January 1: H.S.E. Questionnaire Answers
January 1: H.S.E. Questionnaire Answers
2015
H.S.E.
QUESTIONNAIRE
ANSWERS
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H.S.E. QUESTIONNAIRE & ANSWERS
SAFETY STANDARS:
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5) HOW MANY TYPE OF PERMITS ARE USED?
Hot work permit,
Cold work permit,
Confined space entry permit,
Excavation permit,
Lifting permit,
Night work permit,
Radiography permit,
Other permits as per job requirement.
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12). WHAT ARE THE HAZARDS IN A CONFINED SPACE?
Oxygen Deficiency or Enrichment, presence of toxic or flammable gases,
chemical hazards fire hazards fall of materials fall hazards electrocution
dust sounds heat or cold caught in between moving Equipments
engulfment etc.
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or to the neighboring community and environment. An Undesirable event
which has the potential to cause loss.
Petroleum, Chemicals & Mining Division
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27). WHAT IS RADIOACTIVITY?
Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nucleus emits
ALPHA particles BETA particles or GAMA rays or electromagnetic rays
during this process.
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35) WHO IS AN AUTHORIZED EXPOSE PERSON?
He is one who got formal training in the use of sealed source and X-RAY
equipment used in industry radiography.
48) What is different between a flash back arrestor and a check valve?
A check valve allows flow in one direction only. This prevents oxygen
reaching acetylene cylinder and acetylene reaching oxygen Cylinder in
the event of blockage in the torch or line or pressure variations.
But a flash back arrestor prevents reverse flow; stop the flow of flame
from reaching the cylinder in the event of a flash back or the temperature
exceeds a limit (220 degrees f.)
50) What is the classis of fire and what type of fire extinguishers are
used for them?
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56) Who can erect scaffolding?
Certified scaffold
57) Who can inspect the components used for erecting a scaffold?
A competent and certified scaffolding supervisor
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65) What is the minimum height of a toe-board?
Minimum 4 inches
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scaffold movement. The temporary foundation or truck set on uneven
ground for scaffold movement shall be level and properly secured. The
height of the working platform shall not exceed 4 times of the minimum
base dimension, if it exceeds this limit outriggers must be installed. A
complete guard rail system must be provided. The scaffolding shall be
inspected and tagged before use by a competent person.
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78) What is lock-out/tag-out system?
For servicing or maintenance of live equipments or pipe lines where the
unexpected energizing or release of energy could cause of injury, lock and
tag are place on the isolating device to avoid uncontrolled operation and
give details of the lock-out schedule.
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80) What is the importance of a tool-box meeting?
The workers can be educated about safe work rules and procedures, and
their awareness can be improved on some task.
84) What are the safety requirements for doing a hot work?
• Remove all combustible materials from the area (with in 10m), if
possible.
• Use fire blanket to protect immovable combustible materials and also for
welding slugs.
• Cover the area with fire blanket for containment of sparks generated
while doing hot work.
• Provide proper fire extinguisher in sufficient numbers.
• Appoint a fire-watch with red jacket, if necessary.
• Barricade the area and post proper signage.
• Use of proper PPE and damage free
• Conduct gas tests if presence of combustible gases expected prior to
work.
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To improve safety performances by reducing LTA’s incidents and near
misses.
86) What is a risk assessment?
Risk assessment is a method of estimating the rate of risk of an activity, by
classifying actual and potential consequence and finding out mitigation
actions to limit that risk.
91) What is heat stroke? What is the different stage through which a
person undergoes before he gets heat stroke?
During hot days, due to dehydration, body temperature increases beyond
safe limit, because of breakdown of body’s heat regulating mechanism.
Due to this the person collapses and if not taken care off he can even die.
This is called heat stroke.
Generally pulse raises 20 beats per minute for each 1 degree C rise in
temperature, heat cramps: Exercising in hot weather can lead to muscle
cramps, because of brief imbalances in body salt.
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Heat exhaustion: further losing of fluid and salt can lead to dizziness and
weakness body temperature may rise up to 102 degree F.
Heat stroke: In some cases, extreme heat can upset body’s thermostat,
causing body temperature to rise to 105 degree F. or higher. Symptoms are
lethargy, confusion and unconsciousness, heat stroke can kill.
92) How is the soil classified? What is the slope to be given for each
type of soil while excavating?
The following is a short explanation of soil classifications. You should
check the standard for detailed information regarding classifying soils
.
Type A soils
Cohesive soils that have an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5
tps or greater.
E.g. clay, salty clay, sandy clay & clay loam
Type A soils cannot have or be subjected to the following:
Fissures
Subjection to vibration from traffic, pile driving or similar conditions
Been previously disturbed
Or if it has been subjected to other factors that would change its
classification
Type B soils
Cohesive soils that have an unconfined compressive strength greater
than 0.5 tps but less than 1.5tsf
E.g. angular gravel, silt, silt loam, sandy loam and previously
disrobed soils except those which would be classified as Type C soil
Also includes soils that meet some of the requirements of Type A
soils but is fissured or subject to vibration; or dry rock that is not stable.
Type C soils
Cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength of 0.5tsf or
less
E.g. granular soils including gravel, sand and loamy sand
Also submerged soil or soil from which water is freely seeping or
submerged rock that is not stable
Stable rock
A natural solid mineral material that can be excavated with vertical
sides and will remain intact while exposed. Maximum allowable slopes
Stable rock: vertical (90degrees)
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Type A: ¾:1 (53degrees)
Type B 1:1 (45degreed)
Type C: 1 ½: 1 (34degrees)
½: 1 (63 degrees) slope is allowed for only short term excavations that
are 12feet deep or le
93) What are the precautions to be taken while handling and storing
compressed cylinders?
1) Where cylinders are to be kept for an appreciable length of time should
be provided to ensure that they cause no hazard to workers or public in the
area.
2) Cylinders should be stored in a well ventilated area-preferable in open
air but protected from the weather.
3) The store should be away from fire risks and source of heat and
ignition. Nothing else should be stored in the area.
4) The cylinders should be stored upright on a firm level, well drained
surface free from hollows and cavities. All long grass, weeds etc. should
be removed.
5) Cylinders should be secured so as they are prevented from falling over,
when in storage or use.
6) Cylinders should be segregated within the store according to type and
weather full or empty.
7) Oxygen and oxidizing gases should be separated flammable gases by
6m or by a fire resistant partition.
8) No electrical apparatus should be installed within a cylinder store unless
it is constructed to a suitable standard for the hazard.
9) No cylinder should be used in a storage area.
10) Appropriate warning signs “HIGHLY FLAMMABLE”. NO
SMOKING”, “FULL/EMPTY” etc. should be displayed.
11) Suitable fire fighting apparatus should be situated adjacent to the store.
Typically dry powder fire extinguishers. These should be inspected and
maintained at intervals not exceeding 1 year.
12) Where cylinders area required to be stored in a compound this should
be located not less than 3meters from any building, site or public access
road. The compound fence should be a minimum of 2 meters high, and it
should have two means of escape, with the gates opening outwards.
13) Where it is necessary to take precautions vandalism or theft, suitable
protection cages should be used.
14) Each cylinder should be adequate marked to include the
manufacturer’s mark and serial number, together with an indication of the
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specification to which the cylinder is constructed and its years of
manufacture. A date of test and pressure test, together with weight of
cylinder and the name of the product, should be displayed.
15) When gas cylinders are to be transported they should be protected
from physical damage and the consequences of any leaks that may occur
minimized
16) Move cylinders by hand in proper cylinder trolleys where the cylinder
is secured in the trolley.
17) Take great care when lifting cylinders as they can be very heavy and
awkward to handle.
18) Before moving any cylinders remove all attached equipment including
regulators and safety cap must be provided.
19) The cylinders should be properly supported and secures within the
vehicle so they cannot move during the journey. They should be totally
within the vehicle and protected from impact.
20) The cylinders should be checked to ensure that the valves are closed
and there are no leaks.
21) The vehicle should be equipped with a suitable fire extinguisher.
Typically dry powder, minimum capacity 2kg.
22) There should be no smoking within the vehicle while crying cylinders.
23) The driver of the vehicle should be conversant with the load and have
written information on the hazards and the action to be taken should any
problems occur. The driver should also have training in the operation of
the fire extinguisher and any other safety equipment carried.
94) What are the type of fire extinguishers commonly used and
briefly, explain each one?
Multipurpose dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halo, wet chemical or foam,
pressurized water are the commonly used fire extinguishers.
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Carbon Dioxide – Class “B” or “C” fires 2.5-100lb. of CO2 gas at 150-
200 psi (8-30seconds discharge time).
Has NO pressure gauge-capacity verified by weight 3-8 ft. maximum
effective range.
Extinguisher by smothering burning materials, Effectiveness
decreases as temperature of burning material increases.
Halo – Class “A”,”B”, or “C” fires (smaller sizes ineffective against class
“A”). 9-17 lb. Halo 1211 (pressurized liquid) releases as vapor (8-18
seconds discharge time). Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity
check 9-16 ft. maximum effective range. Works best in confined area –
ideal for electronics fire due to lack of residue.
Extinguishers by smothering burning materials, Fumes toxic if inhaled,
Halo is ozone depleting chemical – production halted in Jan ’94.
Wet Chemical or Foam – Class “A”, “B” fires 1.5gal of stored pressure
PRX wet chemical extinguishing agent (40 sec. discharge time) 10-12 ft.
maximum effective range. On Class “K” fires, don’t use until after fixed
extinguishing system has activated, Extinguishes by cooling and forming
foam blanket to prevent reigniting.
What is S
95) What is the formula for incident rate? Number of Record able
injuries X 200,000
Number of employees Hour Worked
200,000 is the equivalent of 100 full time employees working for 40 hours
per week or 50 weeks per year (OSHA guidelines)
FIRE
97) What is Fire?
Chain reaction of FUEL, HEAT, OXYGEN.
A) Fuel any material which can burn like Paper, Rubber, Wood, Oil,
Lubricants, Gases, Metals like Phosphorous, Magnesium.
B) Heat or temperature at which the any fuel can ignite this depends on its
flash point.
C) Oxygen which is helping in combustion and is present in the air.
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98) How Fire can be extinguished?
Remove anyone of the above three elements of Fire. Fire will
extinguished,
A) Remove the burning material, the remaining materials will be safe.
B) Cut off the Oxygen by blanketing with foam or Fire blanket or any
other materials which cannot burn the oxygen will be cut off and fire
extinguished.
C) Remove or lessen the heat with water or use Carbon Dioxide fire
cylinder. Never use
Water for Electric Fire as water is good conductor of electricity and you
will get electric shock if water is used for electric fire.
99) What common type of the fire extinguisher is used for fire?
ABC or Dry Chemical Powder Fire Extinguisher used for Solid, Liquid
Gases and Electric Fire.
WORK PERMIT
100) what is a Work Permit?
A written document authorizing employees to carry out a work in a
designated area on equipment specifying the hazards, safety instructions
and PPE required for work.
CONFINED SPACES
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104) what is a SCBA?
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus, use in confined spaces or where
oxygen deficiency exists or where concentration of toxics gases is harmful
to humans.
SCAFFOLD
Before erecting scaffolds assess the work area for existing and for
potential future hazards which may impact on the work.
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RIGGING
110) what are different types of slings used for lifting?
a) Wire rope slings
b) Synthetic/Nylon Webbings
c) Chain Slings
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115) what is the sign of a portable electric tool having double
insulated?
(Double Square)
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123) what is Excavation and Ditches?
Digging of land with Machine or with men
125) What are the scaffoldings and its kinds and it’s Consists?
It is temporary platform
Kinds
A) System Scaffolding
B) Under Hang Scaffoldings
C) Mobile Scaffolding
D) Bract Scaffolding
E) Tower Scaffolding
F) Tube and Copular scaffolding
Scaffolding Consists
A) Sole Boards
B) Base Plates
C) Posts
D) Ledgers
E) Couplers
1. Right angle couplers
2. Right angle Double couplers
3. End to End Couplers
4. Adjustable Couplers
5. Girder Couplers
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F) Top rail
G) Mid rail
1. Should be in between top rail and toe boards
H) Toe Board
1. Distance between toe boards to top rail should be 38 to 43 inches
I) Bracings
1. Zigzag bracings 2. Transverse bracings
3. Longitudinal bracings and cross bracings
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131) what is Toolbox Talks?
Awareness about work situation to the employee is called toolbox talk
A development of safety briefings and deal with special issues at the
workplace.
SAFETY DEFINATIONS
136) Safety
Safety is a state where risk has been eliminated or reduced to an acceptable
level
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137) Fire
Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid oxidation or burning of a fuel.
It needs three elements to occur
138) Fuel
Fuel can be any combustible material – solid, liquid, or gas. Most solids
and liquids become a
139) Oxygen
Oxygen the air we breathe is about 21 percent oxygen. Fire only needs an
atmosphere with at least 16 percent oxygen.
140) Heat
Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a
point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur.
143) Dust
Dust consists of solid particles and is created by such operations as
grinding or sieving of solid materials, controlled detonations and various
drying processes.
144) Fumes
Fumes are finely particulate solids which are created by condensation from
a vapor, very often after a metal has been converted to the molten state.
Fumes are usually highly toxic.
145) Gases
Gas is the formless chemical which occupies the area in which it is
enclosed. There are many toxic gases used in industry, such as chlorine.
146) Mist
Mist consists of finely suspended droplets formed by condensation from a
gas or the atomizing of a liquid or from aerosols.
147) Vapors
Vapors are the gaseous form of a solid or a liquid, rise in temperature
causes the vaporization. Examples are organic solvent vapors’.
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148) Liquid
Liquid is a typical example of a liquid, Can be in other forms as droplets
or aerosols.
150) Toxic
Toxic substances and preparation that in low quantities cause death or
acute or chronic damage to health when inhaled swallowed or absorbed via
the skin.
151) Corrosive
Corrosive is substances and preparations that may on contact destroy
living tissues.
152) Density
The density of a material is defined as the mass of one cubic meter of
material
DENSITY = MASS/VOLUME
154) Heat
Heat is a form of energy. Heat can be produced by chemical means, e.g.,
by burning aviation fuel or by mechanical means, by fiction. Passing
electric current through a resistor also produces heat as in an Electric fire.
155) Element
Substances that consist of only one type of atom are known as elements.
EX. CARBON
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156) Molecules
If an element consists of more than one of the same type of atom,
chemically bound together, it is known as a molecule. EX. OXYGEN, The
term molecule can also be used to describe a substance that is made up of
more than one type of atom, water is example.
157) Compound
A mixture is a term used to describe a substance that is made up of more
than one type of molecule. EX. WATER
158) Combustion
Combustion is a chemical process. For it to occur, oxygen, usually from
the air, must combine with a fuel. A fuel is any substance that will burn
and may be in any one of the three states, solid, liquid or gas.
EX. SMOLDING OR FLAMING
Flammability Limits:
Flammability Limit
(% Fuel/Air by volume)
GAS LOWER LIMIT UPPER LIMIT
Hydrogen 4 75
Carbon Monoxide 12.5 74.2
Methane 5 15
Butane 1.5 9
Ethylene 2.7 28.6
Acetylene 5.5 80
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163) Work place group
The workplace group is such a group and we behave in accordance with
the collective, accepted behavior of the group.
164) Communication
Communication is defined as, imparting, conveying or exchanging
information, ideas or opinion by the use of speech, written, or graphics.
170) Investigation
The purpose of an investigation is primarily to find the cause, with the
intention of preventing a recurrence, rather than to blame
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173) Maintenance Inspections
Inspections involve examining, testing and making repairs/adjustments to
such items, often specified by the manufacturer or supplier.
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183) First Aid
First aid is the immediate care given to victims of an accident or illness
before qualified medical
Assistance arrives
184) Crushing
Crushing is where the body or part of the body is caught between two
moving parts of the machine or
Between moving and static objects such that they meet together.
185) Shearing
Shearing is where two parts of the machine are moving together to a
situation where one moves over the top of the other.
187) Entanglement
Entanglement is associated with a single rotating part of a machine.
Usually an item of clothing gets caught on the rotating part and the person
is draw rapidly to the machine.
189) Impact
Impact is where a powered part of the machine hits the person.
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192) Fixed Guard
These are guards with no moving parts designed to prevent access by
enclosing the hazard. Typically, a fixed guard will required a tool, such as
a spanner or screwdriver, to remove it.
193) Risk
Risk can be defined as the likelihood that the harm from a particular
hazard will happen. Risk reflects both the likelihood and severity of the
harm.
Risk = LIKELY HOOD X SEVERITY
196) Moral
Moral reasons are based on the concept of preventing people being hurt or
becoming ill.
197) Legal
Employers have a legal duty to protect their employees.
198) Economic
Accidents and ill-health costs can be high in terms of sick pay, lost
production, replacing damaged equipment etc.
200) Health
Examples of illnesses that are reportable are poisonings, skin and lung
disease, infections and occupational cancer.
201) Danger Occurrence
Non-injury incidents where there is serious potential for injury, such as a
collapsing scaffold.
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INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT RATIO:
Probability
No. of accidents resulting in serious injury
Total number of accident
Frequency Rate
No. of lost time accidents x 100,000
Number of man-hour worked
Severity Rate
Total number of days lost x 1,000
Total number of man-hours worked
Risk
Frequency (likelihood) x Severity
204) Battering
Allows almost any excavation to be carried out safely without the need for
a support system
205) Shoring
Shoring is artificial support for the side walls of an excavation.
206) Health
Health includes material as well as physical health and relates to the
protection of people, whether they are employees, contractors or visitors,
from harm.
208) Welfare
Welfare is concerned with the well-being and comfort of, primarily,
employees.
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209) Environmental Protection
Environmental protection relates to issues such as lighting, noise, heat, etc.
210) Incident
Events that give to accidents or have the potential to lead to an accident.
211) Accident
Accidents are undesired and unplanned events. They may cause personal
injury or property damage or both.
Psychological Problems
Psychological problems are diseases or injuries caused by exposure to
dangerous substances or practices.
216) Hazard
A hazard can be defined as a situation with the potential to cause harm or
danger.
217) Harmful
Harmful-substances and preparations that may death or acute or chronic
damage to health when inhaled swallowed or absorbed through the skin.
218) Chemical
Chemical health hazards may be divided into the following groups.
219) Carcinogenic
Substances and preparations which if inhaled or ingested or absorbed by
the skin may induce cancer or increase its incidence
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220) Irritant
Non-corrosive substances and preparations which through immediate,
prolonged or repeated contact with the skin or mucous membrane may
cause inflammation
221) Sensitizing
A substance or preparation that may cause an allergic reaction
224) Ammonia
A colorless gas with a pungent odor, soluble in water, a strong respiratory
irritant and corrosive substance, either as a gas or when combined with
water as a liquid, entry is by inhalation into the lungs or absorption
through the eyes or the skin
225) Chlorine
The basic ingredient of mustard gas but is also used in cleaning swimming
baths and in chlorine tanks, the immediate effect is choking, but it may
also damage the lining of the lungs
227) Isocyanides
Used to make adhesives, synthetic rubber, polyurethane paints and
lacquers, and quick-drying printing inks, the most important industrial
applications are in the manufacture of plastics and paints to make them
harden quicker.
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228) Asbestos
Previously used as an insulation and fire-resistant material in building
construction, it was also a common friction lining in machinery (brakes,
clutch plates, etc.
229) Silica
Silica is a naturally occurring element present in many and stones,
particularly sandstone, quartz and slate. It is a high toxic irritant when
inhaled as a dust and can cause numerous chest and respiratory tract
diseases.
230) Laptospira
Rats are the primary cause of the disease (Confined Space).
231) Hepatitis
Hepatitis is a virus causing similar symptoms to wail’s decease-fever,
jaundice, enlargement of the lever, hemorrhages and feverish relapses. It is
contracted primarily through injection, although ingestion of infected
substances may also be a route of entry.
233) Respirators
Respirators, which are designed to purify desirable air by inhaling it
through a medium which removes the contaminants
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237) Water Pollution
Liquid waste (effluent) comprising toxic substances such as detergents
discharged into ground water, rivers or sea water directly from sewers,
factories or surrounding land (such as fertilizers being washed away from
farm land by the rain).
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