L 3 Responsible Use of Media and

Information
First Semester, Quarter 1 - Week 3

What’s In

Photo by https://www.mtg.com/sv/ansvarsfull-media/

Media comes in different forms which are very accessible to

everyone, everywhere in our digital world. A media literate person
has the ability to read, analyze, evaluate and produce
communication in a variety of media forms. On the other hand, an
information literate person has the ability to recognize when
information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use and
communicate information in its various formats (UNESCO, MIL
Curriculum for Teachers, 2011).

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What I Need to Know
“The illiterate of the 21st Century will not be those who
cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn,
unlearn, and relearn”.
Alvin Toffler

What’s New

Activity 3. Answer the following questions honestly:

How do you use Facebook as a tool for

communication?

How did Facebook Affect or Change the way we

communicate with each other?

How did Facebook affect the quantity and

quality of information available to people? Is it a
good thing or bad thing?

SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT!

“The speed of communications is wondrous to behold. It is

also true that speed can multiply the distribution of
information that we know to be untrue.”
- Edward R. Murrow

What Is It
The power of Media and Information Literacy has dramatically changed
our perspective towards life. It has influenced the way we think, live, and act
on certain issues and concerns about life. Anyone can have an access of
Information on the different forms of Media: Internet, Social Media,
newspaper, television, and radio. Media and Information Literacy focuses
on the skills on how an individual engages with media and information
effectively, as well as developing critical thinking and life-long learning skills
designed for socialization among individuals.

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Nonetheless, quality of information matters in media. One should have
the knowledge and skills in identifying fake news from real news. Knowing the
quality of information would bring us to realization in forging the true concept
of developments in our country. To obtain knowledge, one has to have access
to information- in any mode and be able to understanding, evaluate, and use
it for specific purposes.

Information Knowledge Wisdom

Media and Information Literacy (MIL) – stands for media and

information literacy, and refers to the essential competencies
(knowledge, skills and attitude) that allow citizens to engage with media
and other information providers effectively and develop critical thinking
and life-long learning skills for socializing and becoming active citizens.
Media Literacy (ML) – Understanding and using mass media in either
an assertive or non-assertive way, including an informed and critical
understanding of media, the techniques they employ and their effects.
Also the ability to read, analyze, evaluate, and produce communication
in a variety of media forms (e.g. television, print, radio, computers,
Internet). It is also the ability to decode analyze, evaluate, and produce
communication in variety of forms.
Information Literacy – is a set of competencies for obtaining,
understanding, evaluating, adapting, generating, storing, and
presenting information for problem analysis and decision-making.
Technology Literacy – is the ability to use, manage, understand, and
assess technology. Technological literacy is related to digital literacy in
that when an individual is proficient in using computers and other digital
devices to access the Internet, digital literacy gives them the ability to
use the Internet, to discover, review, evaluate, create, and use
information via various digital platforms, such as web browsers,
databases, online journals, magazines, newspapers, blogs and social
media sites.

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What’s More
Let’s Do This:

Activity 4. Fill out the Literacy Chart below with your

reflections based on the knowledge, skills on Media
and Information Literacy

The Literacy Chart of Reflections

Reflections
A. Information What do you do when you
Literacy want to get information
about something?
How do find the information
you need?
How do you assess if the
information you got was
authentic or not?
Do you automatically
believe the information you
get from the following media
sources?
Explain why or why not:
• Internet
• TV News
• Radio (News)
• Newspaper
• Books
• Facebook
• Twitter
B. Technology What kinds of Technology
Literacy or gadgets are you exposed
to? Name them all

What kinds of technology

or gadgets are you NOT
exposed to? Which ones
do you want to be exposed
to or want to own? Explain
why?
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What kinds of computer
software are you familiar
with? Where do you use
them and for what
purpose?

What kinds of mobile apps

are you familiar with?
individual having media
and information literacy in
his life means being a
responsible enough as a
user who uses it
dependently.
Source: Olivia Linsangan Cantor, Media InformationLiteracy ISBN 978-971-07-3715-4, Vibal Group, Inc., 2016

Activity 5. Fill out the chart below with your answers based on
your knowledge and skills on Media and Information
Literacy.

The Curious Chart of Comments

When When When When When When
reading reading listening to listening watching watching
Books… magazines the radio… to the tv shows movies
… music…
Your Your Your Your Your Your
commen comments comments commen comments commen
ts about about the about the ts about about the ts about
the story models program the TV shows the story
singer story of the
movie
Your Your Your Your Your Your
commen comments comments commen comments commen
ts about about the about the ts about about the ts on
the design and commercial the song characters how it
characte layout s was
rs made
Your Your Your Your Your Your
commen comments comments commen comments commen
ts about about the about the ts about about the ts about
Ads DJ/radio the lyrics timeslot the
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the commentat characte
Author or rs
Your Your Your Your Your Your
commen comments comments commen comments commen
ts about about the about what ts about about the ts about
your pictures the DJ is the commercia the
friends saying songs ls breaks lessons
reaction message you get
to the from the
book story
Your Your Your Your ` Your Your
commen comments comments commen comments commen
ts about about the about what ts about on the ts on the
the themes of the where commercia price of
story’s the program is and how ls the
message magazine saying you got tickets
the song
Your Your Your Your Your Your
commen comments comments commen comments commen
ts about about the about the ts about about the ts on
the magazines time you where channel how and
books price listened you play where
price your you
songs watched
the
movie

Characteristics of a Media and Information Literate Person:

➢ Can understand media’s influences and representations
➢ Can make informed and independent decisions
➢ Can learn about the world around them
➢ Can build a sense of community
➢ Can maintain public discourse
➢ Can engage a lifelong learning
➢ Can produce information
➢ Can think critically
➢ Can use media for self-expression and creativity
➢ Can use media in a safe and responsible way
➢ Can participate in democracy and the global information
network

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Stages of the Critical Analysis Process
The critical analysis stages clearly involve the characteristics and
skills of media literacy and information literacy combined.

The five stages are the following:

1. Description – entails “paying close attention, taking notes, and
researching the subject under study”. This involves
getting the right kind of information from an accurate
source.
2. Analysis – involves “discovering and focusing on significant
patterns that emerge from the description stage”.
3. Interpretation – pertains to “asking and answering the “What
does that mean? And “so what?” questions about ones
findings. This is where we could analyze the purpose of
the information we uncovered.
4. Evaluation – pertains to “arriving at a judgment about whether
something is good, bad, or mediocre.
5. Engagement – suggests “taking some action that connects our
critical perspective with our role as citizens to question our
media institutions, adding our own voice to the process of
shaping the cultural environment”.

Activity 6. Watch a TV Show episode. Then fill out the characters

chart below based on what you are watching. The Teacher
will lead the discussion of your findings after the exercise.
What do you think of Do you
this character? know
anybody
Name of like this
the Role/Description character in
Character Good traits Bad traits real life?
What do
you think
of this
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person?
How does
this person
affect your
life?
1.

2.

3.
4.

Looking at Media Representations

As we look closely at the messages on TV Program Episodes,
several questions will crop up in our minds. These are the types of
questions the MIL framework encourages us to ask when we
decode the meanings of media messages.

Realism
When experiencing fiction-based media products:
⚫ How is the level of realism in this media products?
⚫ Is it intended to deliver a realistic story or information?

When experiencing nonfiction-based media products:

⚫ Is the depiction of reality accurate?
⚫ Is the depiction of reality heavily manipulated?
Telling the truth
When experiencing the delivery of information:
⚫ Is the information in this media product telling the truth about a
certain aspect of the human experience?
⚫ How authentic is the truth being delivered in this message?
⚫ Do I believe in this truth being sold to me?
⚫ Why do I find this truth suspicious?
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Presence and absence
When looking at characters and situations:
⚫ Whose story is it?
⚫ What kind of perspective is used to tell the story?
⚫ What is the media product telling me about this situation?
⚫ What is the media product not telling me about this situattion?
⚫ Whose points of view are included in the discussion?
⚫ Whose points of view are not included in the discussion?
⚫ Why are these people or situations included?
⚫ Why are these people or situations excluded?
⚫ Who does the inclusion or exclusion? How is it done?

Bias and objectivity

Looking at ideology:
⚫ What id this media product saying about a certain human issue?
⚫ Is the concept presented framed in a biased or objective way?
⚫ Is the media message embedded with a particular moral value?
⚫ Is the media message trying to convince us of an advocacy issue?
⚫ Is the media message trying to convince us of a political value?
⚫ Is the message suggesting or forcing a specific meaning to us?
⚫ Is the message delivered in a balanced way?
⚫ Is the message convincing enough or not? How come?

Looking at subject positioning:

⚫ Are the subjects being portrayed as victims or survivors?
⚫ Are the subjects speaking realistically or do their lines appear
scripted?
⚫ Is the delivery appealing to your emotions or your intellect?

Stereotyping
⚫ Can you see yourself being represented in the media message?
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⚫ Are certain types of representations bordering on stereotyping?
How?
⚫ Are they praising or demonizing the way the stereotype is
presented?
⚫ How is the media depicting specific groups of people in terms of
the following categories:
- race or ethnicity, color of skin tone
- job or job status or relationship status
- social status or relationship status
- gender and gender expression
- sexual orientation or gender identity
- religious beliefs of faith following
- disability or personal health status
- manner of dressing or fashion sense
- manner of speaking or language capacity

Interpretations
⚫ What kinds interpretations are accepted and what are rejected by
the audience?
⚫ What kinds of interpretations are dominant and what are not?
⚫ What determines the authenticity of our acceptance of these
interpretations.?

Influences
⚫ Are the media messages suggesting how we should think about
the following:
- certain socail groups
- certain personality behaviors of attritudes
- certain personality types
- certain beliefs and traditions
⚫ Are the media messages telling us how we should behave in
particular instances or situations?

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What I Have Learned

Every learner has the ability to read, analyze, evaluate and

produce communication in a variety of media forms. With the use of
media and information, the lives of the learners become easy, and
fun. “Media is a very powerful tool capable of mobilizing people’s
contemplations and ideologies” Mock (2004) stressed.

What I Can Do

To test your Media and Information Literacy Skills, choose a TV

show or a film for your research. Imagine that you will be paid to
develop a sequel to this work. A sequel is the piece of content
following an original piece. For a film, you will write the second in the
series. For the TV show, you will write the second episode. Following
the characteristics of the media information literacy process,
identify the information you need to discover for this assignment, as
well as the steps you need to finish this paid project. Acknowledge
sources of information.
References
Olivia Linsangan Cantor, Media Information Literacy ISBN 978-971-07-3715-4, Vibal Group, Inc., 2016
Nick Daniel Mahilum, https://doobidoobidapdap.wordpress.com/2017/09/06/the-power-of-media-and-
information-literacy-and-the-responsibility-of-the-user-2/
https://www.mtg.com/sv/ansvarsfull-media/
UNESCO, MIL Curriculum for Teachers, 2011

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MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

Quarter 1 Module 5 Week

4 The Various Media in the
Age of Information

Name:
Date:
Grade and Section:

S2 Q3 MELC:

Compare and contrast how one particular issue or news is presented

through the different types of media.
“Media is a powerful institution. It offers infinite possibilities”

The Panorama: Media is said to be a powerful force in the society.

They are everywhere. Voluntarily or involuntarily, millions of individuals
are exposed to it. Twenty-four hours, seven days a week, whether in
television or radio, in newspaper or magazine, or through internet,
people are affected by its enchanting media features.

The Exploration: Different media have different forms and

characteristics. The users of media must understand its nature in order
to maximize its use.

Media has several types. But generally, there are three basic types of media

1. Print Media
2. Broadcast Media
3. New Media

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The Print Media- is a typed of media used in mass communication in
the form of printed publications. The traditional form of print media
involves ink and paper. The major types of print media are Books,
magazines, newspapers, newsletters, posters, brochures, and press
releases.
a. Book- printed sheets of paper that bare held together inside a
cover. It is a long written work intended to inform like references
books or entertain such novels.
b. Newspaper- refers to as document published regularly, consisting
of news reports, articles, photographs and advertisements that are
printed on large sheets of paper folded together.
c. Magazine- defined as a periodical publication containing articles
and illustrations, typically covering a particular.
d. Poster- a bill or placard for posting, which is often placed in public
place. Posters by nature are visual.
e. Brochure- defined as a small. Thin book or magazine that usually
has many pictures and information about a product, or a place,
etc. It is typically used as a form of advertisement or promotion.
The Characteristics of a Print Media

1. A proponent of literacy.
2. Portable
3. Independent form of media.
4. Structure

Newspapers as Source of Information:

The newspaper is one of the reliable sources of news and
information. Its goals are to inform the public of the latest
happenings in almost everywhere and develop opinion.
Typical newspapers have the following sections.

1. News section- the essence of the newspaper that contains the

significant stories from local community, national and
international scene.
2. Photojournalism- tells new stories through images. Maintains
sense of timeliness, objectivity and narrativity.
3. Opinion section- contains editorial stories which report or tackle
issues that concern the public or communities in an objective and
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unbiased manner.
4. Sports section- features local, national, and international news
and information on sports events.
5. Entertainment section- offers feature articles that emphasize the
various aspects of culture. This section includes film, music, arts,
fashion, and food.
6. Classified Ads Section- contains advertisement on services, job
opportunities and bidding.
THE BROADCAST MEDIA:

The term broadcasting refers to the airborne transmission of

electromagnetic audio signals (radio) or audiovisual signals (television)
that are readily accessible to a whole population via standard receivers.
• Radio Broadcasting- transmission of audio sound, sometimes
with related metadata, by radio waves intended to reach a wide
audience. In terrestrial radio broadcasting the radio waves are
broadcast by a land-based radio station, while in satellite radio
the radio waves are broadcast by a satellite in earth orbit.
Radio- is a tool that uses voice, sound and music.
Two Types of Radio Format in terms of frequency:
AM ( Amplitude Modulated) radio.
FM ( Frequency Modulation) radio.

AM Radio offers variety stations that feature different program formats:

1. Dramatic format
2. Non-dramatic format d. Educational
a. News and commentary e. Informative
b. Talk Show
c. Counselling

• TV Broadcasting- form of broadcasting in which a

television signal is transmitted by radio waves from a
terrestrial transmitter of a television station to tv receivers
having an antenna.
Television- can be considered as the most powerful medium in
the mass communication. It has a complete feature. It offers both
sight and sounds.

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Television program formats are:
1. Dramatic Format
a. Drama series c. Sitcom
b. Drama special d. reality shows/game shows
2. Non-dramatic format
a. News and public affairs program e.
informative program
b. Talk show, debate, discussion program d. variety
show program
c. Contest, quiz show, game show program
d. Educational program
RADIO CHARACTERISTICS
Advantages Disadvantages
Audio only
Local Coverage Clutter
Low cost Fleeting message
High frequency

Low production cost

Well segmented audience

TELEVISION CHARACTERISTICS
Advantages Disadvantages

Mass Coverage Low selectivity

High Reach High absolute cost
Impact of sight, sound and Short message life
motion High production cost
High prestige Clutter
Moderate cost per thousand
exposure

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• New medias: The World Wide Web
Where ordinary people can go on their computer screens and
with a few clicks of a mouse button, find a vast array of
information and entertainment that originates all around the
world. Tim Berners- Lee invented it back in 1989.
Characteristics of New Media:
1. Networked Linkage- geographical separation is no longer an
issue with the new media.
2. Ubiquity- new media made information simultaneously
present everywhere..
3. Digital-one click
4. Space Binding and Distance Insensitivity.
5. Geographical Insensitivity
6. Personalized- (every users gadget)
7. Prothesis and Telepresence
8. Virtuality, Virtual Community.
9. Herpertext
10. Interactivity
11. Push vs. Pull-
12. Convergent
13. Smart
14. Wired, Wireless, Terrestrial and Satellite-based
15. Electromagnetic vs. Optical

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THE AVENUES OF NEW MEDIA: SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKING SITES
• Facebook-the world’s largest and most visited social
networking site.
• Twiiter- online social networking and miscroblogging
service that enables users to send and read text-based
messages.
• Instragram- commonly known as “IG” originally made for
photo-sharing site.
• Youtube- video-sharing website

Activity 1: Listen to the news on radio and watch the news on the
televisiob. Discuss how the news was narrated in the television
and radio. Fill-up the matrix.
COMPARATIVE MATRIX

Broadcast Aspect Radio Television

In terms of:
a. Delivery of news
1. Clarity

2. Fairness

3. Trutrhfulness
b. Broadcast
quality
1. Audio or
video

2. News
Anchors

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Activity 2: Info-Quiz
Enumeration: Write the correct answer.
1-4. Four (4) Social media Networking Sites

1. 3.____________________

2. 4.____________________

5-10. Six(6) Non-Dramatic Program Formats of Television:

5. 8. ___________________

6. 9. ___________________

7. 10. ____________________

Activity 3: Interview 2 students/ friends/ relatives on their use of their new

media networking sites. Compare the response of the respondents.

Facebook Twitter Youtube Instagram

References:

Gonzales, Edward D.. Media Information Literacy. Manila: JFS Publishing Services, Manila Philippines Zarate, Maria

Jovita E, Media Information Literacy First Edition, Rex Bookstore, Manila Philippines

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