Hospital Management System

A Project Report

Submitted By:

Harkhushwinder Singh

In partial fulfilment for the award of the diploma

Of

ENGINNERING

IN

COMPUTER ENGINNERING

At

THAPAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

PATIALA, PUNJAB (INDIA)-147001

NOV 2017
DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled “HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

submitted for the diploma(CSE) is my original work and the project has not formed the basis
for the award of any other degree, diploma, fellowship or any other similar titles.

Signature of the Student

Place: Thapar Polytechnic College,Patiala

Date: 1 –Nov-2017

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is the bona
fide work carried out by Japvir Singh, a student of Diploma(CE) of Thapar Polytechnic
College, Patiala, affiliated to Punjab State Board of Technical Education and Industrial
Training, Chandigarh during the academic year 2017-18, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the diploma in Computer Engineering and that the project has
not formed the basis for the award previously of any other degree, diploma, fellowship or any
other similar title.

Signature of the Guide

Place: Thapar Polytechnic College, Patiala

Date:
ABSTRACT

This is a complete hospital management system developed in Visual Basic and SQL server.
The main objective of the Visual Basic Project on Hospital Management System is to manage
the details of Appointments, Patient, Hospital service, Doctors.

The purpose of the project is to build an application program to reduce the manual work for
managing the Appointments, Nurses, Medicines, Patient. It tracks all the details about the
Patient, Hospitals, and Doctors. Almost all the concepts which are there in hospital are
included in this hospital management system. Modules under this software are appointment,
patient details, treatment details, dosage, creditor’s details, and billing, calculation of bills,
reports and statistics.

All the report of the patients is stored under this software. Advantages are, multiple doctors
and receptionist can use this software. There is no risk of losing data.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my gratitude and respect to all those who have helped me
throughout my whole semester. This would not have been possible without the valuable
guidance of all my course instructors at Thapar Polytechnic college who taught me the basic
concepts of VB.Net and Database (SQL) whose guidance throughout the entire work enabled
me to complete this project successfully.

Harkhushwinder Singh

(2016/388)
CONTENTS
S.NO. TOPICS PAGE NO.

1. Title Page 1

2. Declaration 2

3. Certificate of the Guide 2

4. Abstract 3

5. Acknowledgement 3

6. Table of Contents 4

7. Introduction of Project 5

8. Medical Institution in India 5

9. Definition of Problem 6

10. Drawbacks of Current Manual System 6

11. Establish the need of new system 7

12. Proposed System 7-8

13. Need 8

14. Modules 9

15. Software and Hardware Requirements 10

16. Technology and Tools used 10

17. VB.Net 10

18. SQL 17

19. Tools 19

20. Various Modules 21

Introduction:

Human Body is a very complex and sophisticated structure and comprises of millions of
functions. All these complicated functions have been understood by man him, part-by-part
their research and experiments. As science and technology progressed, medicine became an
integral part of the research. Gradually, medical science became an entirely new branch of
science. As of today, the Health Sector comprises of Medical institutions i.e. Hospitals,
HOSPITALs etc. research and development institutions and medical colleges. Thus the
Health sector aims at providing the best medical facilities to the common man.

Medical Institutions in India

Still being a developing nation India has seen a tremendous growth of the Health sector in the
field of research as well as in the field of development of numerous large and small scale
Hospital institutions still lacking in inter-structure facilities. Government of India has still
aimed at providing medical facilities by establishing hospital. The basic working of various
hospitals in India is still on paper as compared to hospitals in European countries where
computers have been put in to assist the hospital personals their work. The concept of
automation of the administration and management of hospital is now being implemented in
India also, with large hospitals like APPOLO and AIIMS in Delhi, ESCORTS in Chennai,
having automated their existing system.

Our project is based on the above concept i.e. automation of Administration and Management
of Hospital. The project has been developed keeping in-view the following aspects: -
(i) Working environment of the Hospital.
(ii) The thought-process and attitude of Indian people.
(iii) The literacy rate of India.
(iv) The Existing system, being used in the majority of Hospitals.
(v) The availability of Infra-structural facilities likes finance, skilled personals, and working
environment.
DEFINITION OF PROBLEM:

Since HOSPITAL is associated with the lives of common people and their day-to-day
routines so I decided to work on this project.

The manual handling of the record is time consuming and highly prone to error. The purpose
of this project is to automate or make online, the process of day-to-day activities like Room
activities, Admission of New Patient, Discharge of Patient, Assign a Doctor, and finally
compute the bill etc.

I have tried my best to make the complicated process Hospital Management System as simple
as possible using Structured & Modular technique & Menu oriented interface. I have tried to
design the software in such a way that user may not have any difficulty in using this package
& further expansion is possible without much effort. Even though I cannot claim that this
work to be entirely exhaustive, the main purpose of my exercise is perform each Hospital’s
activity in computerized way rather than manually which is time consuming.

I am confident that this software package can be readily used by non-programming personal
avoiding human handled chance of error.

DRAWBACKS OF CURRENT MANUAL - SYSTEM

1. The current manual system has a lot of paper work and it does not deal with old and new

car purchase and sale.

2. To maintain the records of sale and service manually, is a Time-consuming job.

3. With the increase in database, it will become a massive job to maintain the database.

4. Requires large quantities of file cabinets, which are huge and require quite a bit of space

in the office, which can be used for storing records of previous details.

5. The retrieval of records of previously registered patients will be a tedious job.

6. Lack of security for the records, anyone disarrange the records of your system.

7. If someone want to check the details of the available doctors the previous system does

not provide any necessary detail of this type.

ESTABLISH THE NEED OF NEW SYSTEM

1. Problem of Reliability: Current system is not reliable. It seems to vary in quality from

one month to the, next. Sometimes it gives good output, but some times the output is

worst.

2. Problem of Accuracy: There are too many mistakes in reports.

3. Problem of timeliness: In the current system the reports and output produced is mostly

late and in most of the cases it is useless because it is not on time.

4. Problem of Validity: The output and reports mostly contains misleading information. The

customer's information is sometimes not valid.

5. Problem of Economy: The current system is very costly. We have to spend lots of money

to keep the system up and going, but still not get the desired results.

6. Problem of Capacity: The current system is suffering from problem of capacity also. The

staff for organization is very less and the workload is too much. Few peoples cannot

handle all the work.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

l. Employee Details: The new proposed system stores and maintains all the employees
details.

2. Calculations: The new proposed system calculates salary and income tax automatically
and it is very fast and accurate.
3. Registers: There is no need of keeping and maintaining salary and employee register
manually. It remembers each and every record and we can get any report related to
employee and salary at any time.

4. Speed: The new proposed system is very fast with 100% accuracy and saves time.

5. Manpower: The new proposed system needs less manpower. Less people can do the large
work.

6. Efficiency: The new proposed systems complete the work of many salesperson in less
time.

7. Past details: The new proposed system contains the details of every past doctor and
patients for future assistance.

8. Reduces redundancy: The most important benefit of this system is that it reduces the
redundancy of data within the data.

9. Work load: Reduces the work load of the data store by helping in easy updates of the
products and providing them with the necessary details together with financial transactions
management.

10. Easy statements: Month-end and day-end statement easily taken out without getting
headaches on browsing through the day end statements.

NEED:

I have designed the given proposed system in the Vb.Net to automate the process of day to
day activities of Hospital like Room activities, Admission of New Patient, Discharge of
Patient, Assign a Doctor, and finally compute the bill etc., online facilities to the multiple
users etc.

The complete set of rules & procedures related to Hospital’s day to day activities and
generating report is called “HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”. My project gives a
brief idea regarding automated Hospital activities.

The following steps that give the detailed information of the need of proposed system are:
Performance: During past several decades, the hospital management system is supposed to
maintain manual handling of all the hospital daily activities. The manual handling of the
record is time consuming and highly prone to error. To improve the performance of the
hospital management system, the computerized hospital management system is to be
undertaken. The computerized hospital project is fully computerized and user friendly even
that any of the hospital’s members can see the patient’s report and the doctor’s report.

Efficiency: The basic need of the project is efficiency. The project should be efficient so that
whenever a new patient is admitted, and automatically a bed is assigned and also a doctor is
assigned to the patient according to the patient’s disease. And if any patient is getting
discharged, the bed assigned to him/her should automatically free in the computer.

Control: The complete control of the project is under the hands of authorized person who has
the password to access this project and illegal access is not supposed to deal with. All the
control is under the administrator and the other members have the rights to just see the
records not to change any transaction or entry.

Security: Security is the main criteria for the proposed system. Since illegal access may
corrupt the database and it will affect not only the hospital but also it also affects the patient’s
life. So security has to be given in this project.

MODULES
• Admin Login
• Entry Login
• Doctor Login

ADMIN LOGIN
• Can find/delete/save/update customer’s record and doctor’s record
• Can logout
• Can search the customer details, doctor details

ENTRY LOGIN
• Can create/delete/save/update customer’s record and payment information
• Can logout
• Can search the customer details
DOCTOR LOGIN
• Can find/save/update customer’s record and appointment time and date
• Can logout
• Can search the customer details

SOFTWARE & HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

• Processor: Intel core i3 or above

• Processor Speed:1.0GHZ or above
• RAM: 1 GB RAM or above
• Hard Disk: 20 GB hard disk or above

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

• Language: Vb.Net
• Database: Oracle

TECHNOLOGY AND TOOLS USED

The various tools and technology used in this project are:

TECHNOLOGY

VB.NET: Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) is a multi-paradigm, object-oriented programming

language, implemented on the .NET Framework. Microsoft launched VB.NET in 2002 as the
successor to its original Visual Basic language. Although the ".NET" portion of the name was
dropped in 2005, this article uses "Visual Basic [.NET]" to refer to all Visual Basic languages
releases since 2002, in order to distinguish between them and the classic Visual Basic. Along
with Visual C#, it is one of the two main languages targeting the .NET framework.
Microsoft's integrated development environment (IDE) for developing in Visual Basic .NET
language is Visual Studio. Most Visual Studio editions are commercial; the only exceptions
are Visual Studio Express and Visual Studio Community, which are freeware. In addition,
the .NET Framework SDK includes a freeware command-line compiler called
vbc.exe. Mono also includes a command-line VB.NET compiler.
VB.NET uses statements to specify actions. The most common statement is an expression
statement, consisting of an expression to be evaluated, on a single line. As part of that
evaluation, functions or subroutines may be called and variables may be assigned new values.
To modify the normal sequential execution of statements, VB.NET provides several control-
flow statements identified by reserved keywords. Structured programming is supported by
several constructs including two conditional execution constructs (If … Then … Else … End
If and Select Case ... Case ... End Select ) and three iterative execution (loop) constructs
(Do … Loop, For … To, and For Each) . The For … To statement has separate initialisation
and testing sections, both of which must be present. (See examples below.) The For
Each statement steps through each value in a list.
In addition, in Visual Basic .NET:

 There is no unified way of defining blocks of statements. Instead, certain keywords, such
as "If … Then" or "Sub" are interpreted as starters of sub-blocks of code and have
matching termination keywords such as "End If" or "End Sub".
 Statements are terminated either with a colon (":") or with the end of line. Multiple line
statements in Visual Basic .NET are enabled with " _" at the end of each such line. The
need for the underscore continuation character was largely removed in version 10 and
later versions.[2]
 The equals sign ("=") is used in both assigning values to variables and in comparison.
 Round brackets (parentheses) are used with arrays, both to declare them and to get a
value at a given index in one of them. Visual Basic .NET uses round brackets to define
the parameters of subroutines or functions.
 A single quotation mark ('), placed at the beginning of a line or after any number
of space or tab characters at the beginning of a line, or after other code on a line, indicates
that the (remainder of the) line is a comment.

Simple example

The following is a very simple VB.NET program, a version of the classic "Hello world"
example created as a console application:

Module Module1

Sub Main()
' The classic "Hello, World" demonstration program
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!")
End Sub

End Module

It prints "Hello, world!" on a command-line window. Each line serves a specific purpose, as
follows:

Module Module1
This is a module definition. Modules are a division of code, which can contain any kind of
object, like constants or variables, functions or methods, or classes, but can't be instantiated
as objects like classes and cannot inherit from other modules. Modules serve as containers of
code that can be referenced from other parts of a program.
It is common practice for a module and the code file, which contains it, to have the same
name; however, this is not required, as a single code file may contain more than one module
and/or class definition.

Sub Main()

It defines a subroutine called "Main". "Main" is the entry point, where the program begins
execution.

Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!")

This line performs the actual task of writing the output. Console is a system object,
representing a command-line interface (also known as "console") and granting programmatic
access to the operating system's standard streams. The program calls
the Console method Write Line, which causes the string passed to it to be displayed on the
console.
Instead of Console.WriteLine, one could use MsgBox, which prints the message in a dialog
box instead of a command-line window.

Complex example

This piece of code outputs Floyd's Triangle to the console:

Imports System.Console

Module Program

Sub Main()
Dim rows As Integer

' Input validation.

Do Until Integer.TryParse(ReadLine("Enter a value for how many rows to be displayed:
"), rows) AndAlso rows >= 1
WriteLine("Allowed range is 1 and {0}", Integer.MaxValue)
Loop

' Output of Floyd's Triangle

Dim current = 1

For row = 1 To rows

For column = 1 To row
Write("{0,-2} ", current)
current += 1
Next

WriteLine()
Next
End Sub

''' <summary>
''' Shadows Console.ReadLine with a version which takes a prompt string.
''' </summary>
Function ReadLine(Optional prompt As String = Nothing) As String
If prompt IsNot Nothing Then
Write(prompt)
End If

Return Console.ReadLine()
End Function

End Module

Comparison with the classic Visual Basic

Whether Visual Basic .NET should be considered as just another version of Visual Basic or a
completely different language is a topic of debate. There are new additions to support new
features, such as structured exception handling and short-circuited expressions. Also, two
important data-type changes occurred with the move to VB.NET: compared to Visual Basic
6, the Integer data type has been doubled in length from 16 bits to 32 bits, and the Long data
type has been doubled in length from 32 bits to 64 bits. This is true for all versions of
VB.NET. A 16-bit integer in all versions of VB.NET is now known as a Short. Similarly,
the Windows Forms editor is very similar in style and function to the Visual Basic form
editor.
The things that have changed significantly are the semantics—from those of an object-based
programming language running on a deterministic, reference-counted engine based
on COM to a fully object-oriented language backed by the .NET Framework, which consists
of a combination of the Common Language Runtime (a virtual machine using generational
garbage collection and a just-in-time compilation engine) and a far larger class library. The
increased breadth of the latter is also a problem that VB developers have to deal with when
coming to the language, although this is somewhat addressed by the My feature in Visual
Studio 2005.
The changes have altered many underlying assumptions about the "right" thing to do with
respect to performance and maintainability. Some functions and libraries no longer exist;
others are available, but not as efficient as the "native" .NET alternatives. Even if they
compile, most converted Visual Basic 6 applications will require some level of refactoring to
take full advantage of the new language. Documentation is available to cover changes in the
syntax, debugging applications, deployment and terminology.

Comparative examples

The following simple examples compare VB and VB.NET syntax. They assume that the
developer has created a form, placed a button on it and has associated the subroutines
demonstrated in each example with the click event handler of the mentioned button. Each
example creates a "Hello, World" message box after the button on the form is clicked.
Visual Basic 6:

Private Sub Command1_Click()

MsgBox "Hello, World"
End Sub

VB.NET (MsgBox or MessageBox class can be used):

Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

MsgBox("Hello, World")
End Sub

 Both Visual Basic 6 and Visual Basic .NET automatically generate the Sub and End
Sub statements when the corresponding button is double-clicked in design view. Visual
Basic .NET will also generate the necessary Class and End Class statements. The
developer need only add the statement to display the "Hello, World" message box.
 All procedure calls must be made with parentheses in VB.NET, whereas in Visual Basic
6 there were different conventions for functions (parentheses required) and subs (no
parentheses allowed, unless called using the keyword Call).
 The names Command1 and Button1 are not obligatory. However, these are default names
for a command button in Visual Basic 6 and VB.NET respectively.
 In VB.NET, the Handles keyword is used to make the sub Button1_Click a handler for
the Click event of the object Button1. In Visual Basic 6, event handler subs must have a
specific name consisting of the object's name ("Command1"), an underscore ("_"), and
the event's name ("Click", hence "Command1_Click").
 There is a function called MessageBox.Show in the Microsoft.VisualBasic namespace
which can be used (instead of MsgBox) similarly to the corresponding function in Visual
Basic 6. There is a controversy[7] about which function to use as a best practice (not only
restricted to showing message boxes but also regarding other features of
the Microsoft.VisualBasic namespace). Some programmers prefer to do things "the .NET
way", since the Framework classes have more features and are less language-specific.
Others argue that using language-specific features makes code more readable (for
example, using int (C#) or Integer (VB.NET) instead of System.Int32).
 In Visual Basic 2008, the inclusion of ByVal sender as Object, ByVal e as EventArgs has
become optional.
The following example demonstrates a difference between Visual Basic 6 and VB.NET. Both
examples close the active window.
Visual Basic 6:

Sub cmdClose_Click()
Unload Me
End Sub

VB.NET:

Sub btnClose_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles btnClose.Click

Close()
End Sub

The 'cmd' prefix is replaced by the 'btn' prefix, conforming to the new convention previously
mentioned.[which?]
Visual Basic 6 did not provide common operator shortcuts. The following are equivalent:
Visual Basic 6:

Sub Timer1_Timer()
'Reduces Form Height by one pixel per tick
Me.Height = Me.Height - 1
End Sub

VB.NET:

Sub Timer1_Tick(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick

Me.Height -= 1
End Sub

Comparison with C#

C# and Visual Basic .NET are Microsoft's first languages made to program on the .NET
Framework (later adding F# and more and others have also added languages). Though C# and
VB.NET are syntactically different, that is where the differences mostly end. Microsoft
developed both of these languages to be part of the same .NET Framework development
platform. They are both developed, managed, and supported by the same language
development team at Microsoft.[8] They compile to the same intermediate language (IL),
which runs against the same .NET Framework runtime libraries.[9] Although there are some
differences in the programming constructs, their differences are primarily syntactic and,
assuming one avoids the Visual Basic "Compatibility" libraries provided by Microsoft to aid
conversion from Visual Basic 6, almost every command in VB has an equivalent command in
C# and vice versa. Lastly, both languages reference the same Base Classes of the .NET
Framework to extend their functionality. As a result, with few exceptions, a program written
in either language can be run through a simple syntax converter to translate to the other.
There are many open source and commercially available products for this task.

Examples
Hello World!
Windows Form Application

Public Class Form1

Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

MsgBox("Hello world", MsgBoxStyle.Information, "Hello world!") ' Show a message
that says "Hello world!".
End Sub
End Class

Hello world! window

Console Application

Module Module1

Sub Main()
Console.WriteLine("Hello world!") ' Write in the console "Hello world!" and start a
new line.
Console.ReadKey() ' The user must press any key before the application ends.
End Sub
End Module

Windows Form Application

Public Class Form1

Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

CreateObject("Sapi.Spvoice").Speak(TextBox1.Text)
End Sub
End Class

Console Application

Module Module1
Private Voice = CreateObject("Sapi.Spvoice")
Private Text As String

Sub Main()
Console.Write("Enter the text to speak: ") ' Say "Enter the text to speak: "
Text = Console.ReadLine() ' The user must enter the text to speak.
Voice.Speak(Text) ' Speak the text the user has entered.
End Sub
End Module

SQL: SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is used to communicate with a
database.

According to ANSI (American National Standards Institute), it is the standard language for

Relational database management systems. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as

update data on a database, or retrieve data from a database.

Some common relational database management systems that use SQL are: Oracle, Sybase,

Microsoft SQL Server, Access, Ingres, etc. Although most database systems use SQL, most

of them also have their own additional proprietary extensions that are usually only used on

their system.

However, the standard SQL commands such as "Select", "Insert", "Update", "Delete",

“Create”, and "Drop" can be used to accomplish almost everything that one needs to do with

a database. This tutorial will provide you with the instruction on the basics of each of these
commands as well as allow you to put them to practice using the SQL Interpreter.

The related information when placed in an organized form is called database. Database
requires understanding and information and data.

The data is converted into information through the following models :

• Relational model : If data is implemented with array then it is called RDBMS i.e.
Relational model.

• Hierarchical model : If data is implemented with tree then it is called Hierarchical

model.

• Network model : If data is implemented with graphs then it is called network model.

SQL STATEMENTS

The various statements used in database are :

• Data definition language(DDL) : These are used to create, alter, and drop table.

• Data Manipulation language(DML) : These are used to insert, update, delete and
select data in tables.

• Data control language (DCL) : These are used to commit or grant or rollback data.

Some SQL Queries:

To Create table : CREATE TABLE Tablename

Column name1 datatype(size),…….column name n datatype(size));

To Describe table : DESC Tablename

To insert data : insert into tablename values1….values n

Retrieval of data : Select <column name> FROM tablename

To Select data : select * from tablename

To Update data : UPDATE tablename SET columnname = new value where <condition>;

To delete data : delete [from] <tablename> where <condition>

To alter table : ALTER TABLE <table name>

[add<column name> datatype(size)

Modify<column name>Drop<option>

TOOLS :

1 Forms

The container for all the controls that make up the user interface.

2 TextBox

It represents a Windows text box control.

3 Label

It represents a standard Windows label.

4 Button

It represents a Windows button control.

5 ListBox

It represents a Windows control to display a list of items.

6 ComboBox

It represents a Windows combo box control.

7 RadioButton

It enables the user to select a single option from a group of choices when paired with
other RadioButton controls.

8 CheckBox

It represents a Windows CheckBox.

9 PictureBox

It represents a Windows picture box control for displaying an image.

10 ProgressBar

It represents a Windows progress bar control.

11 ScrollBar

It Implements the basic functionality of a scroll bar control.

12 DateTimePicker

It represents a Windows control that allows the user to select a date and a time and to
display the date and time with a specified format.

13 TreeView

It displays a hierarchical collection of labeled items, each represented by a TreeNode.

14 ListView

It represents a Windows list view control, which displays a collection of items that can be

displayed using one of four different views.

VARIOUS MODULES:

Main Login Page:

Admin Login Page:

Main Page to create New Patients and Doctor Credentials:

Main Page for patient Login Details:

Page to enter Patient Details:

Doctor’s Login Page:

Page of Doctor’s details and appointment time: