AT 3000

ALTITUDE ENCODER
INSTALLATION/MAINTENANCE MANUAL

TERRA
BY TRIMBLE

Trimble
2105 Donley Dr.
Austin, Texas 78758
Phone (512) 432-0400
Fax (512) 836-9413

Island Enterprises
MAINTENANCE/OVERHAUL MANUAL

FOR

AT 3000 ALTITUDE DIGITIZER

Trimble
2105 Donley Dr.
Austin, Texas 78758
Phone (512)432-0400
Fax (512) 836-9413

Part Number 1920-4099-01

Revision F

Island Enterprises
AT 3000 ALTITUDE ENCODER
Table of Contents

SECTION I ........................................ 1
1. INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
1 . 1 SCOPE............................. 1
1 .2 DESCRIPTION ...................... 1
1.3 SPECIFICATION..................... 1
SECTION II ....................................... 3
2. INSTALLATION, CALIBRATION AND TEST ..... 3
2 . 1 GENERAL........................... 3
2.2 PREPARATION FOR USE ............... 3
2.3 GENERAL INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
FOR AVIONICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3
2.4 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION ........... 10
2.5 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION ........... 10
2 . 6 CALIBRATION....................... 10
2.7 DATA CORRESPONDENCE TEST .......... 11
2.8 PLACARDING ........................ 12
2.9 TEST POINTS ....................... 13
2 . 10 OUTL INE DRAWING ................... 15
2.11 WIRING DIAGRAM .................... 17
SECTION III ...................................... 19
3. OPERATION (MOD STATUS 4 AND BELOW) ..... 19
3A. OPERATION (MOD STATUS 5 AND ABOVE ...... 19

SECTION IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21
4. THEORY OF OPERATION
(MOD STATUS 4 AND BELOW ................ 21
4A. THEORY OF OPERATION
(MOD STATUS 5 AND ABOVE) ............... 23

SECTION V ........................................ 27
5. ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE .................... 27

SECTION VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6. DRAWINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29
6.1 SCHEMATIC ......................... 29
6.2 COMPONENT LOCATOR ................. 31
6.3 SCHEMATIC......................... 33
6.4 COMPONENT LOCATOR ................. 35

SECTION VII ...................................... 37

7. AT 3000 PARTS LIST
(MOD STATUS 4 AND BELOW) ................ 37
7A. AT 3000 PARTS LIST
(MOD STATUS 5 AND ABOVE} ................ 41

SECTION VIII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8. WARRANTY. . . . . • . . . . . . • . • . . • . . . • . . . . • . . .. 45
8.1 LIMITED WARRANTY OF TERRA PRODUCTS. 45

Island Enterprises
TERRA CORPORATION

AT 3000 ALTITUDE ENCODER

SECTION I

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 SCOPE

This manual provides installation and operating

instructions for the Terra AT 3000 Altitude Encoder
manufactured by Terra Corporation, Albuquerque, New
Mexico.

1.2 DESCRIPTION

The AT 3000 Altitude Encoder interfaces with most

ATC transponders and is connected to the aircraft
pneumatic static system. The encoder converts
altitude (pressure) to digital data for
transmission by the aircraft's transponder. The
transponder, when interrogated by the ground
station will reply with aircraft altitude in the
digital code set forth in the International
Standard Code for SSR Pressure Altitude
Transmission.

The altitude encoder is 7.25 inches long x 2.6

inches wide x 1.62 inches high. The weight is 0.5
pounds.

Interconnection to the ATC transponder is made with

a 15 pin "D" type connector.

1.3 SPECIFICATIONS

ALTITUDE RANGE: -1000 FT. TO 30,000 FT.

SUPPLY VOLTAGE: 13.75 VDC OR 27.5 VDC
CURRENT: 180 MA @ 13.75 VDC
150 MA @ 27.5 VDC
WARM-UP TIME: 10 MINUTES
TEMPERATURE: -20 DEG. C TO +70 DEG. C
WEIGHT: 0.5 LBS.
TSO C88
DO-160A ENV. CAT. CIA/JKLMNOP/xxxxxxABBBA

Island Enterprises
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Island Enterprises
SECTION II

2. INSTALLATION, CALIBRATION AND TEST

2.1 GENERAL

This section contains all necessary installation

instructions and check-out procedures for the TERRA
AT3000 Altitude Encoder. For the installer with
little or no experience of installing avionics,
Section 2.3 provides important information. Terra
recommends reading this section before continuing
with the installation.

2.2 PREPARATION FOR USE

Every precaution has been taken to protect the

AT3000 during shipment. Upon receipt of the
equipment, remove the unit form the shipping
container and visually inspect for damage.

If the unit is damaged, a claim must be filed with

the carrier. The carrier assumes title of the unit
when accepted for shipment. Do NOT return the unit
to TERRA or ~ts representatives.

It is suggested that the package be retained for

inspection by the carrier in the case of damage or
for future use should it be necessary to ship the
unit for service or to transfer if to another
location.

2.3 GENERAL INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR AVIONICS

The following paragraphs contain pertinent hints,

advice, and guidance intended for use by installers
of avionics equipment. These have been drafted to
address common problems encountered during the
installation process. Specific questions may be
addressed to Terra for technical assistance by
calling 1-800-328-1995 and requesting Technical
Assistance.

2.3.1 COAXIAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Improper installation of coaxial cables and

connectors create many of the problems
encountered during avionics installations.
Refer to Drawing #9-1160-0037-01 for guidance
of typical BNC connector assembly. Refer to
Drawing #9-1160-0035-01 for instructions about
connecting coax cable to the BNC connectQr(s)

Island Enterprises
2.3.1 COAXIAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS (Continued)
mounted at the rear of Terra mounting trays.
Problems to avoid include twisted, chafed, or
pinched cables, sharp bends in cables, open or
shorted center conductors or shield braid, and
improper grounding of shields. Also, proper
termination of antenna coaxial cables at the
antenna should be carefully checked. After
installing connectors, pull firmly to ensure
good mechanical bonding (particularly if you
use crimp-on connectors) and use your ohmmeter
to insure good electrical connection with no
shorting. Be sure that coax lengths and types
follow the avionics manufacturer's
recommendations.
2.3.2 ANTENNAS
The three cardinal points for antenna
installation are location, mounting and
electrical characteristics.
Antenna Location:
Select a location that provides an adequate
ground plane, a continuous unbroken surface of
metal. At VHF frequencies, a minimum of a 42
inch diameter circle with the antenna at
center is recommended. Provide an area where
shadowing of the antenna will not occur (eg.
blocking of the signal by other parts of the
aircraft). Remember that at VHF frequencies
and above, direct line of sight signals are
required from ground stations to the antenna
and vice-versa for maximum effective range.
Consider that close proximity of an antenna to
other antennas or noise sources may create
interference problems. Read carefully and
follow closely the recommendations of the
avionic manufacturer about antenna location.
It is particularly important for VHF
communication antennas that the 42 inch
diameter ground plane area be provided for
each antenna, and the ground plane surface
must be relatively flat. Serious problems are
often encountered in aircraft which include
composite materials or fabric surfaces and in
many cases ground plane should be added if
normal communication range is to be achieved.
The effect of a limited or restricted ground
plane is a severe reduction of the antenna
4

Island Enterprises
2.3.2 ANTENNAS (Continued)
gain radiation pattern in the direction of the
restriction. For example, if an antenna is
mounted less than 21 inches from the edge of a
ground plane surface, then both the range of
reception and transmission to that direction
will be reduced in direct correlation with how
much closer than 21 inches that antenna is
mounted from the edge.
Another undesirable antenna placement occurs
when a VHF communication antenna is placed
within 21 inches from a second VHF
communication antenna, or within 21 inches of
the metallic vertical edge of the tail
assembly, etc. The effect is reduction of
antenna gain radiation pattern to the
direction of the other antenna or the vertical
edge. The 21 inch separation is an absolute
minimum!
Antenna Mounting:
Proper attachment of any antenna to the
aircraft surface is of primary importance.
Carefully clean all paint and corrosion off
the mounting surface and apply an anti-
corrosion treatment. Do the same to the
inside surface if a backing or nut plate is to
be used. Mount the antenna securely per the
antenna manufacturer's recommendations and
check carefully to insure good electrical
bonding. Do not mount any antenna to doors,
hatches, inspection plates or other moveable
surfaces because proper bonding to the
aircraft surface cannot be accomplished.
After proper mounting and bonding is achieved,
a bead of high quality RTV around the junction
of the antenna base and the aircraft surface
will prevent water seepage and corrosion from
forming between the antenna base and aircraft
surface.
Antenna Electrical Characteristics:
Use the antenna supplied with the avionics
equipment, or if not supplied, the antenna(s)
recommended by the avionics manufacturer. If
no specific antenna is recommended, choose an
antenna which provides good service for the
frequency range and the service conditions of
the aircraft (eg. speed, altitude, etc.). If
a signal splitter is to be used, compare the
5

Island Enterprises
2.3.2 ANTENNAS (Continued)

specifications carefully to the application.

Many installation problems are encountered
with improper application of signal splitters!
If in doubt, test the power and frequency
characteristics of the splitter on the bench
to be sure.
Simple antenna problems such as shorting or
open circuit problems can be determined by use
of an ohmmeter, although certain types of
antennas may require use of ramp test
equipment to check radiation. But, by far,
the most common antenna problems are diagnosed
to be coax or connectors, antenna bonding, or
signal splitters. And never, never, allow an
antenna to be painted over by aircraft paint!

2.3.3 WIRING AND HARNESSING

Construct the installation wiring harness

carefully from the avionics manufacturer's
wiring diagram. Be extremely careful to note
recommended wire sizes, the need for shielded
wiring (if any), and decide upon any optional
wiring to be included. Measure carefully and
plan the harness layout to avoid interference
of the cable harness with existing avionics,
instruments or controls.

Remove the connector plates from the rear of

the trays. Connect all wires to the proper
pin of each connector, checking as you go to
insure that no loose strands cause shorting to
adjacent pins or to ground surfaces. Be
particularly careful with the shield braids of
shielded wires. Do not expose any more of the
conductor than is absolutely necessary and
keep the braid connection as short as
possible. Remember that on shielded wires
only one ground point is recommended. Follow
manufacturer's recommendation about where the
ground point should be located. After
completing all connections, check wiring with
an ohmmeter again to ascertain that all
connections are as desired and that no
undesired shorting to ground or other pins has
occurred. Visually double check to see that
braids on shields are not creating shorting,
that no insulator melting has occurred during
soldering and pull firmly on all connections

Island Enterprises
2.3.3 WIRING AND HARNESSING (Continued)
to insure good mechanical bond.
Install the harness and connectors/connector
plates in the aircraft with very loose dress
only.
Solder all connections to power and ground and
install panel components/controls and safety
devices (eg. fuses or breakers). It is
desirable at this point to insert all
equipment in trays and perform preliminary
check-out. Following a satisfactory check-
out, and with all equipment in the properly
installed location, complete the final
dressing and routing of the harness and secure
in place.
Rote:
It is extremely important that units should be
installed in trays while final dress and
bundling of the harness is accomplished to
assure proper alignment of connectors between
tray and unit. Failure to do this may cause
problems when unit is initially inserted into
tray due to misalignment of connectors!

The final step is to perform a complete check

of all avionics operations and insure that
free movement of all cockpit controls is
available.
2.3.4 NOISE AND INTERFERENCE
The typical airframe is a small and imperfect
platform for providing all of the antenna
ground planes and power sources and inter-
wiring required for avionics operations,
particularly for a low noise and interference
free expectation. This subject is far too
broad and complex to address in detail in a
few paragraphs. However, an approach to
categorizing and defining the problem can be
outlined.
Noise and/or interference is usually heard in
the audio systems, although it may also be
detected as an interference to indicator
operation. Unless a strong suspicion of the
exact source is suspected, it is best to begin
a process of elimination, in the following
order:
7

Island Enterprises
2.3.4 NOISE AND INTERFERENCE (Continued)

1. Power Source: Check for low voltage

when the avionics load is applied.
A high resistance battery cell in
the AIC can cause numerous problems.
View the avionics power line at the
avionics master and at the affected
unit for noise on the power line.
If present, try to categorize the
frequency (eg. alternator whine,
which may be caused by one or more
bad alternator diodes, or if
interference is present only when a
communication unit is transmitting,
etc.). If the noise is present or
worse at the affected unit than at
the avionics master, investigate the
harness for noise coupling between
wires. If necessary, disconnect the
affected unit power from the
aircraft power source and connect to
an external power supply or battery.
2. Power Ground: View the power ground
line at the avionics master and the
affected unit. If noise is
discerned at the master source,
ground strapping may be corroded or
partially broken. If only at unit,
a larger wire size or wire re-
routing may be required.
3. Interference: Both noise and inter-
ference may be either conducted or
radiated, and in some cases electro-
magnetically coupled between units.
If it is determined that the noise
or interference is eliminated
whenever another avionics unit is
not transmitting,first investigate
the radiated alternative. Insure
complete and proper bonding of
antennas to the aircraft surface,
and check the coaxial cable and all
shield connections and connectors.
Review the manufacturer's recom-
mendations for antenna separations.
Be aware that antenna radiation
directly to conductors at the rear
of mounting trays or units may occur
if shields are stripped too far back
from the connector or are improperly
grounded. Disconnecting the

Island Enterprises
2.3.4 NOISE AND INTERFERENCE (Continued)
interfering antenna and substituting
an external dummy load may assist
diagnosis. Conducted interference
usually occurs through paths which
are shared by the avionics equipment
such as power lines, ground points,
audio equipment, or induced
interference between adjacent wires
or harnesses. Review the
manufacturer's recommendations for
shielded wiring and ground points,
and for separation of specific
wires. Measure ground points for a
small but perceptible resistance to
true ground and view power lines
with an oscilloscope, turning each
unit on and off to detect changes.
Recheck common or adjacent
connections to jacks, plugs, or
shared equipment such as power
converters, breakers, or audio
panels.
4. Compromise: In some cases noise or
interference may be subdued but not
eliminated. With the inefficient
and imperfect platform provided by
the aircraft for antennas and power
source, etc, complete elimination of
the problem may be very expensive or
impossible (eg. if there is simply
not enough space to provide ground
plane or antenna separation as
recommended). Or, the aircraft
strobe noise is audible but not
objectionable, etc. These problems
should be discussed early and
thoroughly with the customer.
2.3.5 SUMMARY

The paragraphs above are not intended to be

highly technical, completely thorough, or
extensive, but serve as a reminder for certain
precautionary or follow-up procedures for
general avionics installations. Terra
Corporation is prepared to assist at any point
with additional information, hints, or
literature. Simply call 1-800-328-1995 and
ask for technical assistance.

Island Enterprises
2.4 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION

The AT 3000 Altitude Encoder may be mounted in any

attitude. The mounting position should allow a
short pressure line from the encoder to the same
static line as the flight altimeter.

The installation must provide provisions for access

to the two adjustment screws during calibration.
See Outline Drawing No. 9-1120-4099-01.

2.5 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

The encoder is designed to operate on a 14V or 28V
DC aircraft bus. No voltage selection in the
encoder is necessary.

The interface cable wiring is shown in Drawing No.

9-1130-4099-01.

2.6 CALIBRATION

A pilot-static system test set is required to

perform the following calibration procedures.

The AT 3000 is calibrated at the factory to a

pressure datum traceable to the National Bureau of
Standards. When the encoder is installed in the
aircraft it must be calibrated to the primary
flight altimeter per Advisory Circular 43-6A so as
to comply with FAR 91.36(b) and FAR 91.172.

Calibrate according to the following procedure:

1. Connect the pitot-static test set to the

aircraft static line. See Drawing No. 9-1120-
4099-01. The AT 3000 Altitude Encoder must be
connected to the aircraft static line near the
flight altimeter and the two altitude
adjustments must be accessible.

2. Apply power to the altitude encoder and the

ATC transponder and allow the encoder oven to
stabilize (approx. 10 min.).

3. Set primary flight altimeter to 29.92 inches

of mercury.

Apply pressure from the pitot-static test set to

obtain an altimeter reading of 29,900 ft., then
slowly decrease pressure and read the flight
altimeter at the encoder transition point. Adjust

10

Island Enterprises
2.6 CALIBRATION (Continued)

the 30,000 ft. adjustment, if necessary, until the

transition point at decreasing pressure is 29,950
±20 ft. as read on the primary flight altimeter.
Apply increasing pressure to obtain a flight
altimeter reading of +100 feet, then slowly
increase pressure and read the flight altimeter at
the encoder transition point. Adjust the zero
altitude adjustment, if necessary, until the
transition point at increasing pressure is +50 ±10
ft. as read on the primary flight altimeter.

Check the transition point altimeter reading at

30,000 feet for both increasing and decreasing
pressure.

The transition point for decreasing pressure should

be 29,950 ±50 feet.

The transition point for increasing pressure should

be 30,050 ±50 feet.

Readjust the 30,000 foot adjustment if necessary.

Check the transition point altimeter reading at

zero altitude for both increasing and decreasing
pressure.

The transition point for increasing pressure should

be +50 ±50 feet.

The transition point for decreasing pressure should

be -50 ±50 feet.

Readjust the zero altitude adjustment if necessary.

Repeat the above steps until interaction is

eliminated.

2.7 DATA CORRESPONDENCE TEST

REF: FAR 91.36, APPENDIX E, FAR 43 and ADVISORY

CIRCULAR 43-6A.

Set the primary flight altimeter to 29.92 in. of

mercury.

Select the test points in Figure 1 from sea level

to the maximum operating altitude of the aircraft
or 30,000 feet.

11

Island Enterprises
2.7 DATA CORRESPONDENCE TEST (Continued)

Test each of these transition points for increasing

altitude and for decreasing altitude. Maximum
error shall be ±125 feet as read on the primary
flight altimeter. No more than three (3) points
shall have an error greater than 87 feet.

NOTE: The primary Flight Altimeter needs to have

correct readings. The Reference Altimeter should
be a calibrated standard, usually in the static
test box or the Primary Flight Altimeter if tested
against a calibrated instrument.

Compliance with AC-43.13 should be ensured as

applicable.

2.8 PLACARDING

The altimeter used for flight reference and the

Terra Model AT 3000 shall be placarded with the
following information:

"Replacement or re-calibration of the altimeter

used for flight reference requires re-calibration
of Model AT 3000 Altitude Encoder."

Altitude encoded to ____________ feet.

12

Island Enterprises
2.9 TEST POINTS

ALTITUDE INFORMATION PULSE POSITION

RANGE PULSE POSITION

(0 to 1 in a pulse position
denotes absence or presence
ofa pulse, respectively)
INCREMENTS Correspondence
(FEET) Tolerance
======================================================================
-1050 to -950 o o o o o o o 1 o
-50 to +50 o o o o 1 1 o 1 o
450 to 550 o o o o 1 o o 1 o
950 to 1050 o o o 1
,
.L o o 1 o
1050 to 1150 o o o 1 ..., o .i 1 o
1250 to 1350 o o o 1 ...1 1 1 o o
1450 to 1550 o o o 1 1 1 o 1 o
1750 to 1850 o o o 1 o 1 o o 1
1950 to 2050 o o o 1 o 1 o 1 o
2550 to 2650 o o o 1 o o o 1 1
2650 to 2750 o o o 1 o o o o 1
2950 to 3050 o o 1 1 o o o 1 o
3950 to 4050 o o 1 1 1 1 o 1 o
5950 to 6050 o o 1 o o 1 o 1 o
6750 to 6850 o 1 1 o o o o o 1
7950 to 8050 o 1 1 o 1 1 o 1 o
9960 to 10050 o 1 1 1 o 1 o 1 o
11950 to 12050 o 1 o 1 1 1 o 1 o
13950 to 14050 o 1 o o o 1 o 1 o
14750 to 14850 1 1 o o o o o o 1
15950 to 16050 1 1 o o 1 1 o 1 o
17950 to 18050 1 1 o 1 o 1 o 1 o
19950 to 20050 1 1 1 1 1 1 o 1 o
21950 to 22050 1 1 1 o o 1 o 1 o
24950 to 25050 1 o 1 1 1 o o 1 o
29950 to 30050 1 o o o o 1 o 1 o

13

Island Enterprises
THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

14

Island Enterprises
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Island Enterprises
Island Enterprises
SECTION III

3. OPERATION (UNITS MOD STATUS 4 AND BELOW)

The AT 3000 Altitude Encoder is supplied power automatically as

the ATC transponder is turned on, or if the transponder does not
provide switched power, by a separate circuit breaker.

Apply power to the ATC Transponder and the AT 3000 Altitude

Encoder (Transponder in stand-by mode).

After the required warm-up time (10 minutes for the

AT 3000), the AT 3000 will enable its data.

Altitude information can now be transmitted during ground

interrogation when the ATC transponder is placed in
altitude mode.

Turn off transmission of altitude information by switching the

altitude mode off at the ATC transponder. Do not switch the
altitude encoder power off.

SECTION III (A)

3A. OPERATION (UNITS MOD STATUS 5 AND ABOVE)

The AT-3000 Altitude Encoder MOD 5 and above is supplied power in

two ports. Aircraft power on pin 8 (via the transponder circuit
breaker or am independent 1 amp circuit breaker) activates the
AT-3000 heater and power supply. Switched power on pin 14
activates the encoder, heater and power supply sections.

NOTE: Switched power on pin 14 only will allow the unit to

operate fully but will require warm-up each time the power is
removed from the AT-3000 (each time the transponder is turned
off).· After power has been applied to the AT-3000 heater up to
10 minutes is required to stabilize temperature and activate
encoder output.

Apply power to the ATC Transponder and the AT-3000 Altitude

Encoder. After warm-up stabilization, altitude information will
be available to the transponder and transmitted when the
transponder is placed in altitude mode.

Turn off transmission of altitude information by switching the

altitude mode off at the ATC transponder. Do not switch the
altitude encoder power off.

19

Island Enterprises
THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

20

Island Enterprises
SECTION IV
4. THEORY OF OPERATION

4.1 THEORY OF OPERATION FOR TERRA ALTITUDE DIGITIZER

AT 3000 (MOD STATUS 4 UNITS AND BELOW)
The Altitude Digitizer AT 3000 consists of the following
functional sections:

1. Transducer
2. Analog Conditioning
3. AID Conversion
4. Grey Code Conversion
5. Output Circuitry
6. Oven
7. Output Activation
8. Power Supply

Refer to schematic 9-1100-0009-02 for the following circuit

descriptions.

1. Transducer - The transducer is a Motorola MPX100A. The

output of the transducer is proportional to the applied
voltage and is the differential signal between pin 2
and 4. The output voltage is approximately 10 mV at 0
Kp pressure and 70 mV at 100 Kp pressure (but, is
temperature dependent). The common VOltage on the
output is one-half of the applied voltage on pins 1 and
3.

2. Analog Conditioning - To amplify the transducer voltage

and provide a single ended output, an instrumentation
amplifier comprised of R26 and R32 and three sections
of U6 is used. R29 is used to set a gain of 5 and the
other resistors are carefully matched at the oven
operating temperature to provide common mode rejection.

The resistors R1 through R6 are used to develop a

reference voltage for the AID converter, and a bias
offset voltage (High Altitude adjustment R4), and to
set the transducer gain (Low Altitude adjustment R5).
All voltage will be linearly proportional to the 5 volt
supply voltage.

3. AID Conversion - An ICL7109 is used for AID conversion

with 12bits available on the output. To provide output
code AI, the most significant bit is used directly from
the AID output.

Since Al is activated above 14,800 feet, the gain and

bias pots in the analog conditioning circuitry are set

21

Island Enterprises
4.1 THEORY OF OPERATION (Continued)

so that A1 is deactivated over the -17 foot to 14,700

foot range. -1000 feet corresponds to maximum output
from the AID converter (all bits high). C3, C4, C5 and
R24 are parts of the analog circuitry in U1, and C1 and
R9 set the U1 clock frequency to 6SK Hz. R7, RS and C2
provide analog input filtering.

4. Grey Code Conversion - U2 is a 2K, EPROM programmed to

translate the AID converter output to grey code to
satisfy the FAA altimeter pressure chart.

5. Output Circuitry - Q4 through Q11, and Q14 provide

output drivers. For an active output the transistors
are conducting, and for inactive the transistors are
cut-off.

6. Oven - The transducer must be held at a constant

temperature in order to meet the altimeter stability
requirements. R33, R34, R35, R39 and D2 provide a
temperature sensitive bridge for monitoring transducer
temperature. R36 and part of I6 amplify the temper-
ature signal and control the heater elements Q1, R37
and R3S. D2 is external to the oven and provides open
loop correction.

7. Output Activation - To prevent erroneous altitude

indications while the oven temperature is stabilizing,
Q2, Q3, R21, R22, R23, R40 deactivate the I1 outputs
when the oven temperature is not within the operating
range. R11, R25 and Q13 deactivate the output PROM and
the A1 line at the same time.

S. Power Supply - The unit will operate from 10 to 32 vdc

on the input. C6 provides protection against line
transients and filtering for internal oscillator noise.
D3 provides protection against incorrect polarity
application and negative transients. R20, and D1 limit
the voltage on the input of I4 to 34V. C7, CS and I4
provide 5 volts regulated DC for the unit. I3, C9 and
C10 provide a negative supply for the unit.

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Island Enterprises
SECTION IV (A)
4A. THEORY OF OPERATION

4.1A THEORY OF OPERATION FOR TERRA ALTITUDE DIGITIZER

AT 3000 (MOD STATUS 5 UNITS AND ABOVE)

The Altitude Digitizer AT 3000 consists of the following

functional sections:

1. Transducer
2. Analog Conditioning
3. AID Conversion
4. Grey Code Conversion
:>. c uueput:~~(;ifcu.1.try
6. Oven
7. Output Activation
8. Power Supply

Refer to schematic 9-1100-0137-04 for the following circuit

descriptions.

1. Transducer - The transducer is a Motorola MPX100A. The

output of the transducer is proportional to the applied
voltage and is the differential signal between pin 2
and 4. The output voltage is approximately 10 mV at 0
Kp pressure and 70 mV at 100 Kp pressure (but, is
temperature dependent). The common voltage on the
0'.!tp'..!-t. .. i:::= . 3~e-nh~1;E. .$'£- ·"th~ ··appl·i~d~v01tage-oll-pin5 -x dnd--
3.

2. Analog Conditioning - To amplify the transducer voltage

and provide a single ended output, an instrumentation
amplifier comprised of R11 and R6 and three sections of
U2 is used. R3 is used to set a gain of 5 and the
other resistors are carefully matched at the oven
operating temperature to provide common mode rejection.

The resistors R101 through RI06 are used to develop a

reference voltage for the AID converter, and a bias
offset voltage (High Altitude adjustment R102), and to
set the transducer gain (Low Altitude adjustment RI03).
All voltage will be linearly proportional to the 5 volt
supply voltage.

3. AID Conversion - An ICL7109 is used for AID conversion

with 12bits available on the output. To provide output
code AI, the most significant bit is used directly from
the AID output.

Since Al is activated above 14,800 feet, the gain and

bias pots in the analog conditioning circuitry are set

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Island Enterprises
4.1A THEORY OF OPERATION (Continued)

so that Al is deactivated over the -17 foot to 14,700

foot range. -1000 feet corresponds to maximum output
from the AID converter (all bits high). C101, C102,
C103 and R107 are parts of the analog circuitry in
U101; C10S and R108 set the U101 clock frequency to
68KHz. RP101A & B, and C103 provide analog input
filtering.
4. Grev Code Conversion U102 is an Erasable
programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) or a PROM which
contains a "look-up" table accessed from the binary
output of the AID and converted to a grey code. The
conversion provides gray code to satisfy the FAA
altimeter pressure chart. The design of the Digital
board allows for 24 or 28 pin EPROM's. When a 24 pin
EPROM is used jumper JP101 is connected to +Sv, when a
28 pin EPROM is used the jumper is connected to ground.

S. Output Circuitry - U103, (a transistor array) Q104, and

Q10S provide output drivers. For an active output the
transistors are conducting, and for inactive the
transistors are cut-off.

6. Oven - The transducer must be held at a constant

temperature in order to meet the altimeter stability
requirements. R8, R9, RIO, RT1 and CR101 provide a
temperature sensitive bridge for monitoring transducer
temperature. R7 and part of U2 amplify the temperature
signal and control the heater elements Q1, Rl16 and
Rl17. CR101 is external to the oven and provides open
loop correction.

7. Output Activation To activate altitude indication

output, switched power must be applied to J1 pin 14 and
the oven must reach a stable temperature. To activate
digital output from the unit, U102 pin 22 (pin 20 on a
24 pin PROM) and U101 pin 19 must be low. The pins are
held high by RP101-D to +Sv power when Q102 is not
active (no current to the base). Base current to Q102
is applied from J-14 external switched voltage through
Rl19, regulated to Sv by zener CR106, and biased
through R11S when Q101 is not active. To prevent
erroneous altitude indications while the oven
temperature is stabilizing, Q101 is active through Rl13
and Rl14 while the oven temperature is not within
operating range.

8. Power Supply The unit will operate with input

voltage from 10 to 32 volts. C106 provides protection
against line transients and filtering for internal

24

Island Enterprises
4.1A THEORY OF OPERATION (Continued)

oscillator noise. CR103 and CR104 provide protection

against incorrect polarity application and negative
transients. CR105 and R120 in conjunction with Q106
provide protection for overvoltage surges. Voltage
regulator, U104, provides a regulated 5v to the board.
voltage inverter, U105, along with C109 and CI07
provides the -5v to the board.

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26

Island Enterprises
SECTION V

DEFINITIONS:

TPl = voltage at pin 14 of the sensor amplifier. (This pin is

the output.) This voltage is measured at two pressure altitudes: 30K'
and 0'.

TP5-TP6 = Voltage between TP5 and TP6 measured at two encoded

altitudes, 30K' and 0'.

dV14 = The range of sensor output voltage from 0 to 30K ft.

This voltage is calculated by: (TPl @ 30K')-(TP1 @ 0') =dV14

dVA/D = The input voltage range of the A/D converter needs to

indicate 30K and @ft. outputs. This voltage is calculated by:
dVA/D = (TP5-TP6 @ 30K')-(TP5-TP6 @ Oft.)

Ratio = The scaling factor needed to bring the sensor voltage

range equal to the A/D input voltage range.
Ratio = dVA!D
dV14

CV#l = #1 calculated voltage to set TP5 to at a pressure altitude of

30K'. CV#l = (TP1 @ 30K') x ratio

CV#2 = #2 calculated set voltage. CV#2 = CV#l - (TP5 - TP6 @ 30K')

The procedure is as follows:

AT 3000 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE

Step 1: Measure and record TPl to GND voltage at 0 ft.

pressure altitude.

Step 2: Measure and record TP5 - TP6 at 0 ft. encoded

altitude.

Step 3: Measure and record TP5 - TP6 at 30K ft. encoded

altitude.

Step 4: Measure and record TPl at 30K ft. pressure altitude.

Step 5: Calculate dV14 by subtracting the reading taken in

Step 4 from the reading taken in Step 1. In equation form
this step is: dV14 = (TP1 @ 30K') -(TPl @ 0 ft.)

Step 6: Calculate dVA/D by subtracting the reading taken in

Step 3 from the reading taken in Step 2. In equation form
this step is: dVA/D= (TP5 - TP6 @ 0 ft.) - (TP5 - TP6 @
30K')

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Island Enterprises
AT 3000 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE (Continued)

Step 7: Calculate the ratio by dividing dVA/D by dV14. In

equation form this is: ratio = dVA!D
dV14

Step 8: Calculate CV#l by multiplying the reading taken in

Step 4 by the ratio calculated in Step 7. In equation form
this is CV#l = (TP1 @ 30K') x ratio.

Step 9: Calculate CV#2 by subtracting the reading taken in

Step 3 from CV#l. In equation form this is:
CV#2 = CV#l - (TP5-TP6 @ 30K)

Step 10: Apply a 30K' pressure altitude to the AT 3000 and

adjust R-5 (0' pot) until the voltage at TP5 to GND is equal
to that calculated in Step 8.

Step 11: Adjust the voltage at TP6 to GND with R-4 (30K pot)
until it is equal to that calculated in Step 9.

Step 12: Check 29990/30000 and -100/0 transitions and adjust as

necessary using the 30K ft. and 0 ft. pots.
AT 3000 DATA SHEET

Step 1 : TP1 @ O'P

Step 2 : TP5 - TP6 @ O'E

Step 3 : TP5 - TP6 @ 30K'E

Step 4: TP1 @ 30K'P

Step 5 : dV14

Step 6 : dVA/D

Step 7 : Ratio

Step 8 : CV#l

Step 9 : CV#2

28

Island Enterprises
Island Enterprises
Island Enterprises
Island Enterprises
Island Enterprises
SECTION VII
7. AT 3000 PARTS LIST (MOD STATUS 4 UNITS AND BELOW)

Reference Descri12tion Terra Part

Symbol Number
C1 Capacitor, 68pf 9-1530-168-00
C2 Capacitor, .15uf 9-1528-515-00
C3 Capacitor, .33uf 9-1528-533-00
C4 Capacitor, .15uf 9-1528-515-00
C5 Capacitor, 1.0uf 9-1528-610-00
C6 Capacitor, 47uf 9-1515-747-00
C7 Capacitor, .01uf 9-1501-410-10
C8 Capacitor, 22uf 9-1517-722-00
C9 Capacitor, 22uf 9-1517-722-00
C10 Capacitor, 22uf 9-1517-722-00
CR1 Diode, 1N5364 9-4814-163-00
CR2 Diode, 1N4148 9-4812-126-00
CR3 Diode, 1N4003 9-4812-106-00
CR4 Diode, 1N4753 9-4814-162-00
CR5 Diode, 1N4733A 9-4814-136-00

U1 IC, ICL7109CPL 9-3130-918-00

U2 ASSYiIC 2716 W/AT 3000
TRUTH TABLE 1900-0532-00
U3 IC, ICL7660CPA 9-3130-917-00
U4 IC, UA78050C 9-3130-919-00
15 SEE XDUCER ASSY.
16 SEE XDUCER ASSY.

J1 CONN, 15pin 9-2190-170-00

Q1 SEE XDUCER ASSY.

02 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
Q3 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
Q4 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
Q5 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
06 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
07 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
08 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
Q9 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
010 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
011 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
012 NOT USED
013 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
Q14 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
Q15 IFR520 9-4851-107-00

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Island Enterprises
7. AT 3000 PARTS LIST (MOD STATUS 4 UNITS AND BELOW) Continued
Reference Description Terra Part
Symbol Number

R1 Res, 332K, 1% 9-4730-633-20

R2 Res, 10K, 1% 9-4730-510-00
R3 Res, 150K, 1% 9-4730-615-10
R4 Pot, 10K 9-4782-710-00
R5 Pot, 10K 9-4782-710-00
R6 Res, l2.1K, 1% 9-4730-512-10
R7 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R8 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R9 Res, lOOK 9-4711-610-20
RIO NOT USED
Rl1 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R12 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R13 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R14 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R15 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R16 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R17 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R18 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R19 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R20 Res, 220hm 9-4712-222-20
R2l Res, 27K 9-4711-527-20
R22 Res, 56K 9-4711-556-20
R23 Res, 47K 9-4711-547-20
R24 Res, 22K 9-4711-522-20
R25 Res, 3.3K 9-4711-433-20
*R26
*R27
*R28
*R29
*R30
*R3l
*R32
*R33
*R34
*R35
*R36
R37 Res, 220hm 9-4711-222-20
R38 Res, 220hm 9-4711-222-20
*R39
R40 Res, 10K 9-4711-510-20
R41 Res, 5.6K 9-4711-456-20
R42 Res, 2.7K 9-4711-427-20
R43 Res, 4700hm 9-4711-347-20

* SEE XDUCER ASSY.

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Island Enterprises
7. AT 3000 PARTS LIST (MOD STATUS 4 UNITS AND BELOW) Continued

TRANSDUCER OVEN ASSEMBLY:

For units prior to SiN 4583 and units with unpotted transducer oven,
these parts are used.

15 XDUCER, MPX 100 NOT AVAILABLE

16 IC, TL084 9-3130-937-00
Q1 TIP 31C 9-4835-282-10
R26 RES, 12.1K 1% 9-4730-512-20
R27 RES, 12.1K 1% 9-4730-512-20
R28 RES, 12.1K 1% 9-4730-512-20
R29 RES, 6.04K 9-4730-460-40
R30 RES, 12.1K 1% 9-4730-512-20
R31 RES, 12.1K 1% 9-4730-512-20
R32 RES, 12.1K 1% 9-4730-512-20
R33 RES, 4.02K 1% 9-4730-440-20
R34 RES, 10K 1% 9-4730-510-00
R35 RES, 10K 1% 9-4730-510-00
R36 RES, 220K 9-4711-622-20
R39 THERMISTOR, JT43JT 9-4741-400-00

For units from SiN 4583 and above or units with

potted transducer oven use, ported xducer
oven assy. 1900-0258-00

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40

Island Enterprises
SECTION VII (A)
7A. AT 3000 PARTS LIST (MOD STATUS 5 UNITS AND ABOVE)

AT300 DIGITIZER MAIN BOARD

Reference DescriI2tion Terra Part
Symbol Number
C101 Cap, Polycarb, 0.33uF 9-1528-533-00
C102 Cap, Polycarb, 0.15uF 9-1528-515-00
C103 Cap, Tant,Tub,0.luF,20%, 35v 9-1511-510-00
C104 Cap, Polycarb, 1.0uF 9-1528-610-00
C105 Cap, Mica, 68pF, 5% 9-1530-168-00
C106 Cap, Elec, 47uF, 50V 9-1515-747-00
C107 Cap, Elec, 22uF, 16V 9-1515-722-00
C108 Cap, Elec, 22uF, 16V 9-1515-722-00
C109 Cap, Elec, 22uF, 16V 9-1515-722-00
CR101 Diode, 1N4148 9-4812-126-00
CR102 Diode, Zener, 5 .1V, 1N4733A 9-4814-136-00
CR103 Diode, 1N4003 9-4812-106-00
CR104 Diode, 1N4003 9-4812-106-00
CR105 Diode, Zener, 1N4753, 36V 1W 9-4814-162-00
CR106 Diode, Zener, 5.1V 1N4733A 9-4814-136-00
Q101 Xstr, 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
Q102 Xstr, 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
Q103 Xstr, 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
Q104 Xstr, 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
Q105 Xstr, 2N4400 9-4835-283-00
Q106 Xstr, IRF-520 9-4851-107-00

R101 Res; 150K Ohm, 1/4W, 1% 9-4730-615-10

R102 Pot Trim 10K 9-4782-710-00
R103 Pot Trim 10K 9-4782-710-00
R104 Res; 12.1K Ohm, 1/4W, 1% 9-4730-512-10
R105 Res; 332K Ohm, 1/4W, 1% 9-4730-633-20
R106 Res; 10.0K Ohm, 1/4W, 1% 9-4730-510-00
R107 Res; 22K Ohm, CF, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-522-20
R108 Res; lOOK Ohm, CF, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-610-20
R109 Res; 2700 Ohm, CF, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-427-20
R110 Res; 2700 Ohm, CF, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-427-20
RIll Res; 2700 Ohm, CF, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-427-20
Rl12 Res; 2700 Ohm, CF, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-427-20
Rl13 Res; 27K Ohm, CF, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-527-20
Rl14 Res; 56K Ohm, CF, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-556-20
Rl15 Res; 47K Ohm, CF, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-547-20
R1l6 Res; 22K Ohm, CF, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-222-20
Rl17 Res; 22K Ohm, CF, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-222-20
R1l8 Res; 22K Ohm, 1/2W, 5% 9-4711-222-20
Rl19 Res; 2700 Ohm, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-427-20

41

Island Enterprises
7A. AT 3000 PARTS LIST (MOD STATUS 5 UNITS AND ABOVE) Continued

AT300 DIGITIZER MAIN BOARD

Reference Description Terra Part

Symbol Number

R120 Res; 470 Ohm, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-347-20

R121 Res; 5600 Ohm, 1/4W, 5% 9-4711-456-20

RP101 Res; 10K Network, 8-Pin 9-4742-510-04

U101 IC; ICL 7109CPL 9-3130-918-00

U102 Assy; IC, Prom W/AT3000 Sftw 1900-0574-00
U103 IC; Transistor array, ULN2300 9-3130-200-30
U104 IC; LM7805, 5V Voltage Reg. 9-3130-919-30
U105 IC; ICL 7660CPA 9-3130-919-30

1 Conn; "D"-15P, Male, RA 9-2190-214-00

1 PCB; Alt. Dig. 9-2190-214-00

JP101 5in Buss wire; 22 Awg 9-6050-220-00

Schematic; AT3000 9-1100-0317-04

Component Locator 7050-0062-03

AT3000 XDUCER OVEN W/HEADER

Q1 Xstr; TIP 31C 9-4835-282-10

R1 Res; 12.1K Ohm, 0.1% 1/4W 9-4730-512-20

R2 Res; 12.1K Ohm, 0.1% 1/4W 9-4730-512-20
R3 Res; 6.98K Ohm, 1%, 1/4W 9-4730-469-80
R4 Res; 12.1K Ohm, 0.1% 1/4W 9-4730-512-20
R5 Res; 12.1K Ohm, 0.1% 1/4W 9-4730-512-20
R6 Res; 12.1K Ohm, 0.1% 1/4W 9-4730-512-20
R7 Res; 150K Ohm, CF, 1/4W 5% 9-4711-615-20
R8 Res; 10.0K Ohm, MF, 1/4W 1% 9-4730-510-00
R9 Res; 10.0K Ohm, MF, 1/4W 1% 9-4730-510-00
RIO Res; 6.8K Ohm, CF, 1/4W 5% 9-4711-468-20
R11 Res; 12.1K Ohm, 0.1% 1/4W MF 9-4730-512-20

RT1 Thermistor; 30K Ohm 9-4741-400-00

U1 Xducer;absolute pressure 0-15 9-4899-101-00

U2 IC; TL084 9~3130-937-00

1 PCB; Xducer oven 7010-0061-02

1 Insulator; Mica, TO-220 2185-0001-000
1 Header; Male, Single Row RT 9-2185-185-02
1 Header; Male, Single Row RT 9-2185-185-04
1 MS; 4-40 X 3/16, PHP, S.S. 9-2804-038-25

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Island Enterprises
7A. AT 3000 PARTS LIST (MOD STATUS 5 UNITS AND ABOVE) Continued
AT3000 XDUCER OVEN W/HEADER

Reference Description Terra Part

Symbol Number

1 Washer, Nylon shoulder .115ID 9-2870-209-00

1 Heatsink; AT3000 9010-6500-01
1 Rod; Alum, .625, 6061-T6 9-3282-024-10

Schematic; AT3000 9-1100-0317-04

Component Locator 7050-0061-02

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44

Island Enterprises
SECTION VIII
8. WARRANTY

THREE-YEAR UMITED WARRANTY

TERRA Avionics Corp.
What does your warranty cover?
Any defect in materials or workmanship of Terra equipment.
This warranty applies only to equipment sold after January 1, 1993.

How does your warranty become effective?

Your warranty does not become effective unless you mail your completed Warranty Registration card to us within 15 days after installation of your Terra
equipment.

For how long?

Three years from date of original installation of the equipment, but not more than four years from date of purchase.
If you receive repair or replacement of equipment under this warranty, the warranty remains in effect on the repaired or replaced equipment for the
remainder of the original three-year term.

What will we do to correct problems?

Repair any equipment found to be defective in materials or workmanship.
If we choose, we may replace the equipment rather than repairing it.
We will be responsible for the cost of labor and materials for repair or replacement of any equipment found to be defective in materials or workmanship.

How do you make a warranty claim?

Contact your nearest AUthorized Terra Dealer for repair or replacement of any equipment defective in materials or workmanship.
If directed by your Authorized Terra Dealer, or if you are unable to contact a Terra dealer, send the eqUipment to our factory:
Properly pack your eqUipment, we recommend using the original container and packing materials.
Include in the package a copy of the sales receipt or other evidence of date of original purchase and installation. If the equipment was a gift, provide a
statement specifying the date received and installed. Also print your name, address, daytime telephone number, and a description of the defect.
Ship the equipment UPS or equivalent. You must prepay the shipping charges. Ship to:
Terra Avionics Corporation
3520 Pan American Freeway NE
Albuquerque. NM 87107-4796
(505) 884-2321 Phone (505) 884-2384 FAX
We will pay surface shipping charges to return the equipment to you.

What does your warranty not cover?

Terra equipment purchased·As New" from other than an AUthorized Terra Dealer or Distributor.
Malfunctions or failures resulting from the way the equipment was installed or from installation not in accordance with factory instructions.
Certificated Aircraft: Installation by other than an FAA Repair Station (USA), approved installation facility (non-USA) and/or without
- Appropriate air-worthiness approval(s) as required by governing aviation authority;
- Form 337;
- logbook entry.
Experimental Category Aircraft: Installation without
Appropriate air-worthiness approval(s) as required by governing aviation aUthority;
- Form 813O-(x).
- Logbook entry.
Fuses and batteries.
Use of equipment for purposes other than those for which is was designed.
Accidental or deliberate damage, alterations of any kind, inadequate storage or maintenance.
Warranty repair by anyone other than Terra Avionics Corp. or Terra Authorized Dealer with factory approval.

For conditions not covered by this warranty, you will receive an estimate of costs before the repair is initiated. Repairs will be billed to you at the normal repair
rates of the facility that performs the repairs.

Are there any other limitations or exclusions?

Any implied warranties are in effect only as long as this warranty is in effect.
This warranty does not cover incidental or consequential damages such as damage to other equipment or to your aircraft that results from defects
covered by this warranty.
Some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, or allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so
the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.

How does state law relate to this warranty?

This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.

Island Enterprises