Basketball

Group3-
Abm11A
Viray,Jazel
Adriano,Denesse
Elaiza
Delpilar,Nicole
Salvador,Lyra
Batallon,Jessica
Javier, Ma. Chaelyn
De Guzman,John
Michael
Villamazo,Reynald
Mamangun,Jimwell
Basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams,
most commonly of five players each, opposing
one another on a rectangular court, compete with
the primary objective of shooting a basketball
(approximately 9.4 inches (24 cm) in diameter)
through the defender's hoop (a basket 18 inches
(46 cm) in diameter mounted 10 feet (3.048 m)
high to a backboard at each end of the court)
while preventing the opposing team from
shooting through their own hoop. A field goal is
worth two points, unless made from behind the
three-point line, when it is worth three. After a
foul, timed play stops and the player fouled or
designated to shoot a technical foul is given one
or more one-point free throws. The team with the
most points at the end of the game wins, but if
regulation play expires with the score tied, an
additional period of play (overtime) is mandated.
Players advance the ball by bouncing it while
walking or running (dribbling) or by passing it
to a teammate, both of which require
considerable skill. On offense, players may use
a variety of shots—the lay-up, the jump shot,
or a dunk; on defense, they may steal the ball
from a dribbler, intercept passes, or block
shots; either offense or defense may collect a
rebound, that is, a missed shot that bounces
from rim or backboard. It is a violation to lift
or drag one's pivot foot without dribbling the
ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both
hands then resume dribbling.
The five players on each side at a time fall into
five playing positions the tallest player is
usually the center, the tallest and strongest is the
power forward, a slightly shorter but more agile player is the small forward, and the shortest players
or the best ball handlers are the shooting guard and the point guard, who implements the coach's
game plan by managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays (player positioning).
Informally, players may play three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one.

History
In early December 1891, Canadian James Naismith,] a physical education professor and instructor at
the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School (YMCA) (today, Springfield
College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, was trying to keep his gym class active on a rainy day. He
sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during
the long New England winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to
walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3.0 m)
elevated track. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and
balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient,
however, so the bottom of the basket was removed, allowing the balls to be poked out with a
long dowel each time.

Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball. These round balls from "association football"
were made, at the time, with a set of laces to close off the hole needed for inserting the
inflatable bladder after the other sewn-together segments of the ball's cover had been
flipped outside-in. These laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be
unpredictable.] Eventually a lace-free ball construction method was invented, and this
change to the game was endorsed by Naismith. (Whereas in American football, the lace
construction proved to be advantageous for gripping and remains to this day.) The first
balls made specifically for basketball were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s that Tony Hinkle,
searching for a ball that would be more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange
ball that is now in common use. Dribbling was not part of the original game except for the "bounce
pass" to teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of ball movement. Dribbling was
eventually introduced but limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls.Dribbling was common by
1896, with a rule against the double dribble by 1898.
The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with
backboards. A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through. Whenever a person
got the ball in the basket, his team would gain a point.
Whichever team got the most points won the game. The
baskets were originally nailed to the mezzanine balcony of
the playing court, but this proved impractical when spectators
in the balcony began to interfere with shots. The backboard
was introduced to prevent this interference; it had the
additional effect of allowing rebound shots. Naismith's
handwritten diaries, discovered by his granddaughter in early
2006, indicate that he was nervous about the new game he
had invented, which incorporated rules from a children's game called duck on a rock, as many had
failed before it.
Frank Mahan, one of the players from the original first game, approached Naismith after the
Christmas break, in early 1892, asking him what he intended to call his new game. Naismith replied
that he hadn't thought of it because he had been focused on just getting the game started. Mahan
suggested that it be called "Naismith ball", at which he laughed, saying that a name like that would
kill any game. Mahan then said, "Why not call it basketball?" Naismith replied, "We have a basket
and a ball, and it seems to me that would be a good name for it." The first official game was played
in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New York, on January 20, 1892, with nine players. The game
ended at 1–0; the shot was made from 25 feet (7.6 m), on a court just half the size of a present-
day Streetball or National Basketball Association (NBA) court.
At the time, football was being played with 10 to a team (which was increased to 11). When winter
weather got too icy to play football, teams were taken indoors, and it was convenient to have them
split in half and play basketball with five on each side. By 1897–1898 teams of five became standard.
Basketball grew steadily but slowly in popularity and importance in the United States and
internationally in the first three decades after World War II. Interest in the game deepened as a result
of television exposure, but with the advent of cable television, especially during the 1980s, the
game’s popularity exploded at all levels. Given a timely mix of spectacular players—such as Earvin
(“Magic”) Johnson, Julius Erving (“Dr. J”), Larry Bird, and Michael Jordan—and the greatly
increased exposure, basketball moved quickly to the forefront of the American sporting scene,
alongside such traditional leaders as baseball and football. Four areas of the game developed during
this period: U.S. high school and college basketball, professional basketball, women’s basketball, and
international basketball.

Basic Basketball
Rules
Teams/number of players
Two teams of maximum 12 players, with a maximum of five players of each team on the court at any
time.
Teams may make as many substitutions as they like.
The objective
The objective of the game is to put the ball in the opposing team’s basket.
The team with the most points at the end of the game wins.
Duration
The game consists of four periods of 10 minutes.
If the scores are tied, overtime periods of five minutes will be played until one team has more points
than the other (at the end of the 5-minute period)
Scoring
A basket scored from near the basket (inside the three-point arc) is worth two points.
A basket scored from far (beyond the three-point arc) is worth three points.
A basket scored from the free-throw line is worth one point.
Moving the ball
The ball may either be passed from one player to another, or dribbled by a player from one point to
another (bounced while walking or running).
Before passing or shooting the ball, a player may take two steps (without dribbling).
Once a player has stopped dribbling, he may not start to dribble again.
Once the team in possession of the ball has passed the half-court line, it may not cross back over the
line with the ball.
Shot clock
When a team gains possession of the ball, they have a maximum of 24 seconds to attempt a shot.
Additionally, offensive players may not remain within the restricted area (key) for more than three
consecutive seconds.
Fouls
A personal foul occurs when there is illegal contact between two opponents. A player who makes
more than five personal fouls is excluded from the game.
A foul made on a player attempting a shot results in the awarding of the same number of free-throws
as those of the shot taken (two from inside the arc, three from outside). If a player is fouled but
makes the attempted shot, the shot counts and an additional free-throw will be awarded.
Once a team has made four fouls in a period, each additional foul (on a player not attempting a shot)
will result in the automatic awarding of two free-throws.

Basketball Court
Other Variations
3x3 basketball (pronounced 3 on 3 or 3x3) is a form of the game played three a side on one
basketball hoop. According to an ESSEC Business School study commissioned by the International
Olympic Committee, 3x3 is the largest urban team sport
in the world. This basketball game format is currently
being promoted and structured by FIBA, the sport's
governing body.[1] Its primary competition is an annual
FIBA 3X3 World Tour,[2] comprising a series of
Masters and one Final tournament, and awarding six-
figure prize money in US dollars. The FIBA 3x3 World
Cups for men and women are the highest tournaments
for national 3x3 teams

 One-on-One - It is a variation in which two players will use only a small section of the court
(often no more than a half of a court) and compete to play the ball into a single hoop. Such
games tend to emphasize individual dribbling and ball stealing skills over shooting and team
play.

 Water basketball - Water basketball, played in a swimming pool, merges basketball

and water polo rules.

 Beach basketball - A modified version of basketball, played on beaches, was invented by

Philip Bryant.[66] Beach basketball is played in a circular court with no backboard on the goal,
no out-of-bounds rule with the ball movement to be done via passes or 21/2 steps, as
dribbling is next to impossible on a soft surface. [67] Beach basketball has grown to a very
popular, widespread competitive sport. 15 Annual World Championships have been
organized.

 Dunk Hoops - Dunk Hoops (a.k.a. Dunk Ball) is a variation of the game of basketball, played
on basketball hoops with lowered (under basketball regulation 10 feet) rims. It originated
when the popularity of the slam dunk grew and was developed to create better chances for
dunks with lowered rims and using altered goaltending rules.

 Slamball - Slamball is full-contact basketball, with trampolines. Points are scored by playing

the ball through the net, as in basketball, though the point-scoring rules are modified. The
main differences from the parent sport is the court; below the padded basketball rim
and backboard are four trampolines set into the floor, which serve to propel players to great
heights for slam dunks. The rules also permit some physical contact between the members of
the four-player teams.
 Streetball - Streetball is a less formal variant of basketball, played on playgrounds and in
gymnasiums across the world. Often only one half of the court is used, but otherwise, the
rules of the game are very similar to those of basketball. The number of participants in a
game, or a run, may range from one defender and one person on offense (known as one on
one) to two full teams of five each. Streetball is a very popular game worldwide, and some
cities in the United States have organized streetball programs, such as midnight basketball.
Many cities also host their own weekend-long streetball tournaments.

 Unicycle basketball - Unicycle basketball is played using a regulation basketball on a regular

basketball court with the same rules, for example, one must dribble the ball while riding.
There are a number of rules that are particular to unicycle basketball as well, for example, a
player must have at least one foot on a pedal when in-bounding the ball.
Et al.