Advanced Programming - Java

Dr. Hikmat A. M. AbdelJaber

 GUI enables you to interact friendly with application.
 Java provides several GUI components (controls)
inherited from class JComponent including JLabel,
JTextField, JButton, JCheckBox, JRadioButton,
JComboBox, JList, JMenu, JFileChooser, JDialog,
JPanel, JFrame, etc.
 GUI components = controls = widgets (windowgadgets)
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class Addition

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String firstNumber = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter first number");
String secondNumber = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter second number");

int number1 = Integer.parseInt(firstNumber);

int number2 = Integer.parseInt(secondNumber);
int sum = number1 + number2;

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "The sum is “ + sum

,"Sum of two integers", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
}
}
 Output
 Note: if you type non-integer value or click Cancel
button then run-time error will occur.
 showInputDialog and showMessageDialog methods are
used for I/O.
 parseInt method of the class Integer is used to convert
String to int value.
 null in showMessageDialog determines where to
position the dialog box (null indicates the dialog should
appear in the center of screen).
 Types of message dialog:

(default)
 Some swing GUI components: JLabel, JTextField,
Jbutton, JCheckBox, JComboBox, JList, Jpanel, …
 (Swing vs. AWT)
swing components are more portable than the AWT
components (applicant’s Feel-and-Look is same on
different platforms).
 (Lightweight vs. Heavyweight GUI Components)
Unlike AWT components, most swing components are
lightweight because they are not tied (not relied) on the
local platform’s Windowing system.
 (Superclass of swing components (JComponent))
Object
Component
Container Java.awt (heavyweight)
JComponent Javax.swing (lightweight)
Superclass of all lightweight components

 (Some features of JComponents)

 Pluggable Feel-and-Look.
 Mnemonics (shortcut keys).
 Tool tips (component description).
 Support for user-interface localization (display in
different languages).
JLabel component
 We will develop a project to create label with
1. text 2. image 3. text and image
 The project contains two programs (two classes):
1. One class uses JLabel component that extends JFrame
2. Another class for testing the first program (application)
import java.awt.FlowLayout; First Program
import javax.swing.Icon; LabelFrame.java
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;

public class LabelFrame extends JFrame

{
private JLabel label1;
private JLabel label2;
private JLabel label3;

public LabelFrame()
{
super("Testing JLabel");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
label1 = new JLabel ("Label with text");
label1.setToolTipText("This is label 1");
add(label1);

Icon pic = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("\\images\\cat.gif"));

label2 = new JLabel(pic);
label2.setToolTipText("This is label 2");
add(label2);

label3 = new JLabel();

label3.setText("Label with text and icon at bottom");
label3.setIcon(pic);
label3.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.CENTER);
label3.setVerticalTextPosition(SwingConstants.BOTTOM);
label3.setToolTipText("This is label 3");
add(label3);
} // end constructor
} // end class LabelFrame
import javax.swing.JFrame; Second Program
LabelTest.java
public class LabelTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
LabelFrame labelframe = new LabelFrame();
labelframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
labelframe.setSize(650, 400); // you can use setBound
labelframe.setVisible(true);
} // end main
} // end class LabelTest
Output
 JLabel is a subclass of JComponent.
 Layout Managers: help you position components.
 Types: FlowLayout: components are placed on a
container from left to right.
 setLayout is inherited indirectly from Container class.
 setToolTipText is inherited from JComponent class.
 add is used to add components to JFrame. It is inherited
indirectly from Container class.
 Icon is interface which manipulates icons.
 ImageIcon is used to locate and load images such as:
gif, jpg, jpeg, png.
 ImageIcon is a class implements interface Icon.
This means that ImageIcon is an Icon.
superclass subclass

Icon pic = new ImageIcon(…);

 getClass retrieves a reference represent the current class.
It is inherited from class Object.
 getResource returns the location of the image as URL.
The class ImageIcon uses this URL to locate the image
then loads it into memory.
 setText and setIcon are JLabel methods.
 setHorizontalTextPosition and setVerticalTextPosition
are JLabel methods use constants from SwingConstants.
For Horizontal Alignment: LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT.
For Vertical Alignment: TOP, CENTER, BOTTOM.
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class GUI_Components extends JFrame

{
public GUI_Components()
{
super("Displaying GUI components");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());

JTextField textField = new JTextField("This is Text Field");

add(textField);

JButton button = new JButton("This is Button");

add(button);

JCheckBox checkBox = new JCheckBox("This is Check Box");

add(checkBox);

JRadioButton radioButton = new JRadioButton("This is Radio Button");

add(radioButton);
JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();
comboBox.addItem("Computer Science");
comboBox.addItem("Computer Engineering");
comboBox.addItem("Information System");
add(comboBox);

String[] colorNames = {"Black", "Blue", "Red", "Green", "Yellow", "White"};

JList list = new JList(colorNames);
list.setVisibleRowCount(3);
list.setSelectionMode(ListSelectionModel.SINGLE_SELECTION);
add(new JScrollPane(list));
} // end constructor
public static void main(String[] args)
{
GUI_Components gui = new GUI_Components();
gui.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
gui.setBounds(300, 200, 900, 200);
gui.setVisible(true);
} // end main
} // end class