, cite some other examples of
globalization.
2. Identify any Philippine company that has
branches somewhere else in the world .
What about foreign companies that have
found it profitable to branch out into the
Philippines?
Globalization

3. What is “outsourcing’? Cite some

evidences that companies from developed
countries, like the US., outsource many of its
job to less-developed countries, like the
Philippines.
4. What about examples of situations where
some products are manufactured
somewhere in the world but assembled in
another part of the globe (perhaps like the
Philippines)?
Globalization

5. Trade the liberalization is an offshoot of

globalization. In your opinion, which countries profit
more from trade liberalization, developed or
developing countries? Justify your choice.
TED_Sherry_Turkle.mp4
Questions
1. What is the main idea of the article?
2. How does the writer support the main idea?
3. What is the difference of conversation and connection?
4. What does face to face communication teach us? How?
5. What does being alone together mean?
6. What does Flight from Conversation tell us?
7. Explain the following:
a) We expect from technology and less from one another.
b) I share therefore, I am.
8. Do you agree with the writer? Why?
CULTURE
• The learned and shared behavior of a
community of interacting human beings
(Useem & Useem, 1963, p. 169)
• System of beliefs, assumptions, and values
shared by a group of people ( Fielding,
1996)
CULTURE
• “shared patterns identify the members of
a culture group while also distinguishing
those of another group.
- Center for Advanced Research on
Language Acquisition (CARLA)
CULTURE
• “learned set of shared interpretations
about beliefs, values, and norms that
affect the behaviors of a relatively large
group of people”
- Lustig & Koester, 2003
Culture are
learned, not
innate

Cultural
Cultures are
identities are
shared
overlapping
Characteristics of
Culture

Cultures are Cultures are

dynamic multifaceted
Culture Guides Communication
how and when to
say hello and
“It tells you who you are, goodbye
how to act,
when to speak or
how to talk, remain silent
how to listen.”
-Carley Dodd how to stare

how to stand
Culture is the lens how to display
through which we see the happiness/rage
world.
how to eat
ADAPTATION TO NEW CULTURES

cultural cultural
integration assimilation

cultural
multiculturalism
accommodation

separation
Cultural Integration

• A form of cultural exchange in which one group

assumes the beliefs, practices, and rituals of
another group without sacrificing the characteristics
of its own culture.
• A healthy intermingling of the beliefs and rituals of
two unique cultures.
Cultural Assimilation
• When members of one cultural group
adopt the language, practices, and beliefs
of another group, often losing aspects of
their traditional culture in the process.
Multiculturalism

• Cultural diversity is encouraged and valued as

beneficial to society.
• The belief that cultures, races, and ethnicities,
particularly those of minority groups, should be
accorded special acknowledgment of their
differences within a dominant political culture.
• Includes engagement with respect toward people
from distinctly different cultures.
Cultural Accommodation

• The process by which individuals may take

on values and beliefs of the host culture
and accommodate them in the public
sphere while maintaining the parent
culture in the private sphere.
• Maintain their cultural identity even while
they strive to establish relationship with
members of the dominant culture.
Separation

• When one cultural group refuses to

interact or join the dominant culture
• Members of this group prefer to interact
with the members of their own culture, so
they are often called as outsiders
Questions
1. Would you consider the Philippines a
“melting pot’? What about Metropolitan
Manila?
2. Unlike Europeans, why do Asians “have
severe difficulty of fully integrating into
mainstream U.S. society”?
3. How about us Filipinos, do we treat
foreigners the way? Or are we more
partial to Westerners than to Asians?
4. Identify some well-known personalities,
showbiz, or otherwise, whose families chose
to use cultural accommodation when they
migrated to other countries. How do these
personalities show that their parents or
ancestors opted for cultural
accommodation?
5. Can you name some other well-known
families chose to use cultural assimilation
instead when they migrated to other
countries? What are evidences of their
having chosen cultural assimilation?
6. Would you say that Lea Salonga is a
“product” of multiculturalism? Defend your
answer.
7. In the Philippines, is there any evidences
of any group using “separation” instead of
assimilation or accommodation in its
relationship with the dominant culture?
THE NATURE OF COMMON
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

Work
Leadership
Productivity

Task
Group
Commitmen
Allegiance
t
Communicating Within and Across Cultures

1. Avoiding
2. Accommodating
3. Forcing
4. Educating – Persuading
5. Negotiating –Compromising
6. Collaboration – Problem Solving
GUIDELINES ON DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL
COMPETENCE

1. Widen your field of experience by

making new contracts.
2. Learn about history and the
experiences and aspirations of
people from different cultures.
3. Examine yourself for possible
stereotypes.
GUIDELINES ON DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL
COMPETENCE

4. Look at the world from someone

else’s way of looking at and thinking
about something, not just yours
5. Work on becoming more self-
confident
6. Appreciate cultural similarities and
differences
GUIDELINES ON DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL
COMPETENCE

7. Acknowledge the essential equality

and value of all cultures.
8. Be sensitive and interpret cultural
styles of communication
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNICATION

Ethnocentris Stereotypes Stereotypes Prejudice Assumed Anxiety

and Prejudices • Generalized negative • an offshoot of similarities • The fear or
m • The main barriers to traits assigned to a stereotypes, an • Baseless, apprehension
• Person’s culture is group of people unfair thought, associated with
intercultural unreasonable refusal
much better that any belief, or feeling of either real or
communication to see cultural
other group’s culture • Negative dislikes for a person anticipated
differences where
• High ethnocentricity or group because of communication with
characteristics they exist.
race, nationality, people from another
level = negative attributed to one gender, sexual cultural group.
effect group can cause orientation, age,
• Low ethnocentricity beliefs and feeling religion, etc.
level = positive effect that lead to biases
and discrimination
against that group
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON
COMMUNICATION

1. Technology provides us with

unlimited information
2. It creates opportunities for meeting
new people
3. It helps us keep in touch with family
and friends anywhere in the world
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON
COMMUNICATION

4. It brings new diversity to our culture

and our lives.
5. It fosters better cooperation among
different cultural groups.
6. It isolates us.
7. It can make us create second lives.