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Basics of Electronics

The document discusses electronic components and circuits. It describes basic circuit laws like Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's laws. It also explains passive components like resistors, capacitors and inductors. Active components such as diodes, transistors and sensors are also discussed.

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nonake8617
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32 views

Basics of Electronics

The document discusses electronic components and circuits. It describes basic circuit laws like Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's laws. It also explains passive components like resistors, capacitors and inductors. Active components such as diodes, transistors and sensors are also discussed.

Uploaded by

nonake8617
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ROBOT

Mechanical Electronic Software


components components program
Electronics
 Introduction:
 Electronics is the branch of science that deals
with the study of flow and control of electrons
(electric currents), and with devices using
such electrons.
 This controlling of electric currents is done
with the help of electronic circuits.
 What is an Electronic circuit?
 An electronic circuit is a structure that directs and
controls electric currents, presumably to perform
some useful function.
 “Circuit” implies that the structure is closed,
something like a loop.
 An electronic circuit consists of electronic
components connected by a conducting materials
through which current can flow.
Basic circuit law:
 Here are some basic circuit law:
1. Ohm’s law
V I
V=R.I
2. Joule’s law
H = I2Rt = VIt
P = H/t = V.I
3. Kirchhoff’s law
Kirchhoff’s current law
Kirchhoff’s voltage law
Voltage divider rule:
 The voltage divider is a simple and most
important electronic circuit.
 It is used to change a large voltage into a small
voltage. Using just an i/p voltage and two
series resistors we
can get an o/p
voltage.
 What is an Electronic component?
 An electronic component is any basic physical entity
in an electronic system used to affect electrons.
 There are two types of electronic component,
 Passive components .

 Active components . .
Passive Components
 Electronic components that cannot provide
any power gain to the circuit are called
passive devices.
 These devices are incapable of controlling the
current (energy) flow in the circuit.
 Need the help of active devices to operate.
 For eg. Resistors, inductors, capacitors, etc.
Examples of Passive components
1. Resistors
 A resistor is a 2 terminal electrical component.
 Used to reduce current flow, to divide voltages as well
as to provide specific voltage to active devices.
 Commonly used resistor is Carbon composition
resistor. It has a fixed value
that is indicated by
Colour code.
Color code
Other types of resistors

• Thermistor
 Resistance changes with temperature.
 Two types:
i.PTC (Positive temp. coeff)
ii.NTC (Negative temp. coeff)
 Used where temperature
sensitivity is needed.
• LDR
 LDR-Light Dependent resistor.
 Resistance changes with light.
 Made up of materials like CdS, CdSe, etc.
 Used in light meter to measure intensity of light.
2. Capacitors
 Capacitor is a two terminal electrical device used to store
electrical energy in the form of electric field between the
two plates.
 In DC circuits, it acts as open switch.
 Used to remove ripples from DC
signals.
3. Inductors
 Inductor is a passive two-terminal electrical
component that stores energy in a magnetic field
when electric current flows through it.
 It resists change in current
and freely passes DC.
 Used in buck converter and

buck boosters to maintain


constant current.
Buck converter
Active components
 Electrical Components which need an external
source to initiate the operation are known as active
components.
 Can control the current (or energy) flow within the
circuit.
 Any electronic circuit should contain at least one
active component to operate.
 For eg. Power sources, display devices and amplifying
components such as transistors, diodes, etc.
Examples of Active components
1. Diode
 A diode is like and electronic one-way valve.
 It will allow current to flow in only one direction
 Clearly, diodes can be used to convert AC currents to
DC.
• LED
 Light Emitting Diode.
 Emits light when connected in forward bias.
2. Bipolar junction Transistor
 A 3 terminal semiconductor device.
 Can be used for amplification as well
as used as a switch.
 2 types of transistor:

NPN PNP
3. MOSFET
 A 4 terminal semiconductor device with source (S), gate (G),
drain (D) and body (B) terminals.
 The body of the MOSFET is often connected to the source
terminal, making it a 3-terminal device like BJT.
 Main advantage: It requires very little current to turn on
(<1mA), while delivering a much higher current to a load
(10 to 50A).
 Just like BJT it can be used for amplification
as well as used as a switch.
 Two types of MOSFET:

 It is a voltage controlled device.


Sensors:
 A device that detects and responds to some type of
input from the physical environment.
 Input: Form of heat, pressure, motion, moisture , etc.
 Output: A signal that is converted to human-
readable display.
Types of Sensors

Ultrasonic sensor Hall sensor Proximity sensor

Color sensor Speed sensor Light sensor

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