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*1:ãã£ãµãªã³ã»ãã¹ä»ãèªæ¸ã¨èªè ãèªæ¸ã峿¸é¤¨ãã³ãã¥ããã£ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®ç ç©¶ææãï¼äº¬é½å¤§å¦å³æ¸é¤¨æ å ±å¦ç ç©¶ä¼ã2009.12ï¼
*2:峿¸é¤¨ã¨æ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®é¢ä¿ã«ã¤ãã¦è¿°ã¹ãæåã®æç®ã¯ãã·ããã¼ã»H.ãã£ãã£ãªã³ãæ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©ã¨å³æ¸é¤¨ãï¼æ¥æ¬å³æ¸é¤¨ç ç©¶ä¼ã1994ï¼ã§ããåèã¯ãArsenals of a Democratic Culture, Chicago: American Library Associationãï¼Ditzion, S. H. 1947ï¼ãç´è¨³ããã¨ãæ°ä¸»çæåã®æ¦å¨åº«ãã§ããããã峿¸é¤¨ã¨æ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©ã®é¢ä¿ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¾ã¨ããæè¿ã®æç®ã§ã¯ãLibraries & democracy: the Cornerstones of liberty. American Library Associationãï¼Kranich, N. C. 2001ï¼ãããã¾ãã
*3:1950年代ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡å½ã§çºçããåå ±ç£ä¸»ç¾©ã«åºã¥ã社ä¼éåãæ¿æ²»çéåãWikipediaããã
*4:æ´å²ä¿®æ£ä¸»ç¾©ï¼ããããã ããããã ããè±: Historical revisionismãç¬: Geschichtsrevisionismusãä»: Révisionnismeï¼ãåã«ä¿®æ£ä¸»ç¾©ã¨ãããããããã§ã¯ææ§ãåé¿ã®ããã«æ´å²ä¿®æ£ä¸»ç¾©ã¨ãããWikipediaããã
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*6:The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Traditionï¼Princeton University Press, 1975ï¼
*7:Pocock, J. G. A. ï¼1975ï¼. The Machiavellian moment: Florentine political thought and the Atlantic republican tradition. Princeton University Press.
*8:ã¤ã³ã°ã©ã³ãã®å¤å ¸çå ±å主義ï¼classical republicanismï¼ææ³ã®æ¿æ²»å²å¦è ãWikipediaããã
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*10:èªæ¸ç¿ï¼æ´å²å¦ã§ã¯æ¬¡ã®2ã¤ãæåã§ãã
ã»Bailyn, B. ï¼1967ï¼. The ideological origins of the American Revolution. Harvard University Press.
ã»Wood, G. S. ï¼1969ï¼. The creation of the American republic, 1776-1787. UNC Press Books.
*11:èªæ¸ç¿ï¼ãã¨ãã°ãã¸ã§ã¼ã ãºã»ã¹ãã¦ã£ããã¼ãã¿ããªã®æè¦ã¯æ¡å¤æ£ãããï¼è§å·æåº«ã2009ï¼ãä»ã«ãããã«ãã»ã¦ã£ãããã³ï¼Wittman, D. A.ï¼ã ãThe myth of democratic failure: Why political institutions are efficient. University of Chicago pressãï¼1995ï¼ã§ç¤ºããã鏿å¸å ´ãã®ã¢ã¤ãã¢ãããã¾ããæ¿çã«ã¤ãã¦ããç¥ããªãä¸è¬å¸æ°ãééã£ãæç¥¨ï¼æ¬å½ã¯èªåã®å©çã«ãªããªãåè£è ãæ¿å ã¸ã®æç¥¨ï¼ãè¡ãã¨ãã¦ãããã®ãééãããæ£è¦åå¸ã®å½¢ãã¨ã£ã¦ãããªãã°ãééããã¯ç¸äºã«æã¡æ¶ããã£ã¦ãçµæã¨ãã¦é©åãªæç¥¨çµæãããããããããããªãããã¨ãããããéè¨ã®å¥è·¡ãã¨ãããã§ããããã©ã¤ã¢ã³ã»ã«ãã©ã³ã¯ã鏿ã®çµæ¸å¦ï¼æç¥¨è ã¯ãªãæçãé¸ã¶ã®ããï¼æ¥çµBPã2009ï¼ã§ããéè¨ã®å¥è·¡ããåæã¨ãããç¡ç¥ãªæç¥¨è ã¯ã©ã³ãã ã«æ¯èãããå´©ãã¨ãããã詳細ãªåè«ãå ãã¦ãã¾ãã
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*13:å»å¸«ãæ¯ç§å»å¸«ã®æç¤ºã®ä¸ã«æ¥åãè¡ãå»çå¾äºè ãæããWikipediaããã
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*15:èªæ¸ç¿ï¼ä»ã«NYPLã§è³æãããã£ã¦ããçºæå®¶ã«ã¯ãã©ãã¤ã社ã®åµæ¥è ã¨ãã¦ã£ã³ã»ãã¼ãã¼ãã»ã©ã³ãããã¾ããå½¼ã¯å³æ¸é¤¨ã§åå ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®ç¥èãå¾ã¦ãå®ä¾¡ã«è£½é ã§ããåå ãã£ã«ã¿ã¼ãçºæãããã«ããã©ãã¤ããã¨åä»ããèµ·æ¥ã®5å¹´å¾ã社åãããã©ãã¤ãã社ã«å¤æ´ãã¾ãã
*16:ç¥ç権å¨ãã¨ãªã¼ã主義ã«å¯¾ãã¦æççãªç«å ´ãã¨ãä¸»ç¾©ã»ææ³ãWikipediaããã
*17:ããªã¹ãæç¨èªã¨ãã¦ã®ãªãã¤ãã«ï¼è±: revivalï¼ã¯ãæ¬èãªä¿¡ä»°è ã®æ¥éãªå¢å ãä¼´ãä¿¡ä»°éåãæããWikipediaããã
*18:Communication: Proceedings of the First Conference on Intellectual Freedom, New York City, June 28-29, 1952, ed. William Dix and Paul Bixler, ï¼Chicago: American Library Association, 1954ï¼, p.39
*19:ãã®çºè¨ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«è°ä¼å³æ¸é¤¨ã®the Chief Assistant Librarianã ã£ãVerner Clappã®ãã®ã
*20:About The New York Public Library
*21:èªæ¸ç¿ï¼ã峿¸é¤¨ããå©ç¨è ã¸ã®åããããã«å¯¾ãã¦ãéæ¹åã®ãå©ç¨è ãã峿¸é¤¨ã¸ã®å½±é¿ãã¯ãç ç©¶ãã¼ãã¨ãã¦åãä¸ããããã®ãé ãã¾ããã峿¸é¤¨å¦ã¯ãå°éè·ã¨ãã¦å³æ¸é¤¨å¡ã®ããã®å¦åã§ã峿¸é¤¨ã®çæ³ã¨å®è·µï¼ä½ãå®ç¾ãã¹ãããããã«ã¯ã©ãããã°ãããï¼ããã£ã±ãåãçµãã§ãããã¨ã峿¸é¤¨å²ã§ã峿¸é¤¨å´ã®è³æã¯ãããããã£ã¦ãå©ç¨è å´ã®è³æãããã¾ã§éæããã¦ããªãã£ããã¨ãªã©ãèæ¯ã«ããã®ããããã¾ããã峿¸é¤¨ã¨å©ç¨è ã®ç¸äºä½ç¨ãåãä¸ããã第4ä¸ä»£ã®å³æ¸é¤¨å²ã«ããã¢ã¡ãªã«å³æ¸é¤¨ã®éå²ã«ã¦ã£ã¼ã¬ã³ããçæ´»ã®ä¸ã®å³æ¸é¤¨ï¼æ°è¡ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«å ¬ç«å³æ¸é¤¨å²ãï¼ äº¬é½å³æ¸é¤¨æ å ±å¦ç ç©¶ä¼ã2017ï¼ãããã¾ãã
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*23:èªæ¸ç¿ï¼ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å³æ¸é¤¨ãå ¬çæ©é¢ã§ã¯è¿å¹´ãpeople experiencing homelessï¼ãã¼ã ã¬ã¹ãçµé¨ãã¦ãã人ã ï¼ããç¨ãããã¦ããããã§ããã¨ããã®ããå¤ãã®äººããçæéã ããã¼ã ã¬ã¹ï¼å®¶ã®ãªãç¶æ ï¼ã§çæ´»ããããã®å¾ã¯å ã®çæ´»ã«æ»ãã®ã§ã
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*25:èªæ¸ç¿ï¼NARAï¼ã®åæ±è§ã®ãæªæ¥ãã®åã®å°åº§ï¼ã«ããéæã¯ã»ãã¨ã¯"What is past is prologue"ãç´è¨³ããã¨ãéå»ã¯ãããã¼ã°ã§ããããå ã¯ã·ã§ã¤ã¯ã¹ãã¢ããã³ãã¹ãã第2å¹ç¬¬1å ´ã®ã¢ã³ãããªã®å°è©ã§ãã
*26:http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk
*27:http://republicofletters.stanford.edu
*28:15ä¸ç´ã¤ã¿ãªã¢ã®äººæä¸»ç¾©è ã§ããããã³ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ãã£ãã¹ã®å¯é²ç¶ãã彿¸ã¨ææãããã´ã¡ã©ã¨ã表è¨ããããæ£ããã¤ã¿ãªã¢èªã¯ã´ã¡ãã©ãWikipediaããã
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*35:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croton_Distributing_Reservoir
*36:Pub Medï¼ããã¡ãï¼ã¯çå½ç§å¦ãçç©å»å¦ã«é¢ããåèæç®ãè¦ç´ãæ²è¼ããMEDLINEãªã©ã¸ã®ç¡ææ¤ç´¢ã¨ã³ã¸ã³ã§ãããWikipediaããã
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*39:
â The Woman's Club of Maplewood --- A Century of Service
In 1890, clubwomen from across the country established the General Federation of Women's Clubs ï¼GFWCï¼, bringing together 200 clubs representing 20,000 members. By 1910, the membership roster had soared to nearly 1 million women.
â Wood, Mary I.; Pennybacker, Percy V. ï¼November 1914ï¼. "Civic Activities of Women's Clubs". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 56: 78~87.
p.79~80ï¼In the meantime, while individuals and individual clubs were learning their duty to their community life, the General Federation of Womenâs Clubs was growing to great dimensions until, today, a rough although not exaggerated estimate of the membership, direct, indirect and allied, places the number of women in that organization well beyond a million and a half.
*40:èªæ¸ç¿ï¼ã¡ãªã¿ã«ãå ´ã¨ãã¦ã®å³æ¸é¤¨ãï¼library as placeï¼ç ç©¶ã¯ã1990年代以éã¢ã¡ãªã«ãä¸å¿ã«å§ã¾ãã¾ãããããã«ã¯æ å ±æè¡ã®é²æ©ã峿¸é¤¨ãç¡ç¨ã«ããï¼ãã¸ã¿ã«ã»ã©ã¤ãã©ãªã¼ã«åã£ã¦ä»£ããããï¼ã¨ããç«è«ã¸ã®æµæã¨ããèæ¯ãããã¾ãããã¡ãããå ´æãã«ã¤ãã¦ã®æç´¢ã¯å¤ãã1970年代ã®ã«ããã®å°çå¦è ã¨ãã¯ã¼ãã»ã¬ã«ããããã©ã³ã¹ã®å²å¦è ã¢ã³ãªã»ã«ãã§ã¼ãã«ããã·ã§ã«ã»ãã¼ã³ã¼ããå éãã¤ãã¦ãã¾ããä¸ã§ããã¼ã³ã¼ã¯ã峿¸é¤¨ããã¨ããããï¼æ··å¨é·ï¼ãã§ããã¨ããã¾ããåä¸ã®ç¾å®ã®å ´æã«ããã¤ãã®ç©ºéã¼ãããèªä½ã«ããã¦ã¯ç¸å®¹ããªãããã¤ãã®å ´ã¼ã並åããããã¨ãã§ãããç¹å¥ãªå ´æã§ããã¨ãææãã¦ãã¾ãï¼ãã·ã§ã«ã»ãã¼ã³ã¼ãä»è ã®å ´æ - æ··å¨é·ã«ã¤ãã¦ãå·¥è¤æè¨³ããã·ã§ã«ã»ãã¼ã³ã¼æèéæï¼¸ï¼1984-88å«çï¼éå¾³ï¼åèãçæ©æ¸æ¿ã2002ï¼
*41:ã¢ã¡ãªã«å³æ¸é¤¨åä¼ ï¼en:American Library Association, ALAï¼ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡å½ã«æ¬æ ãããã峿¸é¤¨ã¨å³æ¸é¤¨æè²ãå½éçã«æ¯èããå£ä½ã§ãããæ§æå¡ã¯64,600åãæ°ããä¸çæå¤ã«ãã¦æå¤§ã®å³æ¸é¤¨åä¼ã§ãããWikipediaããã
*42:Teva Scheer, "The 'Praxis' Side of the Equation: Club Women and American Public Administration," Administrative Theory & Praxis, vol. 24, no 3 ï¼2002ï¼, pg. 525.
*43:æ¥æ¬åé²å顿³ï¼ã«ã»ããã£ããã¶ãããã»ããNippon Decimal Classificationï¼NDCï¼ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®å³æ¸é¤¨ã§åºã使ããã¦ãã峿¸å顿³ã§ãããWikipediaããã
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