Control System

Diagram
• Control systems are used in a wide range
of applications they are the essential parts
of many modern devices and systems. In
simple terms, Control systems are used to
control the behavior of devices or any
process.
• We will cover the basics of what a Control
System is, the different classifications of
Control Systems, as well as the various
types of Control Systems. We will also
explain the difference between Open-loop
and Closed-loop Systems. Also the
Advantages and Disadvantages of Control
Systems, their Applications.
What is a Control System?
• A Control system is a system or a set of
devices that manages command and
directs the behavior of other devices or
systems. It works on the principle of the
input-process-output cycle. since the
output is controlled by varying input. They
are widely used in electronics,
automation, and engineering.
• It is made up of three
components mainly: sensor, controller,
and actuator. Here the sensor senses
physical characteristics such as pressure,
and temperature and converts them into
an electrical signal and it generates an
output signal which is used to control the
actuator.
Examples of Control Systems

• Control systems has various examples and

it is widely used in day to day applications.
Some examples are listed below:
• Elevators - In order to control or to
regulate acceleration and braking
mechanisms, Control systems are used.
• Smart Coffee Machine - For to control
water temperature, coffee strength, and
brewing rate control systems are used and
all these properties are balanced to give
desired flavor.
• Home Security and Automation - For to
control and monitor wide aspects of home
security such as cameras, sensors, motion
detectors.
• Traffic light control systems - When an
input processes through control system
the output of three lights turned ON for
some particular duration of time. Here
input signal determines the output and It
works based on timely basis.
Classification of Control
Systems
• Control system are classified as mentioned
below by using suitable some parameters:
• Control systems can be classified based
on the type of signal we used and
operate
• Continuous signal - Control signals are
continuous with respect to time.
• Discrete signal - Consists of more discrete
signals.
Control System can be classified
on the Number of input and
Output Present
• SISO - Single Input Single Output which
consists of one input and one output.
• MIMO - Multiple Input Multiple Output
which consists of two or more inputs to
give outputs.
Control System can be
classified based on the
Feedback Path
• Open loop control system - Here control
action is not dependent of desired output
and it requires human efforts to operate.
• Closed loop control system - Here control
action is dependent of output and input is
applied to controller processes it to give
signal.
Types of Control Systems

• There are basically two types of control

systems:
• Open-loop control system
• Closed-loop control system
Open-Loop Control System
• In an open-loop controlled system a
control signal which is considered input is
sent to a system (Source), and the system
responds without considering the output.
The disadvantage of this system is it
doesn't continuously monitor the system's
behavior. The block diagram for this
system is represented on the next page.
Examples of open-loop
controlled system are:
• Washing machine - Here the operations of
soaking, drying, rinsing done on a timely basis.
• Bread toaster and Microwave oven - These
machine run on the basis of preset time period
(specific time) irrespective of an output.
• Electric bulb - when an electric supply is
available, by switching ON and OFF electric bulb
works without the parameters such as
temperature, intensity of the light.
Closed-Loop Control System
• In an Closed-loop control system sensors used
to provide system performance and then
adjust the control input accordingly. This
system is also called feedback control system.
well comparing to OLCS it continuously
monitor the output and make some changes
based on the difference between desired
output and actual output.
Examples of Closed-loop control
system are:

• Thermostat heater - It maintains and

control the temperature.
• Voltage stabilizer - It measures the
fluctuations in voltage and reduces &
maintains the voltage to a desired level.
• Human on any action - When any person
looks for any consequences and changes
the position based on it. It is also an
example of closed-loop control system.
• It also contains home appliances such
as AC, Refrigerator, and in industry
appliances too.
Difference Between Open Loop and Closed Loop Control System
Here are some of the key differences between Open Loop and Closed
Loop Control System:
Open Loop Control Closed Loop Control
System System

It is economical and It is expensive and

inaccuracy. accurate.

It does not have an

It has an feedback path.
feedback path.
Control action is not Control action is
dependent on output. dependent on output.

It is designed easily. It is hard to design.

It is called Non feedback It is called Feedback

control system control system.
Features of Control Systems

• Some key features of Control Systems are:

• Control sources should be
easily understandable and manageable for
both clients and managers. If not then the
complicated devices may not be properly
functioned. So main thing is good control
system design is needed for ease
understandability.
• Control systems should provide organizational
needs to give meaningful results.
• Control systems should be adequate and
appropriate to achieve the objectives which
can suitable used for the enterprises.
(Objectives should be smart)
• It should be simple.
• Control systems use efficient control
techniques to detect any sudden deviations
which helps in achieving the desired results at
earlier.
• Control systems should be flexible and
forward looking towards future and so on.
Embedded Control Systems
• We all aware of Embedded systems, It consists
of combination of hardware and software
support designed for specific purpose or an
task is called Embedded system on the other
hand a system which is embedded into a
complex system to control the activities, track
the status, and monitor the results with
hardware and software functionalities is
called Embedded control systems.
• Examples : Patient monitoring in
healthcare administration, To regulate and
control vehicles speed in automobile
industries and so on.
• Applications such as Automotive
industries, Defense systems, Medical
devices and Industrial processes, etc.
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Control
Systems
• There are some list of Advantages and
Disadvantages of Control Systems given:
• Advantages of Control Systems
• Control systems having the capability to
respond something faster than humans
and control systems are very reliable.
• It can automate various tasks by reducing
the human intervention which leads to
increased productivity and decrease labor
costs.
• Control systems are adaptable in any
conditions and in any requirements and they
can be reprogrammed to accommodate
different operating functions.
• Many control systems are controlled and
monitored remotely which is valuable in
applications like space science and remote
infrastructure.
• They are used to optimize complex processes
and find the best operations to achieve the
goal such as increased throughput.
Disadvantages of Control
Systems
• Designing and implementation of control
systems are more expensive.
• They need regular maintenance and updates
for their functions in any operations.
• They highly depend on electricity which
means they need continuous power supply
and in case of power failure can disrupt any
operation.
• They are very sensitive to environmental
constraints such as light, temperature, and
pressure.
• Control systems need high specialized
knowledge which is complex to operate
and handle.
Applications of Control Systems
Some Applications of Control System are:
• Medical Equipment - It is used to control
various types of medical machines such as
dialysis machine, X-ray machines.
• Farming and Agriculture - Control systems
are used to automate and optimize various
types of tasks in agricultural processes such
as crop harvesting, fertilization etc.
• Robotics - Here the control systems
mainly used to control and automate the
movements of robots for any operations.
• Power and Energy Systems - It optimizes
power generation, consumption and
distribution improving the operational
efficiency of power plants.
• Environmental Control - HVAC systems
used to regulate physical or chemical
characteristics.
• Transportation - Control systems control
various aspects of transportation such as
traffic control systems, air-traffic
controller, etc.
• Industrial Automation - They optimize
production processes in mills, factories, and
other manufacturing industries.
• IoT and Home automation -
IoT and home automation used to control and
automate various systems in home or building
such as air conditioning, heating, and security.
• Control systems as we today have various
applications and uses. In industries Control
systems are used for production support
and machine functioning. we can use
different types of control systems based on
different purposes and individual needs to
satisfy the requirements.
• The scope of control systems has wide roots
from home appliances to industries.
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