Python 3.14.0 beta 2 is here!

Here’s the second 3.14 beta.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140b2/

This is a beta preview of Python 3.14

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0b2, is the second of four planned beta releases.

Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their projects to support the new feature release.

We strongly encourage maintainers of third-party Python projects to test with 3.14 during the beta phase and report issues found to the Python bug tracker as soon as possible. While the release is planned to be feature-complete entering the beta phase, it is possible that features may be modified or, in rare cases, deleted up until the start of the release candidate phase (Tuesday 2025-07-22). Our goal is to have no ABI changes after beta 4 and as few code changes as possible after the first release candidate. To achieve that, it will be extremely important to get as much exposure for 3.14 as possible during the beta phase.

This includes creating pre-release wheels for 3.14, as it helps other projects to do their own testing. However, we recommend that your regular production releases wait until 3.14.0rc1, to avoid the risk of ABI breaks.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Some of the major new features and changes in Python 3.14 are:

New features

• PEP 649: The evaluation of type annotations is now deferred, improving the semantics of using annotations.
• PEP 750: Template string literals (t-strings) for custom string processing, using the familiar syntax of f-strings.
• PEP 784: A new module compression.zstd providing support for the Zstandard compression algorithm.
• PEP 758: except and except* expressions may now omit the brackets.
• Syntax highlighting in PyREPL, and support for color in unittest, argparse, json and calendar CLIs.
• PEP 768: A zero-overhead external debugger interface for CPython.
• UUID versions 6-8 are now supported by the uuid module, and generation of versions 3-5 and 8 are up to 40% faster.
• PEP 765: Disallow return/break/continue that exit a finally block.
• PEP 741: An improved C API for configuring Python.
• A new type of interpreter. For certain newer compilers, this interpreter provides significantly better performance. Opt-in for now, requires building from source.
• Improved error messages.
• Builtin implementation of HMAC with formally verified code from the HACL* project.
• A new command-line interface to inspect running Python processes using asynchronous tasks.
• The pdb module now supports remote attaching to a running Python process.

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.14, see What’s new in Python 3.14. The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0b3, scheduled for 2025-06-17.

Build changes

• PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
• Official macOS and Windows release binaries include an experimental JIT compiler.

Incompatible changes, removals and new deprecations

• Incompatible changes
• Python removals and deprecations
• C API removals and deprecations
• Overview of all pending deprecations

Python install manager

The installer we offer for Windows is being replaced by our new install manager, which can be installed from the Windows Store or our FTP page. See our documentation for more information. The JSON file available for download below contains the list of all the installable packages available as part of this release, including file URLs and hashes, but is not required to install the latest release. The traditional installer will remain available throughout the 3.14 and 3.15 releases.

More resources

• Online documentation
• PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
• Report bugs at github.com/python/cpython/issues
• Help fund Python and its community

And now for something completely different

In 1897, the State of Indiana almost passed a bill defining π as 3.2.

Of course, it’s not that simple.

Edwin J. Goodwin, M.D., claimed to have come up with a solution to an ancient geometrical problem called squaring the circle, first proposed in Greek mathematics. It involves trying to draw a circle and a square with the same area, using only a compass and a straight edge. It turns out to be impossible because Ï€ is transcendental (and this had been proved just 13 years earlier by Ferdinand von Lindemann), but Goodwin fudged things so the value of Ï€ was 3.2 (his writings have included at least nine different values of Ï€: including 4, 3.236, 3.232, 3.2325… and even 9.2376…).

Goodwin had copyrighted his proof and offered it to the State of Indiana to use in their educational textbooks without paying royalties, provided they endorsed it. And so Indiana Bill No. 246 was introduced to the House on 18th January 1897. It was not understood and initially referred to the House Committee on Canals, also called the Committee on Swamp Lands. They then referred it to the Committee on Education, who duly recommended on 2nd February that “said bill do pass”. It passed its second reading on the 5th and the education chair moved that they suspend the constitutional rule that required bills to be read on three separate days. This passed 72-0, and the bill itself passed 67-0.

The bill was referred to the Senate on 10th February, had its first reading on the 11th, and was referred to the Committee on Temperance, whose chair on the 12th recommended “that said bill do pass”.

A mathematics professor, Clarence Abiathar Waldo, happened to be in the State Capitol on the day the House passed the bill and walked in during the debate to hear an ex-teacher argue:

The case is perfectly simple. If we pass this bill which establishes a new and correct value for pi , the author offers to our state without cost the use of his discovery and its free publication in our school text books, while everyone else must pay him a royalty.

Waldo ensured the senators were “properly coached”; and on the 12th, during the second reading, after an unsuccessful attempt to amend the bill it was postponed indefinitely. But not before the senators had some fun.

The Indiana News reported on the 13th:

…the bill was brought up and made fun of. The Senators made bad puns about it, ridiculed it and laughed over it. The fun lasted half an hour. Senator Hubbell said that it was not meet for the Senate, which was costing the State $250 a day, to waste its time in such frivolity. He said that in reading the leading newspapers of Chicago and the East, he found that the Indiana State Legislature had laid itself open to ridicule by the action already taken on the bill. He thought consideration of such a proposition was not dignified or worthy of the Senate. He moved the indefinite postponement of the bill, and the motion carried.

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from Helsinki, still light at 10pm,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 beta 1 is here!

Only one day late, welcome to the first beta!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140b1/

This is a beta preview of Python 3.14

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0b1, is the first of four planned beta releases.

Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their projects to support the new feature release.

We strongly encourage maintainers of third-party Python projects to test with 3.14 during the beta phase and report issues found to the Python bug tracker as soon as possible. While the release is planned to be feature-complete entering the beta phase, it is possible that features may be modified or, in rare cases, deleted up until the start of the release candidate phase (Tuesday 2025-07-22). Our goal is to have no ABI changes after beta 4 and as few code changes as possible after the first release candidate. To achieve that, it will be extremely important to get as much exposure for 3.14 as possible during the beta phase.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Some of the major new features and changes in Python 3.14 are:

New features

• PEP 649: The evaluation of type annotations is now deferred, improving the semantics of using annotations.
• PEP 750: Template string literals (t-strings) for custom string processing, using the familiar syntax of f-strings.
• PEP 784: A new module compression.zstd providing support for the Zstandard compression algorithm.
• PEP 758: except and except* expressions may now omit the brackets.
• Syntax highlighting in PyREPL, and support for color in unittest, argparse, json and calendar CLIs.
• PEP 768: A zero-overhead external debugger interface for CPython.
• UUID versions 6-8 are now supported by the uuid module, and generation of versions 3-5 and 8 are up to 40% faster.
• PEP 765: Disallow return/break/continue that exit a finally block.
• PEP 741: An improved C API for configuring Python.
• A new type of interpreter. For certain newer compilers, this interpreter provides significantly better performance. Opt-in for now, requires building from source.
• Improved error messages.
• Builtin implementation of HMAC with formally verified code from the HACL* project.

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.14, see What’s new in Python 3.14. The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0b2, scheduled for 2025-05-27.

Build changes

• PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
• Official macOS and Windows release binaries include an experimental JIT compiler.

Incompatible changes, removals and new deprecations

• Incompatible changes
• Python removals and deprecations
• C API removals and deprecations
• Overview of all pending deprecations

Python install manager

The installer we offer for Windows is being replaced by our new install manager, which can be installed from the Windows Store or our FTP page. See our documentation for more information. The JSON file available for download contains the list of all the installable packages available as part of this release, including file URLs and hashes, but is not required to install the latest release. The traditional installer will remain available throughout the 3.14 and 3.15 releases.

More resources

• Online documentation
• PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
• Report bugs at github.com/python/cpython/issues
• Help fund Python and its community

Note

During the release process, we discovered a test that only failed when run sequentially and only when run after a certain number of other tests. This appears to be a problem with the test itself, and we will make it more robust for beta 2. For details, see python/cpython#133532.

And now for something completely different

The mathematical constant pi is represented by the Greek letter Ï€ and represents the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. The first person to use Ï€ as a symbol for this ratio was Welsh self-taught mathematician William Jones in 1706. He was a farmer’s son born in Llanfihangel Tre’r Beirdd on Angelsy (Ynys Môn) in 1675 and only received a basic education at a local charity school. However, the owner of his parents’ farm noticed his mathematical ability and arranged for him to move to London to work in a bank.

By age 20, he served at sea in the Royal Navy, teaching sailors mathematics and helping with the ship’s navigation. On return to London seven years later, he became a maths teacher in coffee houses and a private tutor. In 1706, Jones published Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos which used the symbol Ï€ for the ratio of a circle’s circumference to diameter (hunt for it on pages 243 and 263 or here). Jones was also the first person to realise Ï€ is an irrational number, meaning it can be written as decimal number that goes on forever, but cannot be written as a fraction of two integers.

But why Ï€? It’s thought Jones used the Greek letter Ï€ because it’s the first letter in perimetron or perimeter. Jones was the first to use Ï€ as our familiar ratio but wasn’t the first to use it in as part of the ratio. William Oughtred, in his 1631 Clavis Mathematicae (The Key of Mathematics), used Ï€/δ to represent what we now call pi. His Ï€ was the circumference, not the ratio of circumference to diameter. James Gregory, in his 1668 Geometriae Pars Universalis (The Universal Part of Geometry) used Ï€/ρ instead, where ρ is the radius, making the ratio 6.28… or Ï„. After Jones, Leonhard Euler had used Ï€ for 6.28…, and also p for 3.14…, before settling on and popularising Ï€ for the famous ratio.

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from Helsinki as the leaves begin to appear on the trees,

Your release team,

Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0a7, 3.13.3, 3.12.10, 3.11.12, 3.10.17 and 3.9.22 are now available

Not one, not two, not three, not four, not five, but six releases! Is this the most in a single day?

3.12-3.14 were regularly scheduled, and we had some security fixes to release in 3.9-3.11 so let’s make a big day of it. This also marks the last bugfix release of 3.12 as it enters the security-only phase. See devguide.python.org/versions/ for a chart.

Python 3.14.0a7

Here comes the final alpha! This means we have just four weeks until the first beta to get those last features into 3.14 before the feature freeze on 2025-05-06!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a7/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a7, is the last of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

• PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
• PEP 741: Python configuration C API
• PEP 758: Allow except and except* expressions without parentheses
• PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
• PEP 765: disallow return/break/continue that exit a finally block
• PEP 768: Safe external debugger interface for CPython
• A new type of interpreter. For certain newer compilers, this interpreter provides significantly better performance. Opt-in for now, requires building from source.
• UUID versions 6-8 are now supported by the uuid module, and generation of versions 3-5 and 8 are up to 40% faster.
• Improved error messages
• Python removals and deprecations
• C API removals and deprecations
• (Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be the first beta, 3.14.0b1, currently scheduled for 2025-05-06. After this, no new features can be added but bug fixes and docs improvements are allowed – and encouraged!

Python 3.13.3

This is the third maintenance release of Python 3.13.

Python 3.13 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations compared to Python 3.12. 3.13.3 is the latest maintenance release, containing almost 320 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.13.2.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3133/

Python 3.12.10

This is the tenth maintenance release of Python 3.12.

Python 3.12.10 is the latest maintenance release of Python 3.12, and the last full maintenance release. Subsequent releases of 3.12 will be security-fixes only. This last maintenance release contains about 230 bug fixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.9.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-31210/

Python 3.11.12

This is a security release of Python 3.11:

• gh-106883: Fix deadlock in threaded application when using sys._current_frames
• gh-131809: Upgrade vendored expat to 2.7.1
• gh-80222: Folding of quoted string in display_name violates RFC
• gh-121284: Invalid RFC 2047 address header after refolding with email.policy.default
• gh-131261: Update libexpat to 2.7.0
• gh-105704: [CVE-2025-0938] urlparse does not flag hostname containing [ or ] as incorrect
• gh-119511: OOM vulnerability in the imaplib module

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-31112/

Python 3.10.17

This is a security release of Python 3.10:

• gh-131809: Upgrade vendored expat to 2.7.1
• gh-80222: Folding of quoted string in display_name violates RFC
• gh-121284: Invalid RFC 2047 address header after refolding with email.policy.default
• gh-131261: Update libexpat to 2.7.0
• gh-105704: CVE-2025-0938 urlparse does not flag hostname containing [ or ] as incorrect
• gh-119511: OOM vulnerability in the imaplib module

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-31017/

Python 3.9.22

This is a security release of Python 3.9:

• gh-131809 and gh-131261: Upgrade vendored expat to 2.7.1
• gh-121284: Invalid RFC 2047 address header after refolding with email.policy.default
• gh-105704: CVE-2025-0938 urlparse does not flag hostname containing [ or ] as incorrect
• gh-119511: OOM vulnerability in the imaplib module

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3922/

Please upgrade! Please test!

We highly recommend upgrading 3.9-3.13 and we encourage you to test 3.14.

And now for something completely different

On Saturday, 5th April, 3.141592653589793 months of the year had elapsed.

Enjoy the new releases

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a sunny and cold Helsinki springtime,

Your full release team,

Hugo van Kemenade
Thomas Wouters
Pablo Galindo Salgado
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.14.0 alpha 6 is out

Here comes the penultimate alpha.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a6/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a6, is the sixth of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

• PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
• PEP 741: Python configuration C API
• PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
• Improved error messages
• A new type of interpreter. For certain newer compilers, this interpreter provides significantly better performance. Opt-in for now, requires building from source.
• UUID versions 6-8 are now supported by the uuid module, and generation of versions 3-5 and 8 are up to 40% faster.
• Python removals and deprecations
• C API removals and deprecations
• (Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be the final alpha, 3.14.0a7, currently scheduled for 2025-04-08.

More resources

• Online documentation
• PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
• Report bugs at github.com/python/cpython/issues
• Help fund Python and its community

And now for something completely different

March 14 is celebrated as pi day, because 3.14 is an approximation of Ï€. The day is observed by eating pies (savoury and/or sweet) and celebrating Ï€. The first pi day was organised by physicist and tinkerer Larry Shaw of the San Francisco Exploratorium in 1988. It is also the International Day of Mathematics and Albert Einstein’s birthday. Let’s all eat some pie, recite some Ï€, install and test some py, and wish a happy birthday to Albert, Loren and all the other pi day children!

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from Helsinki as fresh snow falls,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 5 is out

Here comes the antepenultimate alpha.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a5/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a5, is the fifth of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

• PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
• PEP 741: Python configuration C API
• PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
• Improved error messages
• A new type of interpreter. For certain newer compilers, this interpreter provides significantly better performance. Opt-in for now, requires building from source.
• Python removals and deprecations
• C API removals and deprecations
• (Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be the penultimate alpha, 3.14.0a6, currently scheduled for 2025-03-14.

More resources

• Online documentation
• PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
• Report bugs at github.com/python/cpython/issues
• Help fund Python and its community

And now for something completely different

2025-01-29 marked the start of a new lunar year, the Year of the Snake 🐍 (and the Year of Python?).

For centuries, π was often approximated as 3 in China. Some time between the years 1 and 5 CE, astronomer, librarian, mathematician and politician Liu Xin (劉歆) calculated π as 3.154.

Around 130 CE, mathematician, astronomer, and geographer Zhang Heng (張衡, 78–139) compared the celestial circle with the diameter of the earth as 736:232 to get 3.1724. He also came up with a formula for the ratio between a cube and inscribed sphere as 8:5, implying the ratio of a square’s area to an inscribed circle is √8:√5. From this, he calculated Ï€ as √10 (~3.162).

Third century mathematician Liu Hui (刘徽) came up with an algorithm for calculating π iteratively: calculate the area of a polygon inscribed in a circle, then as the number of sides of the polygon is increased, the area becomes closer to that of the circle, from which you can approximate π.

This algorithm is similar to the method used by Archimedes in the 3rd century BCE and Ludolph van Ceulen in the 16th century CE (see 3.14.0a2 release notes), but Archimedes only went up to a 96-sided polygon (96-gon). Liu Hui went up to a 192-gon to approximate π as 157/50 (3.14) and later a 3072-gon for 3.14159.

Liu Hu wrote a commentary on the book The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art which included his π approximations.

In the fifth century, astronomer, inventor, mathematician, politician, and writer Zu Chongzhi (祖沖之, 429–500) used Liu Hui’s algorithm to inscribe a 12,288-gon to compute Ï€ between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, correct to seven decimal places. This was more accurate than Hellenistic calculations and wouldn’t be improved upon for 900 years.

Happy Year of the Snake!

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a remarkably snowless Helsinki,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 4 is out

Hello, three dot fourteen dot zero alpha four!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a4/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a4, is the fourth of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

• PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
• PEP 741: Python configuration C API
• PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
• Improved error messages
• Many removals of deprecated classes, functions, methods and parameters in various standard library modules.
• New deprecations, many of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.16
• C API removals and deprecations
• (Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0a5, currently scheduled for 2025-02-11.

More resources

• Online documentation
• PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
• Report bugs at https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
• Help fund Python and its community

And now for something completely different

In Python, you can use Greek letters as constants. For example:

from math import pi as π

def circumference(radius: float) -> float:
    return 2 * π * radius

print(circumference(6378.137))  # 40075.016685578485

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a slushy, slippery Helsinki,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 3 is out

O Alpha 3, O Alpha 3, how lovely are your branches!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a3/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a3, is the third of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

• PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
• PEP 741: Python configuration C API
• PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
• Improved error messages
• (Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0a4, currently scheduled for 2025-01-14.

More resources

• Online documentation
• PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
• Report bugs at https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
• Help fund Python and its community

And now for something completely different

A mince pie is a small, round covered tart filled with “mincemeat”, usually eaten during the Christmas season – the UK consumes some 800 million each Christmas. Mincemeat is a mixture of things like apple, dried fruits, candied peel and spices, and originally would have contained meat chopped small, but rarely nowadays. They are often served warm with brandy butter.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest mention of Christmas mince pies is by Thomas Dekker, writing in the aftermath of the 1603 London plague, in Newes from Graues-end: Sent to Nobody (1604):

Ten thousand in London swore to feast their neighbors with nothing but plum-porredge, and mince-pyes all Christmas.

Here’s a meaty recipe from Rare and Excellent Receipts, Experienc’d and Taught by Mrs Mary Tillinghast and now Printed for the Use of her Scholars Only (1678):

15. How to make Mince-pies.

To every pound of Meat, take two pound of beef Suet, a pound of Corrants, and a quarter of an Ounce of Cinnamon, one Nutmeg, a little beaten Mace, some beaten Colves, a little Sack & Rose-water, two large Pippins, some Orange and Lemon peel cut very thin, and shred very small, a few beaten Carraway-seeds, if you love them the Juyce of half a Lemon squez’d into this quantity of meat; for Sugar, sweeten it to your relish; then mix all these together and fill your Pie. The best meat for Pies is Neats-Tongues, or a leg of Veal; you may make them of a leg of Mutton if you please; the meat must be parboyl’d if you do not spend it presently; but if it be for present use, you may do it raw, and the Pies will be the better.

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a snowy and slippery Helsinki,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 2 released

Alpha 2? But Alpha 1 only just came out!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a2/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a2 is the second of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

• PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
• PEP 741: Python configuration C API
• PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
• Improved error messages
• (Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0a3, currently scheduled for 2024-12-17.

More resources

• Online documentation
• PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
• Report bugs at https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
• Help fund Python and its community

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a chilly Helsinki with snow on the way,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 1 is now available

It's now time for a new alpha of a new version of Python!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a1/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a1 is the first of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

• PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
• Improved error messages
• (Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0a2, currently scheduled for 2024-11-19.

More resources

• Online documentation
• PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
• Report bugs at https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
• Help fund Python and its community

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organization contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a grey yet colourful Helsinki,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.7.12 and 3.6.15 security updates now available

Python 3.7.12 and 3.6.15,  the lastest security fix rollups for Python 3.7 and Python 3.6, are now available. You can find the release files, links to the changelogs, and more information here:

    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3712/
    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/

  

These releases are source code only; Windows and macOS binary installers are not provided for security fix releases.

Note that Python 3.9 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. You should consider upgrading to 3.9 as soon as practical. Get the latest release of 3.9.x here.

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible!  Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organization contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Python 3.7.10 and 3.6.13 security updates now available

 Python 3.7.10 and 3.6.13,  the lastest security fix rollups for Python 3.7 and Python 3.6, are now available. You can find the release files, links to the changelogs, and more information here:

    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3710/
    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3613/

  

These releases are source code only; Windows and macOS binary installers are not provided for security fix releases.

Note that Python 3.9 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. You should consider upgrading to 3.9 as soon as practical. Get the latest release of 3.9.x here.

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible!  Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organization contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Releasing pip 20.3, featuring new dependency resolver

On behalf of the Python Packaging Authority and the pip team, I am pleased to announce that we have just released pip 20.3, a new version of pip. You can install it by running python -m pip install --upgrade pip.

This is an important and disruptive release -- we explained why in a blog post last year. We've even made a video about it.

Highlights

• DISRUPTION: Switch to the new dependency resolver by default. Watch out for changes in handling editable installs, constraints files, and more: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/user_guide/#changes-to-the-pip-dependency-resolver-in-20-3-2020

• DEPRECATION: Deprecate support for Python 3.5 (to be removed in pip 21.0).

• DEPRECATION: pip freeze will stop filtering the pip, setuptools, distribute and wheel packages from pip freeze output in a future version. To keep the previous behavior, users should use the new --exclude option.

• Substantial improvements in new resolver for performance, output and error messages, avoiding infinite loops, and support for constraints files.

• Support for PEP 600: Future manylinux Platform Tags for Portable Linux Built Distributions.

• Documentation improvements: Resolver migration guide, quickstart guide, and new documentation theme.

• Add support for MacOS Big Sur compatibility tags.

The new resolver is now on by default for Python 3 users. It is significantly stricter and more consistent when it receives incompatible instructions, and reduces support for certain kinds of constraints files, so some workarounds and workflows may break. Please see our guide on how to test and migrate, and how to report issues. You can use the deprecated (old) resolver, using the flag --use-deprecated=legacy-resolver, until we remove it in the pip 21.0 release in January 2021.

You can find more details (including deprecations and removals) in the changelog.

Coming soon: end of Python 2.7 support

We aim to release pip 21.0 in January 2021, per our release cadence. At that time, pip will stop supporting Python 2.7 and will therefore stop supporting Python 2 entirely.

 

When users use pip 20.3 in a Python 2 environment, the old dependency resolver is still the default.

For more info or to contribute:

We run this project as transparently as possible, so you can:

• read and participate in GitHub issues
  
• contribute to our user experience work: sign up to become a member of the UX Studies group (after you join, we'll notify you about future UX surveys and interviews) 
• contact us in the Discourse forum or Zulip chat 
• read our meeting notes

Thank you

Thanks to our contractors on this project: Simply Secure (specifically Georgia Bullen, Bernard Tyers, Nicole Harris, Ngọc Triệu, and Karissa McKelvey), Changeset Consulting (Sumana Harihareswara), Atos (Paul F. Moore), Tzu-ping Chung, Pradyun Gedam, and Ilan Schnell. Thanks also to Ee Durbin at the Python Software Foundation for liaising with the project.

 

This award continues our relationship with Mozilla, which supported Python packaging tools with a Mozilla Open Source Support Award in 2017 for Warehouse. Thank you, Mozilla! (MOSS has a number of types of awards, which are open to different sorts of open source/free software projects. If your project will seek financial support in 2021, do check the MOSS website to see if you qualify.)

This is new funding from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. This project is being made possible in part by a grant from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative DAF, an advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation. Thank you, CZI! (If your free software/open source project is seeking funding and is used by researchers, check the Joint Roadmap for Open Science Tools Rapid Response Fund and consider applying.)

 

The funding for pip's overhaul will end at the end of 2020; if your organization wants to help continue improvements in Python packaging, please join the sponsorship program.

As with all pip releases, a significant amount of the work was contributed by pip's user community. Huge thanks to all who have contributed, whether through code, documentation, issue reports and/or discussion. Your help keeps pip improving, and is hugely appreciated. Thank you to the pip and PyPA maintainers, to the PSF and the Packaging WG, and to all the contributors and volunteers who work on or use Python packaging tools.

 

-Sumana Harihareswara, pip project manager

Python 3.7.9 and 3.6.12 security updates now available

Python 3.7.9 and 3.6.12,  the lastest security fix rollups for Python 3.7 and Python 3.6, are now available. You can find the release files including updated binary installers for 3.7.9, links to the changelogs, and more information here:

    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-379/
    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3612/

  

Note that Python 3.8 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. You should consider upgrading to 3.8 as soon as practical. Get the latest release of 3.8.x here.

Binary installers are normally not provided for security fix releases. However, since 3.7.8 was the last 3.7.x bugfix release and there are security fixes published in 3.7.9 that apply to users of some of the binary installers provided with 3.7.8, we have made an exception and are also updating the Windows and macOS binary installers for 3.7.9.  We do not plan to provide further binary updates for future 3.7.x security releases.

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible!  Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organization contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Upgrade to pip 20.2, plus, changes coming in 20.3

On behalf of the Python Packaging Authority, I am pleased to announce that we have just released pip 20.2, a new version of pip. You can install it by running python -m pip install --upgrade pip.

The highlights for this release are:

- The beta of the next-generation dependency resolver is available -- please test
- Faster installations from wheel files
- Improved handling of wheels containing non-ASCII file contents
- Faster pip list using parallelized network operations
- Installed packages now contain metadata about whether they were directly requested by the user (PEP 376’s REQUESTED file)

The new dependency resolver is off by default because it is in beta and not yet ready for everyday use. The new dependency resolver is significantly stricter and more consistent when it receives incompatible instructions, and reduces support for certain kinds of constraints files, so some workarounds and workflows may break. Please test it with the --use-feature=2020-resolver flag. Please see our guide on how to test and migrate, how to report issues, and context for the change.

Please report bugs through the resolver testing survey.

Thanks to all who tested the alpha of the new resolver in pip 20.1 for feedback that helped us get it to the beta stage.

We are preparing to change the default dependency resolution behavior and make the new resolver the default in pip 20.3 (in October 2020).

This release also partially optimizes pip’s network usage during installation (as part of a Google Summer of Code project by McSinyx). Please test it with pip install --use-feature=2020-resolver --use-feature=fast-deps and report bugs to the issue tracker. This functionality is still experimental and not ready for everyday use.

You can find more details (including deprecations and removals) in the changelog.

As with all pip releases, a significant amount of the work was contributed by pip’s user community. Huge thanks to all who have contributed, whether through code, documentation, issue reports and/or discussion. Your help keeps pip improving, and is hugely appreciated. Specific thanks go to Mozilla (through its Mozilla Open Source Support Awards) and to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative DAF, an advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation, for their funding that enabled substantial work on the new resolver.

Python 3.7.8 and 3.6.11 now available - last 3.7.x bugfix release

Python 3.7.8, the next bugfix release of Python 3.7, is now available. You can find the release files, a link to the changelog, and more information here:

    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-378/

   

Note that Python 3.8 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. After two years of quarterly 3.7.x bugfix releases and with the successful release and adoption of Python 3.8 over the last year, 3.7.8 is expected to be the last bugfix release in the 3.7 series. You should consider upgrading to 3.8 as soon as practical. Get the latest release of 3.8.x here.

Following our release support policy, after 3.7.8 we plan to provide security fixes for 3.7 as needed until mid-year 2023, five years after its initial release. More details are available in PEP 537, the Python 3.7 Release Schedule.

In addition to 3.7.8, the lastest security fix rollup for Python 3.6, 3.6.11, is also now available.  You can download its source release here:
    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3611/

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible!  Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organization contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Pip 20.1 has been released

On behalf of the PyPA, I am pleased to announce that a new version of pip, pip 20.1, has been released.

To install pip 20.1, you can run:

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

The highlights for this release are:

• Significant speedups when building local directories, by changing behavior to perform in-place builds, instead of copying to temporary directories.
• Significant speedups in pip list --outdated, by parallelizing network access. This is the first instance of parallel code within pip's codebase.
• A new pip cache command, which makes it possible to introspect and manage pip's cache directory.
• Better pip freeze for packages installed from direct URLs, enabled by the implementation of PEP 610.

This release also contains an alpha version of pip's next generation resolver. It is off by default because it is unstable and not ready for everyday use. If you're curious about this, please visit this GitHub issue about the resolver, what doesn't work yet, and what kind of testing would help us out. We plan to release a version of pip that includes a beta of the new resolver in May.

The full changelog is available.

As with all pip releases, a significant amount of the work was contributed by pip's user community. Huge thanks to all who have contributed, whether through code, documentation, issue reports and/or discussion. Your help keeps pip improving, and is hugely appreciated.

Thank you to the pip and PyPA maintainers, and to all the contributors and volunteers who work on or use Python packaging tools.

And thank you to Mozilla (through its Mozilla Open Source Support Awards) and to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative DAF, an advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation, for funding enabling work on the new resolver, and thanks to the PSF and the Packaging WG for obtaining and administering that funding.

Python 3.7.7rc1 is now available for testing

Python 3.7.7rc1, the release preview of the next maintenance release of Python 3.7, is now available for testing. Assuming no critical problems are found prior to 2020-02-10, no code changes are planned between this release candidate and the final release. The release candidate is intended to give you the opportunity to test the new security and bug fixes in 3.7.7. While we strive to not introduce any incompatibilities in new maintenance releases, we encourage you to test your projects and report issues found to bugs.python.org as soon as possible. Please keep in mind that, since this is a preview release, its use is not recommended for production environments.

You can find the release files, a link to the changelog, and more information here:

    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-377rc1/

   

Python 3.7.6rc1 and 3.6.10rc1 are now available for testing

Python 3.7.6rc1 and 3.6.10rc1 are now available. 3.7.6rc1 is the release preview of the next maintenance release of Python 3.7;  3.6.10rc1 is the release preview of the next security-fix release of Python 3.6. Assuming no critical problems are found prior to 2019-12-18, no code changes are planned between these release candidates and the final releases. These release candidates are intended to give you the opportunity to test the new security and bug fixes in 3.7.6 and security fixes in 3.6.10. While we strive to not introduce any incompatibilities in new maintenance and security releases, we encourage you to test your projects and report issues found to bugs.python.org as soon as possible. Please keep in mind that these are preview releases and, thus, their use is not recommended for production environments.

You can find the release files, a link to their changelogs, and more information here:

    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-376rc1/

    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3610rc1/

Python 3.7.5 is now available

Python 3.7.5 is now available, the next maintenance release of Python 3.7.  You can find the release files, a link to the changelog, and more information here:

    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-375/

Note that the next feature release of Python 3, Python 3.8.0, is also now available.  Python 3.8 contains many new features and optimizations. You should consider upgrading to it. We plan to continue regular bugfix releases of Python 3.7.x through mid-year 2020 and provide security fixes for it until mid-year 2023.  More details are available in PEP 537, the Python 3.7 Release Schedule (https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0537/).

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible!  Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organization contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Python 3.7.5rc1 is now available for testing

Python 3.7.5rc1 is now available for testing. 3.7.5rc1 is the release preview of the next maintenance release of Python 3.7, the latest feature release of Python. Assuming no critical problems are found prior to 2019-10-14, no code changes are planned between now and the final release. This release candidate is intended to give you the opportunity to test the new security and bug fixes in 3.7.5. We strongly encourage you to test your projects and report issues found to bugs.python.org as soon as possible. Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and, thus, its use is not recommended for production environments.

You can find the release files, a link to the changelog, and more information here:

    https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-375rc1/