Electric Potential and Capacitance Relation between Electric Field & Electric Potential

Electric Potential : Electric potential at a point is defined as ⑭ Uniform Electric Field

amount of work done in from -E 7
bringing a unit positive charge Next (1-2)
2 - V,
=
>
infinity to that point against electrostatic field .

Fexty f
To
i e V=
.

Next Next-keof ⑭St is a scalar quantity .

⑭ >

Ve-V, =
Fext Au
volt or J/C
>
-S1 unit is
7
qo
⑭Electric Potential difference : between two point is defined as
Here Ex-E =
-G E AV =
-G E AT .
DV = -
E D
.

the amount of work done required to move a unit the test

. -

90

charge from one point to other point against electrostatic field

. ⑭ Non-Uniform Electric Field

-B VA-YB Next ~
E
& =

Go

o
Go re
D dV = -E di .

# Electric potential due to a point charge

r P
V =
q
y V =
Lege de .

⑭ ⑪
q Go
r
,
4 EoN
Point (Source) In Cartesian form

charge = Ex + Ey + E F xY + yy + Zk
=

# Electric Potential due to group of charges : The electric potential d dai + dy

=
+ dz
at point due to a 94
a
group of charges ql IAV = -

EoDF -Endx-Eydy-Ezdz
=

⑪ ↳
is equal to the
algebraic sum of the

electric potentials due to individual

r P Partially differentiate

charges Ex-S Ey -Cy Ez 2

=
at that point.
=
rz
-

92 r2 2z
V V+ V2 + Ve a ,
=

, ⑭

E is
Note : Negative sign shows that the direction of the

# Electric Potential due to an electric dipole direction of decreasing potential .

P At axial point

j
⑭

V =
P Electric Potential Energy : The amount of work done required to
p
4 Eor2 assemble the point charges in a
system from
infinity against
-

q
↑ O % +9
At
CRPD I ⑭ "I · equatorial point electrostatic field is called electrostatic potential energy .

& 2a -
Electric Potential energy of
-
V= 0 a system of two point charges .

Me
U = + 9 , 92 distance between 9 and 92
42 =

Electric potential at Acoso 4 iTE YIz

any point Y =
kpcoso = .

Sunil Jangra Physics

12 4 Er2 Electric Potential
energy of a
system ofn point charges .

A Kg e
I Equipotential Surface : A surface on which the electric U =

potential is constant is known as equipotential surface

.

Properties of an equipotential Surface

=>
Electric field lines are
always perpendicular to an ⑭ Potential Energy of a
system of two point charge in

equipotential surface. external field : - (9 ,, 92)

=>
Work done in
moving an electric
charge from one point q
(Fl //-s
(2 ↳

, ④
q2
to another on an equipotential surface is zero
. r
,2

-
Two equipotential surfaces can never intersect one The amount of work done to carry charge a from
infinity to

another
. position vector T .
W
,
=
9 (i) (G) - Potential due External
for Equipotential surface
,
the single field .

charge. due to dipole .

Now the amount of work done to

carry charge9 from infinity
< >
to position vector (i) We 9,V(E2)
=

Also the work done

against the field due to 9 , is given by
W

kg = 92
>
-
V(E) - Potential due to ext. field .

4xE4, 2

Total work done =

W , +We+
Ig 9 v(π)
=

,
+
92V(E) + 9492
For Uniform 41iEV12
Electric This amount of work done is stored in terms of potential energy
.
field
. in U= 9 , V (F) + 92V(E2) + &
4
iEY, 2
# Electrostatics of Conductors - means behaviour of conductor Effect of dielectric

in an electric field. When a conductor is placed in electric E E E Ei

=
-

E =
E·
T
L
field , then I & Q
following points are observed. > +
-

- ·
V Ed
Ed
V
=
Ei
= =
·
The free the surface of conductor
>
charges reside over Ei t
-
-
.

7
t
-The net charge inside the conductor is
-

Zero
.
V C

↓ 4 q C KC
> = = = =

>
-

Inside a conductor electric field is Zero .

3
, >
Er
dielectric
-

>
-

There is no electric lines of force inside theConductor .

Electric field at the surface of Capacitance of Parallel plate capacitor with dielectric slab
>
-

a
charged conductor is given a

by E Y Surface density - of dielectric constant

=
=

charge K
=
in
Unit Vector
outward
Normal

direction
.
to the surface
+ Eo--G Partially filled
Completely filled
t C EoA
KEd
C
-

= =

The electric field is normal surface of t d t

the
charge t
>
-

over
-
-

+
#
.

K E
t
>
-

The electric potential inside the conductor and over its surface
-

t Metallic Conductor K = w

remains same
.
-

t
Electrostatic
*
C
shielding : St is the phenomenon of protecting Eo
-

a certain region of space from external electric field. s d

- +
--

D Dielectric-Dielectrics non-conducting substances

are .

Combination of Capacitors
They have no (or negligible number of) charge carriers· Series + C2 3 c
Q & V2 V
=
V= V =
V +
+

+ ,

↳ Polar molecule : A polar molecule is one in which the centre V V2+ Vz-
↓=
+ -
+ +

+
,

positive separated (even when there 9 +

of and
negative charges are +

+ >
-

is no external field)) A polar molecule has a permanent dipole V

moment.
e.g water (H2O) and HCI
Parallel -c ,
,
-Non-Polar Molecule A non-polar molecule is in which the CV9 9
08 92 + 0
: one V c = = = +
,

centers of B
positive and negative charges C
+
coincide .
A non-polar V
, -

molecule has no permanent dipole moment e 02 &H2 C C C2 Cz

g +
=
+
. .

183 s
,
V
↓ Dielectric Polarization =
Electric dipole moment ⑨
Volume

= EoKE Xe susceptibility of the dielectric medium .

Sunil Jangra Physics

capacitors charged ⑭When two to different potentials are

Capacitance : Capacitance (C) of a capacitor is the ratio of

by conducting connected a wire
.
① ②
charge (B) given and the potential (v) to which it is raised .
↳
charge flows from the one at
higher m

ie
&
c =
S1 unit >
-

farad (F) . potential to other at lower potential till

their potentials become equal .

Then Common Potential (V)
+ +
q
Capacitance of a spherical conductor
+
t
V= total
charge = C , V, + CeV2
r
#Got total Capacity C
,
+ C2

for Earth + =
B =
6400km =
6
04 x 10 m -
+
& Some
energy is lost in this process in the form of Heat .
Which
+
i e C =
TluF
+
is given by U
-U2 = C, C (V -Ve)
,

2(C, + (2)
Capacitor : A condenser or a capacitor is a device that stores
↳
Energy stored in Capacitor
a ↳ Energy density
.It
electric
charge is consists of two conductors separated by =
E
UICV +DV t
U U E
=
= = =
U .

an insulator dielectric The two conductors &

or
carry equal Volume
.

+.
-

opposite charges #B O
⑤
.
Vi +
~

V2
When a dielectric slab of dielectric constant K introduced
↳ NOTE : Charge on Capacitor is + -

between the plates of a

charged parallel plate capacitor.
-

equal to the charge on

+ve plate/conductors.
⑪ Battery remains connected Battery is disconnected .

⑭Capacitance of an air filled parallel plates capacitor .

↳V =
Vo (P D remains constant)
.
Q-Q I remains same (
+9 - ↳ C =
KCo (C 4es) ↳ C =
KCo (C Yes)
t -

C EoA Q KQ ( & 4es) ↳ (PoD Pes)

4
=
↳ =
.
V =

t -

*
air d (remains
-
↳ E =
Eo unchanged
=
=
U (Energy (bes) 4 U
U(bes
↳ =
KU .
.
4es) E =
Eo =
.