Scribd
Upload
23 views

Diesel Mech

The document discusses turbochargers and superchargers which are forced aspiration systems that increase an engine's power to weight ratio by forcing additional air into the engine cylinder. A turbocharger uses exhaust gases to drive an air pump while a supercharger is driven directly by the crankshaft. Forced induction allows smaller engines to produce more power and improved fuel efficiency when needed.

Uploaded by

ግሩም ግብርከ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Diesel Mech

The document discusses turbochargers and superchargers which are forced aspiration systems that increase an engine's power to weight ratio by forcing additional air into the engine cylinder. A turbocharger uses exhaust gases to drive an air pump while a supercharger is driven directly by the crankshaft. Forced induction allows smaller engines to produce more power and improved fuel efficiency when needed.

Uploaded by

ግሩም ግብርከ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Turbochargers and superchargers

Methods of increasing engine power:


• Increasing the number of cylinders
• Increasing piston displacement
• Increasing engine speed
Increasing the number of cylinders and piston
displacement will make the engine very large and
heavy which uses some of the produced power.
Increasing the speed will cause vibration and
increase engine wear.
Therefore, to have an engine with less weight and
high power output forced aspiration system (using
turbochargers) is very important.
• Engines are divided in to two according to their
aspiration.
1.Normally-aspiration engines
2.Forced-aspiration engines (engines equipped with
turbo or super chargers)
Turbocharger is basically an air pump driven by the
exhaust gas from the engine.
Supercharger is driven by power from the crank shaft.
Forced aspired (turbocharged/ supercharged) engines
increase the power/ weight ratio of engines by
forcing an additional amount of air or air-fuel
mixture into the engine cylinder.
This produces more combustion pressure and hence
more engine power.
• On many turbocharged engines, power output is
boosted 30% or more (for example, a 100
horsepower engine could produce 130
horsepower with a turbocharger).
• With turbocharger a smaller engine which has
good fuel economy can produce high power when
needed.

• The turbocharger is located between the air


cleaner and the carburettor. The turbocharger
compresses only air and then forces it through the
carburettor.
• In some engines, it is installed between the
carburettor and the intake manifold. All the air-
fuel mixture from the carburettor is compressed by
the turbocharger.
Construction
• The turbocharger consists of the turbine
housing, compressor housing, centre
housing, turbine wheel, compressor wheel,
full floating bearings, waste gate valve,
actuator, etc.
Operating Phases of Turbocharger
• The turbocharger has two operating
phases, the atmospheric phase and the
boost phase.
• A turbocharged engine operates in the
atmospheric phase most of the time. (does
not add power during light-load cruising at
normal highway speeds).
• It usually provides boost only when
acceleration or full power is required.
• To limit boost pressure and prevent over
boost, most turbochargers have actuator
and waste gate valve.
Waste gate valve operation
 Boost Pressure is Low (Normal)
 Boost Pressure is High
Intercooler (or) Charge Air Cooler

• Air gets hot when it is compressed. This causes


the air to expand and become less dense. Heated
air contains less oxygen to support combustion.
• To cool the air and increase its density, most
turbocharged engines have a charge air cooler
or intercooler which is either of the air-cooled
type or water-cooled type. This is a radiator like
heat exchanger that cools the air after it has
been pressurized.
• At the same time, by lowering the temperature of
the air-fuel mixture, knocking is suppressed,
giving improved driveability and fuel economy.

You might also like