Rizwan Ahmed Kashmiri 2016

v.imp safety notes for interview…

BASIC SAFETY DEFINITIONS
Safety
 Safety is the freedom from unacceptable risk of harm. Safety shall
refer to physical environmental conditions of work or employment
which constantly comply with the provision of this standard.
 Safety is barricade between hazards and safe way.
 Safety is the measurements that we do to safe our self, others and to
avoid the loss of property.
 Safety is the correct use of your sixth sense to save our self, others
property and environment.
 Safety is a common sense: Look, Think, Done to save yourself others
and property.
Fire
Fire is the chain reaction of three things Fuel, Heat and Oxygen. These three
things combine to a certain job proportion it will cause fire.

Hazard
(a)Hazard possibility to danger or harm, exposure to possible harm, loss or
injury it calls hazard.
(b)A situation with potential to cause harm or danger is called hazard.

Risk
Working without following safety measures cause risk or danger situation
according to the nature of work it calls risk.

Risk is the chance of something happening (event/situation) that has the

potential to cause harm to person/company/society.

Attitude: it is a person’s point of view or the way to look at some thing to act or
react to give him readiness.

Work Permit It is written authorization obtained by contractor from the client to

perform the job. It is also the record of work and direct communication between job
Supervisor and issuing Supervisor. It specifies job activity, hazards, safety
precaution and rules to perform job safely. Those areas or activity which are
designated by department manger, following includes Gas, Fuel, Liquid and
Pressurized pipes etc.

Confined Space A place having limited or restricted means for entry or exit,
where toxic gasses can collect, and which is not designated to continually occupy for
the employees. For example Tank, Boiler, vessels, pits, sumps and Excavation 4 feet
(1.2meter) deep or deeper.

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Incident Anything which could have cause of accident called incident.

Near Miss: These are any form of accident which could result in injury or loss but
do not.

Accident
(1) Accident: unplanned and undesired occurrences resulting from unsafe
acts and conditions in the work place its name is accident.
(2) Unplanned and undesired event which may cause personal injury,
Damage to property or equipment or loss of out put or all three called accident.

Types of accident:
Fatality, lost time injury, lost work day case, restricted work day case, near
miss accident, medical treatment case, first aid accident.

Tag Line It is used for balancing load for any lifting proposal.

ROW It is clearing made with pipeline to run along. Normally thirteen meters
away from the pipe line.

PPE (PPE) personal protective equipments are used or worn to protect workers
from the exposure to occupational hazard. It is considered as the last line of defense.

Health and Safety Committee: it is a group of employee and management that

plan develops and makes policies in all matters concerning safety, health and
environment.

Safety Officer: Safety Officer is the secretary of health and safety committee.

Industrial Hygiene: It is devoted to the recognition, evaluation and control of

factors and stress arising in and from the work place which can cause harm to the
work place.

Environment: A surrounding in which a person lives called environment as

water, land and air. It is everyone’s responsibility to help protect the clean
environment.

Emergency: Sudden juncture demanding immediate action called emergency.

Procedure: It is written instructions of top management, which are deal rules,

regulations and limitations between the client and contractor to perform the job
safely.

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Pre-commissioning and commissioning

When the construction of some system or facility is almost completed, those
sections which have been completed have to be tested to see that they confirm the
requirement and working orderly. In this process we do different tests as hydro
static, pneumatic test, steam blowing, electrical tests etc. It is physically and
functionally booth way testing. Punching lists are punched during pre-
commissioning. And commissioning is hand over or commissioned (product in
process) of the system of facility. (Live facility or system)

Pre-commissioning: MCC mechanical completion walk down, line x-Ray,

according to QC, Hydro test and its bar limit and hydro test certification. After this
if required pneumatic test and its certification. Competent person from QC shall tell
that how much barricading for pneumatic test requires. After leakage test steam
blowing shall be performed. For all tests stated above lock out procedure requires.
Before steam blowing insulation shall be done at the line from the header to branch
lines. Insulation comprises gladding (metal aluminum sheet) and insulation
(sponge). No entry on bleeders. According to the nature of facility it shall be tested
for example in sub-station high voltage testing.

Steam blowing
Steam blowing is a procedure to clean oil, grease, rust, metal sparks and
other particulates from pipe line left during erection or maintenance. We use
temporary silencer (water spray) to reduce noise. Normally 450centigrade
temperature is used for this purpose.

Kinds of pipe cleaning: steam blowing, chemical cleaning, Hydro jetting,

nitrogen purging.
After steam blowing nitrogen is used so that remaining water shall transform in to
vapors and come out through bleeders. In fact nitrogen chills pipes. And no entry
shall be allowed on bleeders.

Lock out and tag out or isolation: Lock out and tag out is used to prevent
injury or loss from the release of all kind of stored energy for example pneumatic,
water, gas, electrical, mechanical, steam, acid and hydraulic. Chains, locking pins,
locks, retainer and other hardware devices we use for this purpose.

Isolation: It’s a procedure to isolate some specific part of facility from system to
work on.
It is like a document: to isolate the confined space (tank boiler vessel etc.)
from pipeline with double block and bleed valves and blinding. Lock out tag out
shall be done from operation side and maintenance shall also hold tags and set locks.

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Kinds of Blinds
1-Spectacle blind 2-Slip blind 3-Flange blind
JSA
JSA is a document describing job activity, its hazards and steps to reduce
hazards. It is prepared by maintenance department.

Risk assessment:
It is carried for high risk before starting a job. It is an informative document
describing about four what’s (1) what can go wrong? (2) What can cause it going
wrong? (3) What can be happen it hazard release? (4) What can we do to prevent it
for going wrong?

Method statement:
It is a documentation through that contractor shall inform the client
about the methods that how he will perform the job safely.

Kinds of work permit

Confined space entry (2) hot work permit (3) cold work permit (4) gas
release

Scaffolding Tags:
We use three types of tags for scaffolding
(1) Green: It means that scaffolding is safe to climb
(2) Yellow: Scaffolding is not safe or full body harness is required.
(3) Red: Only scaffolder’s can climb or in construction.

Safety standards:
OSHA : Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
HSE: Health Safety Environment.
MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet.
ANSI: American National Standard Institute.
SMS: Safe Method State.
SHEMS: Safety Health Environmental Management Standards

CANAPE:
Is a net used to safe the workers from falling objects.

Safety Action Plan: shall be submitted to client’s safety department for approval
before starting a major job.

Safe work plan: shall be submitted to client one day before starting a job. Field
supervisor shall conduct tool box talk based on safe work plan.

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General short questions:

(Q) What is HCISS
(Ans) High commission industrial safety and security

(Q) What is different between bar and Psi?

(Ans) 14.3 Psi is equal to one bar?

(Q) What is difference between boiler and heat exchanger?

(Ans) Boiler prepare steam which is used to run different equipment as
generators, engines etc. And heat exchanger transforms heat into cooling or
cooling in to heat. It is thermal energy.

(Q) What is DBA?

(Ans) It is frequency of noise at which we use ear protection.85dba ear plug.

(Q) ELCB?
(Ans) earth leakage circuit breaker.

(Q) RCCB?
(Ans) Residual current circuit breakers.

(Q) RPE?
(Ans) Respiratory Purifying Equipment.

(Q) HYPO?
(Ans) It is insulation test of cables; we give more voltage than its capacity.

(Q) What is third party?

(Ans) Third part is a department which inspects heavy equipment.

(Q) What is the length of body harness?

(Ans) lanyard1.8+shock absorber .7mtr=2.5mtr normally. And it is hooked at
least 18 feet above from the ground. It is capable to support 2450 (2300) kg
and without shock absorber if a 100kg man falls, it shall fall with the force of
2000kg. Shock absorber reduces this force not grater than 600kg. Body
harness shock absorber require more than 200kg force for unzipping. For
fall arrest we use three things body harness, guard rail and net (mesh).

(Q) Which device we use for light measuring?

(Ans) Lux meter

(Q) Which device we use for wind measuring?

(Ans) Anemometer

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(Q) What is CPR?
(Ans) cardiac pulmonary resuscitation (thirty push +two blows) and push
should be 1 or 1.5 inches.

(Q) How much distance should be from fire to fire extinguisher?

(Ans) 12 feet (pass method shall be use P pull out the pin A aim at fire S
squeeze the handle S spray side by side)

(Q) What is RFSU?

(Ans) Ready For Start Up.

(Q) How far fire extinguisher should be from welding machine?

(Ans) One meter.

(Q) What is PSSR?

(Ans) It is Pre-start up safety review, (before starting safety is reviewed).

(Q) What is PHA?

(Ans) It is Process hazard analyses. (During the process of product safety
audit and observation are taken to analyze the hazards.

(Q) What is the lost time injury calculation?

(Ans) lost time injury=Days lost X 200000/man hours.

(Q) What is the calculation of incident rate?

(Ans) Incident rate=number of recordable injury X 200000/man hours

(Q) what is TLV

(Ans) It is Threshold Limit Value.

(Q) PEL
(Ans) Permissible exposure limit (Acceptable limit of atmosphere as H2S less
than 10ppm is acceptable.

(Q) What is REL?

(Ans) Recommendable exposure limit

(Q) Which part of body is affected by electric?

(Ans) Heart, brain, lungs and muscles

(Q) If some body is caught by electric what will u do then?

(Ans) electric supply shall be disconnected through circuit breaker or main
switch or any other way if possible, Other wise wooden piece or non
conducting thing shall be use to pull the victim from cable. After pulling he
shall be kept in wet sand. Water shall not be given to him for drink. CPR
shall be given for breath restoration.

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(Q) How much barrication for high voltage testing.
(Ans) normally 10mtrs for 380kv and for 560kv 20mtrs.

(Q) TWA
(Ans) Time waited area

(Q) What is GFCI?

(Ans) Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (it is not required less than 24 volts
because human hand have 15 volts resistance.

(Q) What is paraphoric material

(Ans) Auto ignites able material when it is exposed to air it will caught fire.

(Q) What is Hydro jetting pressure?

(Ans) It is cleaning of rust from the metal, 20000 to 40000 PSI in (PK 36000
pounds were using).

(Q) What is STA?

(Ans) Safety Task Assessment

(Q) What is lethal dose?

(Ans) An atmosphere where entry is not allowed at any rate until hazard
reduces.

(Q) What are the kinds of life line?

(Ans) Two kind’s 1. vertical 2. horizontal

(Q) What is the gas tester speed to test some gas?

(Ans) Analyzer, sniffer or gas tester sampling time is .5 second/feet.

(Q) After how much time gas testing shall be in the confined space if hot
work in progress and why?
(Ans) Gas testing should after every hour or continually should be monitor
if hot work in progress in the confined space. Because fire use oxygen to burn

(Q) What are the kinds of accident?

(Ans) Fatality, lost time injury, last work day case, restricted
work day case, near miss incident

(Q) which equipment is used additional with SCBA in the confined space
(Ans) SCOT PACK (SCBA alarm shall sounded before 10 minutes of
oxygen ending).

(Q) What is the requirement of excavation required entry attendant or to

call it confined space.
(Ans) 1.2mtr deep or deeper

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(Q) For fire safety which things we use?
(Ans) Fire extinguisher, fire blanket, fire hose, smoke detector and fire
hydrant are used.

(Q) What is NFPA?

(Ans) National Fire Protection Association

(Q) What are lifting hazards?

(Ans) Unbalanced load over loading crane may fail slings can break
load can struck with worker, structure, building or live lines

(Q) What is the validity of crane third party sticker?

(Ans) One year

(Q) What is TUV?

(Ans) It is Technician’s uberwashung version. This is semi government
department which is certified to issue inspection sticker of heavy equipment.
This is called third party. Client’s one expert person for mechanical
inspection shall review the sticker and shall issue sticker to enter the
equipment in the plant. Check list shall be review as per client requirement
weekly, 15days or monthly. Before entering the crane in the plant all documents'
shall be sent to client as Manufacturer's certification, Third party certificate etc.

(Q) What is HEOT?

(Ans) Heavy equipment operating and testing this is third party which
inspects vehicles. It is government department.

(Q) What are the requirements to check portable compressor

(Ans) Whip lash arrestor coupling should be in good position
hoses shall be in good order earthing barricading

(Q) what is inert gas

(Ans) any gas which shall not react with any other gas. Example: Nitrogen
 Dilution tube is used to test of gas in Nitrogen, it removes oxygen
where there it exists, this is the reason that we use nitrogen for
purging.

(Q) What is catastrophic?

(Ans) Any thing which can cause great devastation is called catastrophic.

(R) What is IDLH?

(Ans) Immediate Danger to life and health.

(Q) What is berm?

(Ans) Pipelines are covered with sand and MC1 is sprayed on that flat strip
it is called berm in safety.

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(Q) Which warning tape is used in commissioning?
(Ans) Blue and white is used.

(Q) for Potential hazard

(Ans) Red and white.

(Q) for little hazard (warning)

(Ans) Yellow and black it is caution tape that you can pass if there is no
hazard with your own observation.

(Q) What is SAG

(Ans) Saudi Arabian Government

(Q) SCCS
(Ans) SABIC Construction Crane Specialist
(Q) SCCC
(Ans) SABIC construction crane commette.

Slings load calculation: Length /height X weight/number of slings

6/4x2000kg=3000/2=1500

(Q) What will you check during scaffolding inspection?

(Answer) Foundation, posts, Runners and bearers, Tubing and coupling,
Planks and plate form, Guardrail and toe boards, Stability and Access.

(Q) What are the hazards of scaffolding?

(Answer) Over weight, electric hazard,, unstable foundation (sole board) fall
hazard,, instability, insufficient fitting or substandard material,, psychological
problem.

(Q) What is written on the scaffolding tag?

(Answer) Area, location, inspection date, scaffolder’s name and signature and safety
officer’s signature

Fire Safety measures

As mentioned above fire is the chain reaction of three things fuel, heat and
oxygen. These three things combine to a certain proportion it will be fire.
Awareness should be given to employs about fire safety.

General: Flammable and explosive materials shall be kept to minimum at

site.

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Ignition: sources shall be kept away from flammable and combustible

material materials such as
Hot plates Electrical cords that are damaged Asphalt
cattle’s Welding Cutting Brazing
Flammable liquids give off fumes they have a flash point below
54centigrade, so
Ground all dispensing drums to the main supply and bond the receiver to the
drum. Use approved cables and clumps to bond the receiver with drum.
Label all containers as to content.
Flammable shall not be poured with in 50 feet of ignition sources.
While refueling engine shall be kept off.
Metal solvent safety cans shall have FM or UL label.
Transportation shall be in closed metal containers plastic is prohibited.
Storage of flammables shall be in well ventilated areas.
Diesel engine shall be operated only in well ventilated areas.
Flammable material should be 50 and combustible materials should be 35
feet away from welding, cutting brazing.
Mobile phones shall not be allowed inside of the plants.
Cigarettes shall be smoked only in smoking area which should be designed at
a place free of hazards.

HAZARDS OF FIRE:
Inhalation of toxic fumes produced by combustion.
Suffocation and lack of visibility due to smoke.
Burns due to heat or flame.
Suffocation due to lack of oxygen.
Collapse of building.
Poor visibility.

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS:
Combustible liquids also give off fume; they have a flash point at or above
54c. So
Separate flammable from combustible materials. Bulk storage should be 50
feet away from ignition sources, buildings and plants.

Radiography:
Radiography is testing of x-ray welding. To detect the effects in Mattel we
use x-rays and gamma rays it is called radiography.
Radioactivity: The spontaneous emition of radiation by atomic nuclei
resulting in their disintegration is called radioactivity.

Its measuring unit is Sievert (s.v) or Roentgen or Curi

Geiger meter is used for the monitoring of radiation.

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After exposure Film Badges are used to analyze the amount of radiation to
which the person is exposed.
Kinds of radiography:
(1) Conventional radiography: (2) Safe red radiography:
Safety measures:
 Third party shall perform this activity approved from Saudi
Technical Institute.
 Radiation work permit.
 Radiation workers shall wear calibrated and valid date both a
film badge and pocket dosimeter.
 Barriers, sign boards and amber flashing lights shall be fixed
around the work.
 Safety watch man shall be assigned.
 Proper lightning for night time work.
 Radiations shall be kept shielded, labeled and tightly sealed
containers so that radiation level may not exceed 2mrilliam/hr
at 30cm (1.2feet) from shielding
 For <1 curi25mtrs barricading and for >1curi up to <5
curi38mtrs barricading is required from operational area.
 Calibrated radiation detection equipment shall be kept in
hand.
 Area shall be cleaned from unauthorized person.
 Work shall be stopped at 32km/h wind velocity
 Radiation incident shall be immediately reported to loss
prevention department.

CRANE SAFETY MEASURES

 Vehicle entry & work permit. (Hot work permit +lifting permit)
 Crane shall bear valid inspection sticker. (Third party) if expiry or removed
crane shall not be allowed to operate.
 Operator shall have both Saudi Arabian Government crane operating license
and third party certification.
 Rigger shall be also third party certified.
 Preoperational check list shall be checked if any deficiency report
immediately to supervisor for corrective action.
 Load chart and range diagram shall be displayed in every crane cabin.
 Lifting plan.
 Tag line for balancing the load.
 If the object load is unknown use load cell, LMI or weighing scale.
 Outriggers shall be fully extended for the stability of crane.
 Crane shall be earthed
 Tire shall be off from the ground. (2inches)

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 Float pad shall be used.
 Work shall be stopped if wind velocity is 32km/hr (20Miles) or follow load
chart to reduce according to the manufacturer’s specification.
 Crane shall be leveled as per bubble level 1%.
 Crane boom shall be kept away 20 feet from 250000v power lines and more
than 250000v it shall be kept 25 feet. For this purpose goal post shall be used
25feet down from power lines and 50mtr away both sides of power lines.
 Crane shall be kept twice times the depth of excavation.
 All crane accidents and incidents shall be immediately reported to the Loss
Prevention department.
 Accident scene shall not be disturbed until loss prevention agreement.

TRAVEL OF CRANE:
Requires removal of jibs, boom shall be fully lowered and retracted
swing lock engaged and hook block secured.

RIGGING:
Rigging includes all attachments attached to the load and all devices attached
to the crane hook.

Wire rope slings and chain slings shall bear a permanent manufacturer label
showing capacity (SWL) in metric tons.
Manufactures name and trade mark.
Serial number by manufacturer.
Chain Slings shall also show their steel grade.
Synthetic web sling and fiber rope slings shall bear a durable label showing
Capacity in metric tons for straight pull, basket hitch and chocker hitch.
Date sling was manufactured
WHAT ARE CRITICAL LIFTS?
Around energized electrical line, on barges, vessels, long range, multiple lifts (two
cranes lift one object), tailing lift ( two cranes lift one object one from top and other
from tail as vessel, column), Rubber pick, man basket, high level , near or over
hydrocarbon pressurized pipelines,

KINDS OF CRANE: Mobile crane, Hydraulic crane, Crawling crane, Tower crane,
Gantry crane and over head crane.

LIFTING PLAN: Object wait, Boom angle, length and jibs length, Crane type, crane
location, area number, contractor name, crane inspection sticker.

RIGGER: Shall inspect the slings and all rigging equipment. He shall use universal
hand signal to direct the crane operators or shall use radio.
Riggers have three classes: A class above (40tons) B class (40tons) C class (20tons)

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LIFTING REQUIREMENTS: Third party inspection sticker, lifting plan, lifting
permit, weather condition, JSA, certified operator and license of Saudi Arabian
Government, Certified rigger,
All Cranes shall have fire extinguisher, back up alarm, emergency shut off switch,
seat belt and revolving lights.

Scaffolding
Scaffolding is a temporary elevated work plate form.
Components:

(a) Planks (boards (b) Bearers (Transom)

(c) Longitudinal bracing (Façade) (d) Transverse (sectional) bracing
(e) Top rail (f) Mid rail
(g) Toe board (h)Post (standard)
(i) Runners (lagers) (j) Base plate
(k) Sole board (sill sole board) (l) Self closing drop bar
(m) Base lift (kicker lift) (n) False upright (puncheon)
(o) Coupler (p) Intermediate Bearer

Kinds of scaffolding:
 System scaffolding
 Tube and coupler scaffolding
 Mobile scaffolding
 Bracket scaffolding (around tank column)
 Tower scaffolding
 Under hung scaffolding
 Birdcage scaffolding
 Base supported scaffolding

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Erection:
 Work permit (cold work permit).
 Erection plan shall be submitted to loss prevention for all scaffolding
above 40feet (12.2meters) high.
 Tube and coupler scaffolding 125feet high shall be designed by a
competent engineer.
 Planks shall be cleated, overlapped or secured to prevent slipping or
tripping.
 Planks shall not be painted, cut or cracked.
 Planks shall be extended at least 6 to12 inches beyond the end frame.
 Floor shall be fully planked, if gap, less than 1 inch.
 Scaffolding shall be erected 14 inches away from the building or
structure.
 Top rail shall be (39)/38 to 45 inches high from toe board.
 Mid rail should be in between the top rail and toe board and shall be
capable to bear 150lbs side force.
 Toe board shall be at least 4 inches high one inch thick wood (metal
4mm) and capable to support 50 lbs. side force.
 Over lap planks 12 inches but over the support.
 Top rail should be capable to bear 200 lbs side force.
 Planks shall not be nailed with each other.
 Planks shall not be split more than 1 inch and if more than it and less
than 12 inches it shall be banded with metal.
 Bay width for heavy duty 3feet.
 For medium duty 1.5 meters (4.6feet).
 For light duty 6.2 feet (2meters).
 Base plate thickens 4mm and 6x6 inches.
 Sole board thickness 1.5 inches and 9inches wide and spam at least
two posts.
 Post standard radius 1.90inches.
 Tie scaffolding at least more than the four times of base width or at
every 7.9 meter (26feet) vertically and 9.1meter (30feet) horizontally
but at least once in each direction.
 Ladder shall be 3 feet high from landing point.
 Rest platform every 20 to 30 feet.
 When vertical height increases 100feet 2means of exit and when
horizontal distance increase 50 feet at least two means of entry shall
be provided.
 Ladders should be 57 or ¼ angle.
 Scaffolding shall be erected 1.5 times away from the depth of
excavation.
 And ten feet from live lines. Base lift or first lift height should be 6
feet high.

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 Light duty scaffolding is capable to support one man and 20kg per
square meter.
 Medium duty scaffolding is capable to support two men and 40kg per
square meter.
 1.8 meter high scaffolding require stairwells and if not sufficient
guard rail system body harness.
Mobile scaffolding:
 Height shall not exceed four times of base dimension.
 Nobody shall ride mobile scaffolding.
 Caster and wheel brakes shall be chocked.
 Out riggers shall be deployed before use.
Couplers:
 A component which is used to join scaffolding two tubes together.

Kinds of couplers:
Right angle coupler, right angle double coupler
End to end coupler adjustable coupler (swivel)
Girder coupler put log coupler
 Right angle coupler is used to connect two tubes at right angle.
 End to end coupler is used for externally joining two scaffolding tubes
co-axially end to end.
 Adjustable coupler (swivel) is used for connecting two tubes together
at an angle other than 90.
 Girder coupler is used for connecting a scaffolding tube to a steel wide
flange beam. It shall be used in pairs.
 Put log (bearer) coupler is used for connecting bearer with runner.

Gas welding/Arc welding and cutting and brazing

Safety Measures:
 Work permit (hot work permit) before commencement of work
 All welding operators shall be qualified to operate the welding equipment
and third party certified.
 Personal protective equipment shall be worn by all employs (helmet gloves
safety glass (goggles) long sleeves or leather apron).
 Area (35feet SABIC and 50feet ARAMCO) shall be cleaned from
combustible and flammable materials.
 Cover all doors panels, sewers and man holes with in 50feet of the hot work,
 Barricade with warning sign and warning tape.
 Wet the area and keep running water supply on.
 Erect welding curtains (fire blanket) to stop welding sparks.
 Fire watch shall be assigned.
 Fire extinguisher shall be provided with in 10 feet of operational area and
their access shall be easy and clear.

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Arc welding:
 Arc welding machine shall be grounded to the main supply.
 Ground the work piece to the main supply (welding machine).
 Provide GFCI to the arc welding machine auxiliary outlets if power tools
needs to be use.
 Electric shall not exceed 125 volts AC.
 Electrode shall be removed from the holder if it is left un-attendant.
 Welding cables shall have no splice.
 Welding machine shall be shut off while refueling.
 Airline respirators are required if fume hazards can not remove by
ventilation.
 Confined space work requires force ventilation (air mover).
 Metal container to put welding rods rubbish or sparks.
 Welding rods shall be kept in containers which keep them hot.
 Arc welding lens shade 10 to 14 according to exposure.
 Torch cutting 3 to 6.
 Gas welding 4 to 8.
Gas welding:
 Store cylinders in the upright position, especially acetylene. Acetylene is
dissolved in acetone in an acetylene cylinder. When acetylene cylinder is
stored in its side, it may separate from acetone and become unstable and
cause an internal explosion.
 Acetylene regulator pressure shall not exceed 15Psi (acetylene can explode
above 15Psi).
 Separate oxygen cylinders from fuel (acetylene) cylinders 20feet away or
with fire proof 5feet high wall.
 Separate empty cylinders and mark as Mt.
 Cylinder storage shall be well ventilated and under sunshades.
 Secure cylinders with wire, rope or chain to prevent fall over.
 Oil, grease or any hydrocarbon shall not be use in any oxygen cylinder fitting
or system.
 Copper or silver shall not be use in any system acetylene.
 Flash back flame arresters shall be use for torches and hoses.
 Color code hoses as oxygen or fuel.
 Torches shall be constructed of brass or bronze or stainless steel and have
FM or UL label.
 Valve caps shall be in place when cylinder not in use.
 Color of oxygen green\
 Acetylene yellow
 Organ silver
 Lighter or matchbox shall not be used to light the hoses.
 Sop water shall be use for leakage checking.

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PRESSURE TESTING:
 Notify inspection department, loss prevention and company representative
before preparing for the test (Hydrostatic, pneumatic and leakage etc).
 Written approved procedure shall be obtained 2days before the test with
high potential hazards and pressure test diagram shall be kept at site.
 Work permit shall be obtained (multi cold hot and confined space )
 Access shall be controlled by barricading sign boards and assigned lock outs
and tags. (For 10bar 3mtr and for 15bars 4mtr and 20bar 5mtr barricading
is procedure.
 Test personal shall remain at a safe place from which to view and control the
test.
 Safety glass, ear protection, helmet foot protection and face shield shall be
worn by test personal.
 Emergency equipment (fire extinguisher) shall be readily available.
 Calibrated and tested relief valves shall be installed to protect the system.
 Pressure gauges calibrated and tested with (double) block and bleed valves
shall be installed on the system.
 Vent air prior to the test from system.
 A bleed valve shall be provided on the test system.
 Only authorized person shall enter in the area.
 Safety watch shall be assigned on the entry and exit point.
Hazards of pressure test.
 Equipment may fail / injury (line burst)
 Spill or leak of chemicals/ burns to skin contaminate environment.
 Equipment or fitting may fail. (Valve or nut bolts breakage).
 Water not drained / “water hammering” jumping lines. (Pig is used for water
hammering).
 Heat high noise.
 Possible pressure- burns /eye injury/ fire/ gas leakage.
 Electric shock.
 Flying parts of failing equipment.

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Diamond Label

Red for fire

Blue for health
Yellow for reactivity
White for special hazards
Red:
(4) Below 73F
(3) Below 100F
(2) Below200F
(1) Above200F
(0) will not burn
Blue:
(4) Deadly
(3) Extreme danger
(2) Hazardous
(1) Slightly hazardous
(0)Normal material

Yellow:
(4) May detonate
(3) Shock or heat may detonate
(2) Violent change chemical
(1) Unstable if heated
(0) Stable
White:
Oxidizer Oxy
Acid ACD
Alkali ALK
Corrosive COR
Use no water
Radiation hazard

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CHEMICALS HANDLING

 International hazard identification label shall be affix with every chemical

container, drum, carboy bottles and boxes showing fire, health, reactivity
and special hazards.
 Chemical containers shall have label showing specific content and strength
percentage.
 All chemicals shall have MSDS and copy shall be given to company
representative.
 Don’t store incompatible chemicals, follow the MSDS.
 Chemical handling requires face shield, gloves, protective clothing, footwear
and SCBA.
 Eye and face wash facilities shall be provided where hazard exist.
 Limit stored hazardous chemicals supplies in the work areas to one day.
 Contractor shall ensure that chemical storage is reviewed by loss prevention.
 Fire extinguishers shall be available of appropriate types.
 Don’t smell or detect chemicals by breathing.
 Storage shall be kept to minimum and shall not be on tables or high places.
 Storage shall be well ventilated
 Don’t chew or smoke near chemicals.

House keeping:

Good house keeping means not only cleaning or sweeping, it also means to keep
things in their right order.
 House keeping shall be priority.
 Collect debris refuse and trash daily.
 Use covered containers for refuse.
 Bend down nails in boards.
 Keep walking aisles, road ways clear.
 Storage yards should be orderly.
 Proponent approved lay down yards should be at least 50feet away from
buildings.
 Fire protection shall be provided.
 A sturdy grounded perimeter fence, with fire engine access gates shall
enclose the area.
Hazards of bad house keeping:
Slipping, tripping, material loss, damage of equipment, accident, incident,

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Sanitary welfare facilities:

 Keep eating areas clean.

 Employs shall take their lunch and break in designated areas which shall be
free of hazardous material.
 After break all trash debris and food refuse shall be collected.
 Consumption of food shall be under sunshade and ventilated area.
 Provide one toilet for every 15 workers.
 Toilets shall have proper ventilation and tissue and shall be kept clean when
necessary to provide good sanitation.
 Hand wash facility shall be available as water, soap or hand wash and trash
container and tissue.
 Provide drinking water and separate cup for every worker.
 Water container shall be cleaned on daily basis.
 Individual assigned for this task shall wash their hands with good soap and
use disposable rubber gloves.
 Containers shall be rinsed off outside before open. Containers shall be
washed with detergent, dish wash, hot water and sponge or scrub.
 Containers shall be rinsed in a solution of 2 tablespoon of chlorine bleach in
one gallon of water.
First Aid
 Every contractor shall provide first aid facilities for his employs.
 A first aid cabinet shall be on each job site.
 Cabinet shall be stocked at all the times.
 Cabinet shall be equipped with basic first aid facilities.
1. A sink with running water.
2. Soap and towel/paper towels.
3. Drinking water.(disposable cup)
4. Clean garments for first aid.
5. Pillow, blanket, proper cleaning of room, stretcher, portable
oxygen, sterile water, and bandage.
 A dedicated vehicle (ambulance) to transport the injured person to
contractor’s medical facility.
 Remote sites shall have one vehicle with a first aid kit for each crew.
And vehicle placarded to alert the workers of the first aid kit.
 Post emergency numbers of doctors at each site.
 At least one man at every remote site shall be trained in first aid.
 When more than 50 employs work inside a radius of 15km there shall
be a nurse and first aid kit.
 Safety officers shall be trained in CPR.
 All major or minor accidents or incidents shall be immediately
reported to client.
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WORK PERMIT:

Work permit is the record of work and written authorization obtained from the
client to perform the job. In other words it is direct communication between issuing
supervisor and the receiving supervisor to perform the job safely. It specifies job
activity, its hazards and their precautions.
 Use HIP to help complete the work permit.
 Use correct work permit for the job, hot work permit, confined space entry,
gas release and cold work permit.
 The issuer shall fill in the job description hazards and precautions.
 Conduct a joint site inspection both with issuer and the receiver together
before filling out the work permit.
 Gas testing shall be done by a certified gas tester prior to the work permit
approval signature.
 Identify high risk work: asbestos sand blasting, chemical cleaning, electrical,
cranes, excavation, vessel entry etc.
 Specify precautions for the high risk work: respiratory system, SCBA, locks
out and tag out, blinds, lifting plan etc.
 Counter signatures shall be obtained by issuer not the receiver.
 The receiver shall not leave the site until his alternate receiver is on the site
and his name is on the work permit.
Issuer responsibility:
1. State the job activity.
2. Fill up the work permit and state the job and hazards and
precautions
3. Conduct joint site inspection (describe all hazards and nature of job
and precautions of the job).
4. Tick all the sections and boxes.
5. Check that all controls have locked and tagged in the off position.
6. Isolation and gas testing.
7. Issuer shall sign the work permit.
Receiver’s responsibility:
1. Joint site inspection.
2. Make clear if he has any confusion or problem in the job with issuer.
3. Check isolation lockout and tag out, blinding.
4. Set locks and tags on the locking points.
5. Keep the work permit on job site.
6. If job hazards change stop the work and take new work permit.
7. Perform only job stated in the work permit.

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CONFINED SPACE:
A place having limited or restricted means of entry and exit, where toxic
gasses can be collect and which is not designed to continually occupy for the
employs as tanks, boilers, vessels, columns, pits sumps and excavations 1.2meter
deep or deeper.
Safety measures:
Preparation of confined space:
 Work permit.
 Confined space shall be isolated with double block and bleed valves, blinding
and setting locks and holding tags (electric circuits shall be disconnected).
 Place shall be purged if H2S or organ hazards exist or steam washed and
cleaned.
 Heat stress shall be reduced.
 Ventilation if not adequate force ventilation (air mover).But during gas test it
shall be kept of.
 Gas test to verify oxygen19.5/23.5persent, H2S should be less than 10PPM,
carbon mono oxide should be less than 35PPM and combustible (explosive)
gas) should be 0.0 percent.
Operation:
 Work permit confined space entry and other according to job and it
shall be placed near the job on visible place.
 Awareness shall be given to all employs about job activity and
employs should be trained to perform the job.
 Air line respirators shall be required if hazardous atmosphere exist.
 Trained entry attendant shall be provided with log book.
 Full body harness shall be provided if vertical arise increase 6feet.
 An exit ladder at every 25feet shall be fixed at an angle 75/ ¼
 Power tools shall be grounded.
 If hot work in progress gas test shall be continually monitor.
 Fire extinguisher shall be provided.
 Electric shall not exceed 24volts for lightning and for other purpose
110volts AC.
 Lightning shall be explosion proof.
 Barriers and sign boards on the exposed sides of confined space.
 Only authorized person shall enter.
 Non spark able tools (brass hammer) or pneumatic tools shall be use
if fire hazard exist as.

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Responsibilities of entry attendant:

 He shall note the employs that who is in side the confined space or
coming out of it. He shall stay in front of the hole.
 If there is no body in the confined space he shall put sign board (no
entry) on the hole of confined space.
 in case of emergency entry attendant shall call ERT team (or shout
help, help).He shall not enter in the confined space. He shall have
communication with the employs which are in the confined space time
and time.

Restoration of confined space:

 Work permit shall be used as check list as all personal are out of the
space.
 All equipment and tools have removed.
 All man holes and flanges have closed and sealed.
 All relief valves have restored to operate.
 All locks removed and blinds also removed.
Hazards of confined space:
 Oxygen deficiency or oxygen enriches.
 Extreme temperature.
 High noise.
 Poor visibility.
 Psychological factor.
 Electric shock.
 Contents of pipe lines and supply lines.
 Lock out may fail.
 Horse play may cause accident.
 Explosive, combustible gases or flammable gases can cause hazard.

Electricity

 Work permit (hot work permit)

 Qualified electrician (2)
 Non conducted tools
 Rubber gloves
 Floor mats
 CPR qualified person
 Barriers and warning signs
 Flammable and combustible material shall be removed from the area.
 All temporary connections shall have prior approval by the company
representative.

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 Contractor shall provide a competent person to review all temporary
installation for electrical safety and shall remain at site during the hot work
to supervise.
 Only qualified person shall make electrical connection.
 GFCI for all portable electrical tools.
 Electric supply shall not exceed 125 volts AC.
 Only FM, UL having cords shall be use.
 Remove electrical cords that are damaged.
 Shop made electrical cords shall not be allowed.
 Qualified electricians shall work.
 Over head or underground power lines shall be de-energized or rerouted, but
this shall be done by company representative approval.
 Electricians shall not use ring, wrist watch or chains.
 Blown fuse shall be removed by approved fuse pullers.
 Fire extinguishers dry chemicals

Electrical power tools portable

 Electric power tools shall have GFCI.
 Safety glasses shall be worn during use.
 Shall have a 3 wire ground cord and 3 prong ground plugs.
 Electric supply shall not exceed 125v AC.
 Cords shall have no splice or cut.
 Cords shall have FM UL label.
 No job made cords are allowed.
 All portable electric tools shall have dead man switch or trigger locking button.
 Any power tool designed with guard shall be equipped with that guard.
 Hand saws shall have guard that can be adjusted so that only exposed part of the
blade can cut.

EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
 Explosive operations require prior approval and scheduling by project
manager, loss prevention and security escort provided by the Saudi Arabian
Government Police.
 Notify at least 24 hours before blasting loss prevention, security, fire
protection, government affairs, proponents and work area supervisors.
 A work permit is required for all blasting operation, issued to the blaster in-
charge.
 Blaster in-charge is responsible for all safety aspects of the explosive
operation.
 Explosive storage shall be with in approved containers and facilities
(magazines).

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 Magazine location, separation and quantity shall be determined by the
American table of Distance for the storage of explosive material.
 Magazines shall be protected from intrusion by fences, locks and alarms.
 Storage magazines shall have lightning protection.
 Electric appliances shall explosion proof in the storage (magazine).
 Warning signs shall be posted on the outside of magazine i.e. “explosive keep
out”.
 Smoking, matches, lighters or any flame, heat or spark producing work shall
not be permitted near explosive material.
 Transportation in open body truck is prohibited without portable magazine.
 Vehicles transporting explosives shall have proper placards on all side.
 ABC fire extinguishers are required on transport vehicle.
 Each vehicle shall have 2men.
 All access roads to the blasting area shall be closed and barricaded during
blasting.
 Radio transmitters shall not be allowed with in 33 meters of electric
detonators unless they have been de-energized or effectively locked.
 Warning signs shall be posted around the blasting area.
 Audible and visual warnings shall be given before the blast.
 An audible all clear shall be sounded to indicate the area is clear to enter.

Asbestos and other Fibers

 Asbestos has been divided into three types, white, blue and brown. They
enter in body by absorbing. Tiny airborne (asbestos) enter in our lungs and
cause serious diseases, e.g. lung cancer.
 Prepare a HIP and obtain loss prevention and industrial hygiene review and
concurrence.
 Asbestos workers shall have chest x-Ray and medical evaluation and attach
with HIP.
 Area shall be barricaded and warning signs shall be erected.
 Label every wall, ceiling, machine, pipe line containing asbestos, waste bags
and containers as standard warning labels.
 Cartridge style respirators shall be worn for less dusty operation, as roofing,
paneling with minimum breakage.
 Cartridge shall be rated for asbestos.
 An adequate cartridge replacement shall be kept in hand.
 Users shall be trained and fit tested.
 Only clean shaven men will obtain a safe seal.
 Paper or dust masks are forbidden (paper or dust masks are forbidden they
are used for pollen and sand storm).
 For dusty operation as deluging, demolition air line respiratory system shall
be required.
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 Protective clothing shall be provided for each worker, disposable coveralls,
head covering, gloves and foot covering.
 Showering and washing facility shall also be provided.
 Worker shall not be allowed to eat, drink or smoke on site until washing
hands.
Asbestos Removal:
 Wet asbestos with water before it removing to reduce airborne.
 Use hand tools to cut and removal asbestos.
 Avoid electrical drills and saws
 Place waste asbestos and disposable clothes in sealed double plastic bags
or inside drums.

Sand blasting
 Prepare an HIP and obtain loss prevention and industrial hygiene review
and concurrence.
 Sand blasting workers shall have chest X-Ray and pulmonary function test
and attach with the HIP.
 Work permit shall be obtained.
 Hearing protection shall be worn by sand blasters.
 Each abrasive blast cleaning operator shall have breathing air hood.
 Air compressor shall meat,
Pressure relief valve,
Periodic carbon mono oxide monitor and alarm,
High temperature alarm,
Oxygen 19.5/23.5 percent.
 Each incidental worker shall wear cartridge style respirator.
 Paper masks are not allowed.
 Bond all sand blasting components with the compressor and compressor with
the permanent ground.
 Barricade, warning sign shall surround the area.
 Sand blasting wand shall have dead man switch.
 Sand blaster and the workers assigned to dispose blasted sand shall wear
disposable clothes.

Drivers responsibilities

 Inspect the vehicle to verify its condition.

 Report any accident or damage to management immediately.
 Obey traffic rules and post speed limits.
 Open truck beds shall not be used to transport passengers.

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 Seat belts shall be worn by drivers and all passengers in cars, trucks and
other vehicles as required.
 The drivers shall not allow the passengers to ride in the vehicle unless they
fasten their seat belts.
 Except busses where seat belt is mandated only for the drivers.

Man basket
 Man basket must be inspected and shall have inspection sticker by crane
inspection department.
 It shall have sticker showing maximum number of employees and safe load
capacity of the basket.
 Before using it shall be hoisted above the ground to check that it is well
planked and secured.
 Lifting and lowering speed shall not exceed 30meters per minute.
 Workers shall not to enter or exit during lifting or lowering and keep their
body inside the man basket.
 Good communication between the hoisted person and crane operator or
signal man.
 Area shall be barricaded.
 Man basket lift shall not be operated at wind speed 25 kilometers.

EXCAVATION
It is digging the land by machine or man.
 A qualified person shall design the excavation knowing underground utilities
(pipe lines of water, oil and cables of electric).
 Digging supervisor shall obtain the proper drawing of the area to be
excavated.
 Work permit.
 Area shall be barricaded and warning signs shall be posted.
 He shall provide a safe mean of entry or egress at every 25 feet at the
angle75degree and ladder shall be 3 feet high from the ground.
 He shall check that proper shoring, sloping or benching is done when depth
increases more than 1.8meters.
 For lose sand C 34
 Clay, sand and stone B 45
 Clay, cohesive and stone A 53
 Stable rock 90
 Shoring trench boxes shall be design by a competent person.
 Ground loading from structure, vibration, weather and overlay shall be
considered in the shoring design.
 Keep shoring trench boxes unoccupied during installation and traveling.
 Brace against the movement.

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 Extend trench shield box to the ground.
 All excavated soil shall be at least 2feet away from the edge of excavation.
 Crane shall be more than the depth of excavation.
 Barricading shall be 1.5mtrs away from the edge of excavation.
 Mechanical equipment shall be 2.0mtrs away from excavation.
 Emergency equipment as full body harness, life line, respiratory system shall
be available.
Underground utilities: shall have 6inches sand, warning tape,
net(mesh) and after buried mc 1and cathodic protection.

Responsibilities of safety officer/supervisor

 Establish and communicate safety rules and standards to all employs and
contractors.
 Collect observation reports daily and raise them in the safety meeting with
contractor.
 Coordinate with safety manager to implement safety procedure.
 Ensure that sub-contractors are following up the clients work permit
procedure.
 Inspect the workers, tools and equipment at the job site to ensure that proper
safety procedure is as per the client’s requirement.
 Conduct safety meetings with subcontractor.
 Investigate injuries, spills and other incidents and promptly provide
corrective actions.
 Assist the manager to organize weekly site inspection tour and safety
meeting.
 Assist the manager in clerical works.
 Keep the record of all safety meetings, reports findings, accident and heavy
equipment accidents and fires.
 Interact with company representative on health and safety issues.

H2S (HYDROGEN SULPHIDE)

 Colorless gas and highly flammable and transparent.
 It is heavier than other gasses.
 Never try to detect H2S by breathing.
 Its fire is colorless.
 On hearing an H2S alarm personal shall immediately leave the area.
 Walk against wind direction.
 It should be less than 10PPM in the air.
 SCBA or air line respiratory system require where it is 100PPM in the air.
 Personal shall not be allowed to enter.
 Its smell is like rotten eggs.

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 Hazards: eye irritation, pulmonary function disturbs dizziness,
unconsciousness and death.
 When above 10PPM H2S is detected, warning sings shall be establish and
immediately leave the area.
 Walk against the wind direction.

Half face and full face mask respiratory purifying equipment

require:
 Sanitary and clean conditions all the time.
 Users medically fit,
 Trained users.
 Users fit tested for proper seal of face to rubber to keep out contamination,
no hair interferes.
 Oxygen 19.5/23.5.
 Choose specific filter cartridge for the identified hazard.
 No substitutes are allowed.
 Common filter cartridges are: Asbestos fiber and airborne, sand blast dust
cartridge for blasted sand that blows over incidental area, radio nuclides,
chemical fumes and mists metal fumes and metal dust cartridges.
 Paper or dust masks are only allowed for dust storm or pollen.

Supply air line respirators

are used for specific hazardous operations,
 They shall be tested for grade D breathing air standard.
 Air source shall deliver 6 SCFM continuous for each man.
 Example: sand blasting air hood, spray painting, power sanding and
welding.

COMPRESSORS
supplying air line respirator shall be tested for grade D air quality.
 Have filters in the delivery air hose to continually remove moisture, oil and
other particulates.
 Have carbon monoxide (co) monitor and alarm between the oil lubricated
compressor and respirator air intake.
 Have 100F (38centigrade) high temperature alarm on the air intake of air
hood.
 Have 140F (60centigrade) high temperature alarm on the air intake of air
line respirator.
 Have minimum air flow 6 SCFM without vortex tube and 25 SCFM with
vortex tube.

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SCBA: users shall be medically fit. It is use for entry and work in hazardous
atmospheres. As
 Confined space entry.
 Fire fighting.
 Rescue and escape from hazardous atmosphere.
 Testing of gasses but toxic

CARTRIDGE OPERATED TOOLS:

These devices normally use a 0.25 or0.27 caliber cartridge as the driving
force for fastener. Therefore they shall be treated like a fire arm. User shall be
qualified and certified. Certificate shall be obtained by an authorized vendor. Work
permit for restricted areas. Safety glasses and face shield shall be use by operators.
Hearing protection shall be worn. Ares shall be barricaded and warning signs
should be erected. Area shall be clean from unauthorized persons.

HOT TAPPING:
Hot work permit with design and drawing review. No wilding on pressurized
lines with zero flow rates. Hot tap machine shall be rated greater than the maximum
operating pressure of the line. No welding on lines containing greater than 19.5
percent oxygen.

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