French Verb Primer

by Helene Gallier-Morgan

Regular Verbs in the Present Indicative

Irregular Verbs in thePresent Indicative (A-C)
Irregular Verbs in thePresent Indicative (D-M)
Irregular Verbs in thePresent Indicative (N-P)
Irregular Verbs in thePresent Indicative (R-S)
Irregular Verbs in thePresent Indicative (T-Z)
Regular Part Participles
Irregular Past Participles
Agreement of Past Participles
Passé Composé
Use of the Passé Composé
Conjugation of Verbs in the 'Imparfait'
Use of the 'Imparfait'
Conjugation of Verbs in the 'Plus-Que-Parfait'
Use of the 'Plus-que-Parfait'
The Imperative Mood
Regular Verbs in the 'Futur Simple'
Irregular Verbs in the 'Futur Simple'
The 'Futur Antérieur'
Use of the 'Futur Antérieur'
Futur Proche
Regular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive
Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjucntive
Regular Verbs in the Present Conditional
Irregular Verbs in the Present Conditional
Conjugation of Verbs in the Past Conditional

REGULAR VERBS IN THE PRESENT INDICATIVE

1. ER verbs: remove the 'er' ending of the infinitive and replace it by: e/es/e/ons/ez/ent. Ex: rester:
reste/restes/reste/restons/restez/restent.
a) Vbs with a mute e in the infinitive: add an 'accent grave' when there is also a mute e in the next syllable.
Ex: lever: lève/lèves/lève/levons/levez/lèvent.
b) Vbs with an é in the infinitive: change the é for an è when there is a mute e in the next syllable. Ex: régler:
règle/règles/règle/réglons/réglez/règlent.
c) With verbs like 'appeler,' the l is doubled between two mute e :
appelle/appelles/appelle/appelons/appelez/appellent.
d) Vbs ending in oyer + uyer in the infinit.:y is changed to i before a mute e: Ex: envoyer:
envoie/envoies/envoie/envoyons/envoyez/envoient. Vbs ending in ayer: Ex: payer: paie/paye paies/payes
paie/paye payons payez paient/payent.
e) Vbs ending in cer in the infinit.: add a cedilla under the c in the first person plural. Ex: lancer:
lance/lances/lance/lançons/lancez/lancent.
f) Vbs ending in ger in the infinit.: add an e between -g and the -ons ending: Ex: manger: mange/manges/mange
/mangeons/mangez/mangent.

2. IR verbs: remove the 'ir' ending of the infinitive and replace it by: is/is/it/issons/issez/issent Ex: finir : Je
finis/Tu finis/Il, elle finit/Nous finissons/Vous finissez/Ils, elles finissent.

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3. RE verbs: remove the 're' ending of the infinitive and replace it by: s/s/-/ons/ez/ent Ex: attendre :
J'attends/Tu attends/Il, elle attend/Nous attendons/Vous attendez/Ils, elles attendant.

IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE PRESENT INDICATIVE (A-C)

aller: vais/vas/va/allons/llez/vont
apercevoir: aperçois/aperçois/aperçoit/apercevons/apercevez/aperçoivent
apprendre: apprends/apprends/apprend/apprenons/apprenez/apprennent
s'asseoir: m'assieds/t'assieds/s'assied/nous asseyons/vous asseyez/s'asseyent
atteindre: atteins/atteins/atteint/atteignons/atteignez/atteignent
avoir: ai/as/a/avons/avez/ont
se battre: me bats/te bats/se bat/nous battons/vous battez/se battent
boire: bois/bois/boit/buvons/buvez/boivent
comprendre: comprends/comprends/comprend/comprenons/comprenez/comprennent
conduire: conduis/conduis/conduit/conduisons/conduisez/conduisent
connaître: connais/connais/connaît/connaissons/connaissez/connaissent
coudre: couds/couds/coud/cousons/cousez/cousent
courir: cours/cours/court/courons/courez/courent
craindre: crains/crains/craint/craignons/craignez/craignent
croire: crois/crois/croit/croyons/croyez/croient

IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE PRESENT INDICATIVE (D-M)

devenir: deviens/deviens/devient/devenons/devenez/deviennent
devoir: dois/dois/doit/devons/devez/doivent
dire: dis/dis/dit/disons/dites/disent
dormir: dors/dors/dort/dormons/dormez/dorment
écrire: écris/écris/écrit/écrivons/écrivez/écrivent
s'endormir: m'endors/t'endors/s'endort/nous endormons/vous endormez/s'endorment
éteindre: éteins/éteins/éteint/éteignons/éteignez/éteignent
être: suis/es/est/sommes/êtes/sont
faire: fais/fais/fait/faisons/faites/font
falloir: il faut
interdire: interdis/interdis/interdit/interdisons/interdisez/interdisent
joindre: joins/joins/joint/joignons/joignez/joignent
lire: lis/lis/lit/lisons/lisez/lisent
mettre: mets/mets/met/mettons/mettez/mettent
mourir: meurs/meurs/meurt/mourons/mourez/meurent

IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE PRESENT INDICATI VE (N-P)

obtenir: obtiens/obtiens/obtient/obtenons/obtenez/obtiennent
offrir: offre/offres/offre/offrons/offrez/offrent
ouvrir: ouvre/ouvres/ouvre/ouvrons/ouvrez/ouvrent

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partir: pars/pars/part/partons/partez/partent
peindre: peins/peins/peint/peignons/peignez/peignent
permettre: permets/permets/permet/permettons/permettez/permettent
se plaindre: me plains/te plains/se plaint/nous plaignons/vous plaignez/se plaignent
plaire: plais/plais/plaît/plaisons/plaisez/plaisent
pleuvoir: il pleut
prendre: prends/prends/prend/prenons/prenez/prennent
prévenir: préviens/préviens/prévient/prévenons/prévenez/préviennent
promettre: promets/promets/promet/promettons/promettez/promettent
pouvoir: peux/peux/peut/pouvons/pouvez/peuvent

IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE PRESENT INDICATIVE (R-S)

recevoir: reçois/reçois/reçoit/recevons/recevez/reçoivent
reconnaître: reconnais/reconnais/reconnaît/reconnaissons/reconnaissez/reconnaissent
rejoindre: rejoins/rejoins/rejoint/rejoignons/rejoignez/rejoignent
remettre: remets/remets/remet/remettons/remettez/remettent
repeindre: repeins/repeins/repeint/repeignons/repeignez/repeignent
revenir: reviens/reviens/revient/revenons/revenez/reviennent
rire: ris/ris/rit/rions/riez/rient
savoir: sais/sais/sait/savons/savez/savent
servir: sers/sers/sert/servons/servez/servent
sortir: sors/sors/sort/sortons/sortez/sortent
souffrir: souffre/souffres/souffre/souffrons/souffrez/souffrent
sourire: souris/souris/sourit/sourions/souriez/sourient
se souvenir: me souviens/te souviens/se souvient/nous souvenons/vous souvenez/se souviennent
suivre: suis/suis/suit/suivons/suivez/suivent

IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE PRESENT INDICATIVE (T-Z)

se taire: me tais/te tais/se tait/nous taisons/vous taisez/se taisent

teindre: teins/teins/teint/teignons/teignez/teignent
tenir: tiens/tiens/tient/tenons/tenez/tiennent
valoir: il vaut
venir: viens/viens/vient/venons/venez/viennent
vivre: vis/vis/vit/vivons/vivez/vivent
voir: vois/vois/voit/voyons/voyez/voient
vouloir: veux/veux/veut/voulons/voulez/veulent

REGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES

1. To form the past participle of 'ER' verbs, remove the -er ending of the infinitive and replace it by 'é.' Ex:
appeler Past participle ---> appelé

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2. To form the past participle of 'IR' verbs, remove the -ir ending of the infinitive and replace it by 'i.' Ex: finir
Past participle ---> fini

3. To form the past participle of 'RE' verbs, remove the -re ending of the infinitive and replace it by 'u.' Ex:
répondre Past participle ---> répondu

IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES

VERBS PAST PART ICIPLES
apercevoir aperçu
apprendre appris
s'asseoir assis
atteindre atteint
avoir eu
boire bu
comprendre compris
conduire conduit
connaître connu
courir couru
craindre craint
croire cru
cuire cuit
devenir devenu
devoir dû
dire dit
écrire écrit
éteindre éteint
être été
faire fait
falloir fallu
interdire interdit
joindre joint
lire lu
mettre mis
mourir mort
naître né
obtenir obtenu
offrir offert
ouvrir ouvert
peindre peint
permettre permis
se plaindre plaint
plaire plu
pleuvoir plu
pouvoir pu
prendre pris
prévenir prévenu
promettre promis

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recevoir reçu
reconnaître reconnu
rejoindre rejoint
remettre remis
repeindre repeint
revenir revenu
rire ri
savoir su
sourire souri
se souvenir souvenu
suivre suivi
se taire tu
teindre teint
tenir tenu
valoir valu
venir venu
vivre vécu
voir vu
vouloir voulu

AGREEMEN T OF PAST PARTI CIPLES

1. The past participle of a verb conjugated with 'avoir' agrees in gender and in number with a preceding direct
object pronoun. Ex: J'ai rangé les documents./Je les ai rangés.
2. The past participle of a simple verb conjugated with 'être' agrees in gender and in number with the subject.
Ex: Nous sommes allés au cinéma.
3. The past participle of a verb intrinsically reflexive agrees in gender and in number with the reflexive pronoun.
Ex: Elle s'est dépêchée de partir.
4. The past participle of a verb made reflexive agrees in gender and in number with the reflexive pronoun, if the
latter is a direct object; if it is not, the past participle does not agree with it, but agrees with a preceding direct
object pronoun. Ex: Ils se sont vus. (The reflexive pronoun 'se' is a direct object.) Ex: Ils se sont parlé. The
reflexive pronoun 'se' is an indirect object.) Ex: Elle s'est lavé les mains./Elle se les est lavées.(The reflex.
pronoun 'se' is an indirect obj.. The past part. agrees with the direct obj. pronoun 'les.'

PASSE CO MPOSE

The 'passé composé' is formed by combining the past participle of the main verb with an auxiliary verb (avoir or
être) in the present indicative.
Ex: PARLER : J'ai parlé/Tu as parlé/Elle a parlé/Nous avons parlé/Vous avez parlé/Elles ont parlé.
Ex: ALLER : Je suis allé(e)/Tu es allé(e)/Il est allé/Nous sommes allé(e)s/Vous êtes allé(e)(s)(es)/Ils sont allés.

1. Most simple verbs are conjugated with 'avoir.'

2. All reflexive verbs are conjugated with 'être.'
3. The following simple verbs are conjugated with 'être': aller, arriver, descendre, devenir, entrer, monter, mourir,
naître, partir, rentrer, repartir, rester, retourner, revenir, sortir, tomber, venir.
N.B. The verbs 'descendre,' 'monter,' 'sortir,' and 'rentrer' are conjugated with 'avoir' when they take direct
objects.

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USE OF THE 'PASSE COMPOSE'

The 'passé composé' is used for actions completed in the past.

Ex: J'ai répondu I answered/I have answered

Ex: Elle est partie She left/She has left

CONJUGATION OF VE RBS IN THE 'IMPARFAIT '

To conjugate a verb in the 'imparfait,' use the stem of the first person plural of the present indicative. Remove
the -ons ending and replace it with the following endings of the 'imparfait': ais/ais/ait/ions/iez/aient.
Ex: écrire
Present indicative: nous écrivons
Imparfait: J'écrivais/Tu écrivais/Il, elle écrivait/Nous écrivions/Vous écriviez/Ils, elles écrivaient.

1. With verbs ending in -ger in the infinitive, the 'e' placed, in the present indicative, between 'g' and the -ons
ending is kept in the 'imparfait' between 'g' and the endings 'ais,' 'ait,' and 'aient' — but not between 'g' and the
endings 'ions' and 'iez.'
Ex: Ranger
Present indicative: nous rangeons
Imparfait: Je rangeais/Tu rangeais/Il, elle rangeait/Nous rangions/Vous rangiez/Ils, elles rangeaient.

2. With verbs ending in -cer in the infinitive, the cedilla placed under the 'c' in the first person plural of the
present indicative is kept, in the 'imparfait,' before 'a' in the endings 'ais,' 'ait,' and 'aient' — but not before 'i' in the
endings 'ions' and 'iez.'
Ex: Commencer
Present indicative: nous commençons
Imparfait : Je commençais/Tu commençais/Il, elle commençait/Nous commencions/Vous commenciez/Ils,
elles commençaient.

3. With verbs having an 'i' at the end of the stem in the first person plural of the present indicative, there are two
'i' in the first and second persons plural of the 'imparfait.'
Ex: Rire
Present indicative: nous rions
Imparfait : Je riais/Tu riais/Il, elle riait/Nous riions/Vous riiez/Ils, elles riaient.

4. In the 'imparfait', all verbs follow the same conjugation system, except 'être' which is irregular.
être : J'étais/Tu étais/Il, elle était/Nous étions/Vous étiez/Ils, elles étaient

5. Impersonal verbs take the following forms in the 'imparfait':

Falloir : Il fallait
Neiger : Il neigeait
Pleuvoir : Il pleuvait
Valoir : Il valait

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USE OF THE 'IMPARFAIT'

1. A verb in the present indicative in a direct question or statement always takes the 'imparfait' form in indirect
speech in the past. Ex: "Je viens." Elle m'a dit qu'elle venait. (She told me that she was coming.)
2. When telling a story, the 'imparfait' is used to present actions completed in the past and repeated on a regular
basis (every day, every year, etc.). Thus, the tense indicates what people used to do at a certain time in their lives,
or how things used to be in the past. Ex: Quand j'étais enfant, je passais mes vacances chez ma tante. When I
was a child, I used to spend my holidays at my aunt's.
3. The 'imparfait' is used as a past progressive to indicate that an action lasted for an indefinite period. In this
case, the French 'imparfait' corresponds to the English 'was/were + ing' form. Ex: Quand je suis arrivée, il lisait.
(When I arrived, he was reading.)
4. When telling a story in the past, the descriptive part (background, setting, surroundings, etc.) is in the
imparfait.

CON JUGATION OF VE RBS IN THE 'PLUS-QUE -PARFAIT'

The 'plus-que-parfait' is a compound past tense. It is formed by combining the past participle of the main verb
and the auxiliary verbs 'être' or 'avoir' in the 'imparfait.' The verbs conjugated with 'être' in the 'plus-que-parfait'
are those which also take 'être' in the 'passé composé' (reflexive verbs, and the following simple verbs: aller,
arriver, descendre, devenir, entrer, monter, mourir, naître, partir, rentrer, repartir, rester, retourner, revenir,
sortir, tomber, venir). The same rules of agreement of the past participle in the 'passé composé' are applied in
the 'plus-que-parfait.'

Ex: recevoir : J'avais reçu/Tu avais reçu/Il avait reçu/Nous avions reçu/Vous aviez reçu/Ils avaient reçu
Ex: aller : J'étais allé(e)/Tu étais allé(e)/Il était allé/Nous étions allé(e)s/Vous étiez allé(e)(s)(es)/Ils étaient allés

USE OF THE 'PLUS-QUE-PAR FAIT'

1. A verb in the 'passé composé' in a direct question or statement always takes the 'plus-que-parfait' form in
indirect speech in the past. Ex: "J'ai pris les documents." Marie m'a dit qu'elle avait pris les documents.

2. In narrative, the French 'plus-que-parfait' corresponds to the English pluperfect. It is used to indicate that a
completed action took place, at one moment, before another action in the past. Ex: Quand je leur ai offert de les
aider, ils avaient déjà fini. When I offered to help them, they had already finished.

THE IMPERATIVE MOOD

The imperative mood presents an action in the form of a command or an exhortation. There are only three
forms of the verb. Generally speaking, these forms are identical to those of the present indicative, without the
subjects 'tu', 'nous' and 'vous'. Ex: finir : Finis|Finish, Finissons|Let's finish, Finissez|Finish

With verbs having the endings 'es' and 'as' in the second person singular of the present indicative, the final 's' is
dropped in the imperative, except when the verb is immediately followed by the pronouns 'en' and 'y' and these
pronouns are attached to it. Ex: Prépare du café. Prépares-en Ex: Va à la bibliothèque. Vas-y Ex: Va acheter des
crayons. Va en acheter. (The 's' of 'va' is dropped because the pronoun 'en' is not the object of 'va' but of
'acheter.')

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The following verbs are irregular in the imperative in the sense that they have different forms from those of the
present indicative.

avoir : Aie/Ayons/Ayez
être : Sois/Soyons/Soyez
savoir : Sache/Sachons/Sachez
vouloir : Veuillez

N.B. In the imperative, the verb 'vouloir' is used for extra politeness to attenuate the command. It is used only in
the second person plural. Ex: Veuillez prendre un numéro. (Please, take a number.)

REGULAR VERBS IN THE 'FUTUR SIMPLE'

The endings of the 'futur simple' are: ai, as, a, ons, ez, ont. With regular 'ER' and 'IR' verbs, the endings are
added to the infinitive. With regular 'RE' verbs, the 'e' of the infinitive ending is dropped before the endings of
the 'futur simple' are added.

Ex: étudier : J'étudierai/Tu étudieras/Il, elle étudiera/Nous étudierons/Vous étudierez/Ils, elles étudieront
Ex: finir : Je finirai/Tu finiras/Il, elle finira/Nous finirons/Vous finirez/Ils, elles finiront
Ex: prendre : Je prendrai/Tu prendras/Il, elle prendra/Nous prendrons/Vous prendrez/Ils, elles prendront

1. With verbs like 'appeler', the 'l' is doubled between two mute 'e': appellerai, appelleras, appellera,
appellerons, appellerez, appelleront.

2. With verbs containing a mute 'e', an 'accent grave' is added whenever there is a mute 'e' in the next syllable.
Ex: enlever: enlèverai, enlèveras, enlèvera, enlèverons, enlèverez, enlèveront.

3. With verbs ending in -oyer and -uyer in the infinitive, 'y' is changed to 'i' before a mute 'e'. Ex: nettoyer:
nettoierai, nettoieras, nettoiera, nettoierons, nettoierez, nettoieront. Verbs ending in 'ayer' in the infinitive may
be conjugated in two different ways. Ex: essayer: essaierai, essaieras, essaier, essaierons, essaierez, essaierons, or:
essayerai, essayeras, essayera, essayerons, essayerez, essayeront.

IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE 'FUTUR SIMPLE'

In the 'futur simple', all irregular verbs have regular endings, but irregular stems.

aller: j'irai
apercevoir: j'apercevrai
s'asseoir: je m'assiérai
avoir: j'aurai
courir: je courrai
devenir: je deviendrai
devoir: je devrai
envoyer: j'enverrai
être: je serai
falloir: il faudra
faire: je ferai
mourir: je mourrai

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pleuvoir: il pleuvra
pouvoir je pourrai
recevoir: je recevrai
renvoyer: je renverrai
revenir: je reviendrai
savoir: je saurai
se souvenir: je me souviendrai
tenir: je tiendrai
venir: je viendrai
voir: je verrai
vouloir: je voudrai

THE 'FUT UR ANTERIEUR'

The 'futur antérieur' (future perfect) is a compound tense. It is formed by combining the past participle of the
main verb and the auxiliary verbs 'être' or 'avoir' in the 'futur simple'. The verbs conjugated with 'être' in the
'futur antérieur' are those which also take 'être' in the 'passé composé' (reflexive verbs, and the following simple
verbs: aller, arriver, descendre, devenir, entrer, monter, mourir, naître, partir, rentrer, repartir, rester, retourner,
revenir, sortir, tomber, venir).The same rules of agreement of the past participle in the 'passé composé' are
applied in the 'futur antérieur.'

Ex: finir : J'aurai fini/Tu auras fini/Il aura fini/Nous aurons fini/Vous aurez fini/Ils auront fini
Ex: partir : /Je serai parti(e)/Tu seras parti(e)/Il sera parti/Nous serons parti(e)s/Vous serez parti(e)(s)(es)/Ils
seront partis

USE OF THE 'FUT UR ANTERIE UR'

1. The 'futur antérieur' refers to a future action considered to be completed before other actions in the 'futur
simple' begin. Ex: J'aurai fini avant ce soir. I will have finished by tonight. Ex: Quand il aura reçu ta lettre, il
répondra à tes questions. When he has received your letter, he will answer your questions.
N.B. In French - contrary to English - the verb in a subordinate clause with 'quand' (when), 'dès que' (as soon
as) and 'aussitôt que' (as soon as) must be conjugated in a future tense whenever the verb in the main clause is in
the future.

2. The 'futur antérieur' can also be used to express a supposed reason for a completed action. Ex: Marie n'est pas
encore rentrée. Elle sera restée au bureau. Marie is not back home yet. I guess she has stayed in the office.

FUTUR PROCHE

The 'futur proche' (immediate future) is formed with 'aller' in the present indicative; the main verb remains in
the infinitive.
Ex: faire
Je vais le faire/I am going to do it
Tu vas le faire/You are going to do it
Il va le faire/He is going to do it
Nous allons le faire/We are going to do it
Vous allez le faire/You are going to do it

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Ils vont le faire/They are going to do it

REGULAR VERBS IN THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

To conjugate a regular verb in the present subjunctive, use the stem of the first person plural of the present
indicative, remove the -ons ending and add the following endings of the present subjunctive:
e/es/e/ions/iez/ent
Ex: connaître
Present indicative: nous connaissons
Present subjunctive : Je connaisse/Tu connaisses/Il, elle connaisse/Nous connaissions/Vous connaissiez/Ils,
elles connaissent

1. With verbs like 'appeler,' the 'l' is doubled between two mute 'e': appelle, appelles, appelle, appelions, appeliez,
appellent.

2. 'Y' is changed to 'i' before a mute 'e' and after the vowels 'o' or 'u.' Ex: voir Present indicative: nous voyons
Present subjunctive: voie, voies, voie, voyions, voyiez, voient.

Before a mute 'e' and after the vowel 'a,' 'y' can be retained or changed to 'i.' Ex: essayer Present indicative: nous
essayons Present subjunctive: essaie, essaies, essaie, essayions, essayiez, essaient or: essaye, essayes, essaye,
essayions, essayiez, essayent.

3. With verbs having an 'i' at the end of the stem in the present indicative, there are two 'i' in the first and second
persons plural of the present subjunctive. Ex: rire Present indicative: nous rions Present subjunctive: rie, ries, rie,
riions, riiez, rient.

4. With verbs containing a mute 'e,' an 'accent grave' is added whenever there is another mute 'e' in the next
syllable. Ex: enlever Present indicative: nous enlevons Present subjunctive: enlève, enlèves, enlève, enlevions,
enleviez, enlèvent.

5. With verbs containing an 'é,' the 'accent aigu' is changed to an 'accent grave' whenever there is a mute 'e' in the
next syllable. Ex: préférer: Present indicative: nous préférons Present subjunctive: préfère, préfères, préfère,
préférions, préfériez, préfèrent.

6. With verbs ending in -cer, the cedilla does not appear in the present subjunctive. Ex: commencer Present
indicative: nous commençons Present subjunctive: commence, commences, commence, commencions,
commenciez, commencent.

7. When forming the subjunctive of verbs ending in -ger, remove the 'e' that was placed between the 'g' and
the -ons ending in the present indicative. This 'e' never occurs in the present subjunctive. Ex: ranger Present
indicative: nous rangeons Present subjunctive: range, ranges, range rangions, rangiez, rangent.

IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE (1)

aller: aille, ailles, aille, allions, alliez, aillent

apercevoir: aperçoive, aperçoives, aperçoive, apercevions, aperceviez, aperçoivent
apprendre: apprenne, apprennes, apprenne, apprenions, appreniez, apprennent

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avoir: aie, aies, ait, ayons, ayez, aient
boire: boive, boives, boive, buvions, buviez, boivent
comprendre: comprenne, comprennes, comprenne, comprenions, compreniez, comprennent
devenir: devienne, deviennes, devienne, devenions, deveniez, deviennent
devoir: doive, doives, doive, devions, deviez, doivent
être: sois, sois, soit, soyons, soyez, soient
faire: fasse, fasses, fasse, fassions, fassiez, fassent
falloir: il faille
mourir: meure, meures, meure, mourions, mouriez, meurent
obtenir: obtienne, obtiennes, obtienne, obtenions, obteniez, obtiennent
pleuvoir: il pleuve
pouvoir: puisse, puisses, puisse, puissions, puissiez, puissent
prendre: prenne, prennes, prenne, prenions, preniez, prennent
prévenir: prévienne, préviennes, prévienne, prévenions, préveniez, préviennent
recevoir: reçoive, reçoives, reçoive, recevions, receviez, reçoivent
revenir: revienne, reviennes, revienne, revenions, reveniez, reviennent
savoir: sache, saches, sache, sachions, sachiez, sachent
se souvenir: me souvienne, te souviennes, se souvienne nous souvenions, vous souveniez, se souviennent
tenir: tienne, tiennes, tienne, tenions, teniez, tiennent
venir: vienne, viennes, vienne, venions, veniez, viennent
vouloir: veuille, veuilles, veuille, voulions, vouliez, veuillent

REGULAR VERBS IN THE PRESENT CONDITIONAL

The endings of the present conditional are: ais, ais, ait, ions, iez, aient. With regular 'ER' and 'IR' verbs, the
endings are added to the infinitive. With regular 'RE' verbs, the 'e' of the infinitive ending is dropped before the
endings of the present conditional are added.

Ex: fermer : Je fermerais/Tu fermerais/Il fermerait/Nous fermerions/Vous fermeriez/Ils fermeraient

Ex: finir : Je finirais/Tu finirais/Il finirait/Nous finirions/Vous finiriez/Ils finiraient
Ex: lire : Je lirais/Tu lirais/Il lirait/Nous lirions/Vous liriez/Ils liraient

1. With verbs containing a mute 'e,' an 'accent grave' is added whenever there is another mute 'e' in the next
syllable. Ex: emmener : emmènerais, emmènerais, emmènerait, emmènerions, emmèneriez, emmèneraient.
2. With verbs like 'appeler,' the 'l' is doubled between two mute 'e': appellerais, appellerais, appellerait,
appellerions, appelleriez, appelleraient.
3. With verbs ending in -oyer and -uyer in the infinitive, 'y' is changed to 'i' before a mute 'e.' Ex: employer:
emploierais, emploierais, emploierait, emploierions, emploieriez, emploieraient. Verbs ending in -ayer in the
infinitive may be conjugated in two different ways. Ex: essayer: essaierais, essaierais, essaierait, essaierions,
essaieriez, essaieraient or essayerais, essayerais, essayerait essayerions, essayeriez, essayeraient.

IRREGULAR VERBS IN TH E PRESENT CONDITIONAL

Irregular verbs in the present conditional have irregular stems, but regular endings. These verbs have the same
irregular stems in the present conditional and in the simple future.

aller: j'irais
apercevoir: j'apercevrais

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s'asseoir: je m'assiérais
avoir: j'aurais
courir: je courrais
devenir: je deviendrais
devoir: je devrais
envoyer: j'enverrais
être: je serais
faire: je ferais
falloir: il faudrait
mourir: je mourrais
pleuvoir: il pleuvrait
pouvoir: je pourrais
prévenir: je préviendrais
recevoir: je recevrais
renvoyer: je renverrais
revenir: je reviendrais
revoir: je reverrais
savoir: je saurais
se souvenir: je me souviendrais
tenir: je tiendrais
valoir: il vaudrait
venir: je viendrais
voir: je verrais
vouloir: je voudrais

CONJUGATION OF VERBS IN THE PAST CONDITIONAL

The past conditional is a compound tense. It is formed by combining the past participle of the main verb and
the auxiliary verbs 'être' and 'avoir' in the present conditional. The verbs conjugated with 'être' in the past
conditional are those which take 'être' in the 'passé composé' (reflexive verbs, and the following simple verbs:
aller, arriver, descendre, devenir, entrer, monter, mourir, naître, partir, rentrer, repartir, rester, retourner, revenir,
sortir, tomber, venir). The same rules of agreement of the past participle apply.

Ex: lire: J'aurais lu/Tu aurais lu/Il aurait lu/Nous aurions lu/Vous auriez lu/Ils auraient lu
Ex: aller: Je serais allé(e)/Tu serais allé(e)/Il serait allé/Nous serions allé(e)s/Vous seriez allé(e)(s)(es)/Ils
seraient allés

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