WEEK

2 Textual Aids in Understanding Texts

Lesson

I ______________________
This lesson focuses on various textual aids that may be used in understanding
texts. This highlights the importance and use of textual aids in making information
presentation more comprehensive and understandable for readers. Some of these textual
aids include graphic organizers, titles and non-linear illustrations, among others. You are
expected to identify information portrayed in graphics and other non-linear texts, and
convert non-linear information to textual information and vice versa.

Have you seen posters or infographics? Examine the sample below.

Learning Task 1: Using this infographic on COVID-19 Philippine Situationer issued on July 24,
2020 by the Department of Health, answer the following questions in your notebook:

1. Identify the number of active cases in the country.

2. Determine the number of total cases as per the situationer.
3. Enumerate the different classifications of active cases.
4. Describe each classification of active cases.
5. Identify the number of active cases based on their classifications.
6. As per report, determine the number of probable and suspected cases.

10
D _________________________
Learning Task 2: Choose the letter of your answer. Write your answers in your notebook.

1. Textual aids are educational instruments that are used in classrooms and workplaces.
These ___________ comprehension of texts.
A. simplify B. complicate C. creates D. organize

2. Textual aids use ___________ or images that give a general idea of the topic.
A. texts B. research C. graphical outlines D. reports

3. Underlining, Bolding, Highlighting and ___________ are examples of simple textual aids that can
be used by anyone easily.
A. Aligning B. Margining C. Justifying D. Italicizing

4. ___________ is one example of a textual aid that helps in identifying the causes and effects of a
situation/ happening.
A. Cause and Effect Diagram C. Graphic Organizer
B. Flow Diagram D. Venn Diagram

5. ___________ is one example of a textual aid that identifies the similarities and differences of two or
more categories.
A. Cause and Effect Diagram C. Graphic Organizer
B. Flow Diagram D. Venn Diagram

6. ___________ is one example of a textual aid that shows sequence or a step by step process of how
to do something.
A. Cause and Effect Diagram C. Graphic Organizer
B. Flow Diagram D. Venn Diagram

7. ___________ are textual aids that have visual displays and shows key content information.
A. Concept Map C. Graphic Organizer
B. Fishbone diagram D. Ishikawa Diagram

8. A ___________ helps you in creating an outline before writing an essay.

A. Main Idea Organizer C. Spider Map
B. Hamburger Writing Graphic Organizer D. Concept Map

9. Ishikawa diagram, also called as ___________, is an example of a Cause and Effect diagram.
A. Fishbone Diagram C. Concept Map
B. Flow Diagram D. Venn Diagram
10. ___________ is an example of a textual aid that can show the central thought with its matching
characteristics.
A. Main Idea Organizer C. Spider Map
B. Hamburger Writing Graphic Organizer D. Concept Map

Learning Task 3: Using the table below, transform the information presented into paragraph form.
Write your answer in your notebook.

Enrollment by Key Stage

Sector Key Stage 1 Key Stage 2 Key Stage 3 Key Stage 4 Learners Grand Total
Kinder to Grade 4 Junior High Senior High with Special
Grade 3 to 6 School School Needs
(G7-10) (G11-12) (ES & JHS)
Private 194,185 136,897 272,157 270,022 938 874,199

Public 1,036,525 782,627 937,290 180,695 10,173 2,947,310

SUCs/LUCs 872 824 3,462 6,613 0 11,771

Grand Total 1,231,582 920,348 1,212,909 457,330 11,111 3,833,280

11
LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR TEXTS

The difference between a Linear Text and Nonlinear Text is the reading path. A linear text is
a traditional text that needs to be read from beginning to end to make sense of the text. Examples of
Linear texts are short stories, novels, letters and educational texts.

A nonlinear text, on the other hand, is not required to be read from beginning to end since its
reading path is non-sequential. In assisting the readers, visual aids such as graphic organizers,
concept maps, diagrams and charts.

Transcoding Linear to Nonlinear Text and vice versa

Transcoding Linear to Nonlinear text and vice versa is a skill that one has to be familiar with
since it can be used in our everyday lives. There will be times when you would have to transcode a
linear text to nonlinear text to make it easier for other people to understand it and a nonlinear text
to linear text to have a de-tailed description of a certain topic.

To transcode a linear text to nonlinear text, follow these simple steps.

STEP 1
Read the text and get the main idea.

STEP 2
Extract necessary information for the visual presentation.

STEP 3
Remember to use keywords or phrases only.

STEP 4
Classify information into categories.

Make sure to use the correct non-linear text to present the information.
STEP 5

Cause-and-Effect Diagram

This diagram emphasizes the connection between the different concepts and is sometimes
called as the beneficial organizer since it can be applied to all subject areas. This is more known as
the Fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.

Flow Diagram/Chart

This is a sequence chart that shows series of events in order. If you have a concept that has
steps such as processes or sequence, the Flow Diagram is the applicable textual aid organizer.

Venn Diagram

This is used to identify, classify, categorize and recognize similarities and differences of two
or more subjects, ideas, thoughts or concepts. Called as the most commonly used textual aid, this
instructional tool can be found in teacher resource materials, examinations, hand outs, etc.

12
Graphic Organizers
Graphic Organizers are visual displays that have key content information. These textual aids
provide learners with structure for abstract concepts. These are usually created and designed for
those who have trouble organizing information and thoughts
.
Other forms of non-textual information include concept maps, spider map, sensory
observation chart, line graph, bar graph, pie graph, pictograph and other related images.
Information may also be presented in a form of infographics.

E___________________________
Learning Task 4: What is your favorite dish or dessert recipe? In your notebook, present the steps
in preparing or cooking your favorite food using a flow chart/diagram.

Learning Task 5: In your notebook, transform the text below into a non-textual information source.

Sharks and whales are a classic example of two different animals revealing similar traits in
the same environment. One of the similarities of these two marine animals is their habitat.
They both live in the vast range of depth in their environment. They also have the same fin
structure. They only have a single tail for propulsion and because they are both large
aquatic animals, they both consume large volume of food, however, sharks hunt for their
food. Whales do not have this hunting tendency. Another difference of sharks to whales is
their class. Whales are mammals while sharks are fish but they both live in the ocean.
Also, whales have bones while sharks only have cartilages.

Learning Task 6: In your notebook, transcode the information below into paragraph form.

Whale Shark

-live birth - can swim - have scales

-breath air - live in water - lay eggs
-have hair -have fins - breath water

A __________________________
Learning Task 7: Identify what is asked in each item. Write the letters of your answers in your
notebook.

1. Textual aids are educational __________ that could be written or printed, or other ways of
emphasizing the essential phrases, thoughts, graphs, and/or images.
A. materials B. instruments C. diagrams D. connectors

2. The following statements about Textual aids are TRUE EXCEPT

A. These are tools that provide support and simplify comprehension of texts.
B. These are graphical outlines or images that give a general idea of a topic.

13
C. These help people understand any story or subject since they give
emphasis on what should be focused on.
D. These only make the learning process complicated.

3. Textual aids help people understand a story or a subject since

A. It gives emphasis on what is focused on
B. It gives readers an idea of the story’s plot and important scenes.
C. It shows pictures of what happened in the story.
D. It shows a graphic representation of the characters.

Choose among the definitions the appropriate one for the given textual aid.
4. Flow diagram
A. It emphasizes the connection between the different concepts.
B. it is composed of visual displays that have key content information.
C. It is used to identify, classify, categorize and recognize similarities
and differences of two or more subjects, ideas, thoughts or concepts.
D. It is a sequence chart that shows series of events in order.

5. Graphic Organizers
A. It emphasizes the connection between the different concepts.
B. it is composed of visual displays that have key content information.
C. It is used to identify, classify, categorize and recognize similarities
and differences of two or more subjects, ideas, thoughts or concepts.
D. It is a sequence chart that shows series of events in order.

6. Venn Diagram
A. It emphasizes the connection between the different concepts.
B. It is known as a general organizer or textual aid that can show the
central thought with its matching characteristics.
C. It is used to identify, classify, categorize and recognize similarities
and differences of two or more subjects, ideas, thoughts or concepts.
D. It is a sequence chart that shows series of events in order.

7. Cause and Effect Diagram

A. It emphasizes the connection between the different concepts.
B. It is known as a general organizer or textual aid that can show the
central thought with its matching characteristics.
C. It is used to identify, classify, categorize and recognize similarities
and differences of two or more subjects, ideas, thoughts or concepts.
D. It is a sequence chart that shows series of events in order.

8. Ishikawa diagram is also called as _____________.

A. Hamburger Writing Graphic Organizer C. Venn diagram
B. Fishbone diagram D. Spider Map

9. A _________ is an example of a Graphic Organizer which uses pictures instead of words or

numbers to present the data.
A. Sensory Observation Chart C. Pictograph
B. Pie Chart D. Main Idea Graphic Organizer

10. It is a commonly used diagram that identifies the cause and effect of a phenomenon or simple
situations.
A. Hamburger Writing Graphic Organizer C. Venn diagram
B. Fishbone diagram D. Spider Map

Learning Task 8: Get a sample bar/pie/line or pictograph. Copy or paste it in your notebook. Then,
provide an explanation on the information presented by the chosen graph.

14