CH-6 Electromagnetic Induction ↳ When a current carrying coil is moved towards a

stationary
-Magnetic flux : The number of magnetic lines of force crossing a coil , the direction of current induced in
stationary coil is as

surface is known magnetic flux linked

as with that surface
. Shown in figure .

9t is given by PT F BACOSO . =

mes mes
↳ strength of magnetic field If Area of surface
=

A π 0 A *
a field direction
· =angle between normal to area stationary
-
+

↳ In case of coil of N turns P NBACOSP G

a area A having =

flux is quantity ↳ When carrying coil is moved away from

↳
Magnetic a scalar :
a current a

4 Si unit is weber 4) Dimension >

-

[MLT2A"] stationary coil

↳ CGS unit is Maxwell mes mes
↳I weber = 108 maxwell *
A X * #

1 Electromagnetic Induction -
+

G -
Stationary
It is the phenomenon of generating an emf
by changing
the number of magnetic lines of force (ie magnetic flux) ↳ When Current in a straight conductor AB is increased ,

associated with the circuit The emt .

so generated is known induced current in loop will be in clockwise direction as shown

as induced emf If the circuit is closed

.

,
the current which in figure. <

1 *
flows in it due to induced emt is known as induced current Anticlockwise
*
A B A B
&
Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction >

current
>

current
1) First law : Whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked (Increasing) (decreasing)
with a circuit changes ,
an emf is induced in the circuit .

This induced emt persists as long as the change in Motional E MoF .

: When a conducting rod of length 1, moves

magnetic flux continues

. with a velocity v perpendicular to a uniform magnetic
field B , the inducedemf across its ends is

. Second law
2 : The magnitude of the induced emt is equal to 13) =
Bly .
This emf is known as motional emf .

the time rate of change of magnetic flux

.
x X X x X X X
B
mathematically if the rod makes
Ec
do or 3
-d. an
angle o
=

* X X xA x X x

with the direction of the field ,

**** x
* X >

direction of
-

↳ Negative Sign indicates the E .

I
then induced emf is
* X

-Lenz's Law : This law gives us the direction of induced x x x 13 =

Bulsino
* Ax
x X X

emf .

According to this law , the direction of induced emt X

x X X x

Sunil Jangra Physics

1 is rotated perpendicular
in a circuit is such that it opposes the change magnetic conducting
in When a rod of length
flux responsible for its production :

magnetic to a uniform field B , then induced emt between the

↳ Lenz's law is in accordance with the principle of ends of the rod is X >
-

X k X X
B
conservation of energy
. 18 Boul = 250
X X Xco x &X
2 ⑭

-X
- Fleming's right hand rule : E =
B(2(W) = BOMe =
BUA
X X
P
k
l
X

Thrust or 2
X X X X X

E
Magn ne
& numb

Motio
2
A =
,f
X X
X X X

Induced
·
i,
(

Current ↳ ⑭When a conducting solid disc of radius r is rotating

central
finger
.
-T
!
-- j with

perpendicular
a uniform angular velocity
to a uniform magnetic
o with

field B
its

,
plane
the emt

induced between the centre

c x x X

Application of Lenz's law and rim of disc is

X X X rx

13) =
Bour =
BOA · A

:
X x X x
2

&
↳
Y
E X X
&I
Inductor
&
I
⑭

iD
-
Motions
-
An inductor is a device for storing energy in a
magnetic

potion
#
field. An inductor is inductance e.
#

generally called as
D
In usual practice a or solenoid is treated coil as inductor .

It is denoted by symbol
mes
Self Induction : Whenever the current passing through a coil Coefficient of coupling is maximum , when the two coils are

or circuit changes ,
the magnetic flux linked with it will also wound on each other on a soft iron core.

change . As result of this emt is induced in the coil

XXX
a ,
an or

the circuit which opposes the change that causes it .

This phenomenon is known as self induction o the emt

induced is known as self induced emt or back emt -

Coefficient of coupling is also large Coefficient coupling is
- When a current i flows through a coil and $ is the when two coils are placed so as to minimum when the two

magnetic flux linked with the coil ,

then have a common axis but less than
,
coils are placed such that

P ci = 0 = Li L =
Coefficient of self induction when they are wound on each other their axes are perpendicular
or self inductance of the coil :
to each other .

my me
& ver
>
The self induced emt is
-

E
-d L SI unit of L henry (H)
= = - =

Dimensions of 1 =
[ML2 +2A- 2]
Self Inductance of an air cored solenoid The coefficient of mutual Inductance of two long co-axial

magnetic field produced inside it solenoid , each of length 1 , area of cross section A wound on

le
,
↓

-
is given by air core is M = MoN , NzA N, & N are total numbers of
O
A

Li turns per I turns of the two solenoid

# B =
Moni H= .

S l *
zit length Combination of Inductances

magnetic flux linked with it is Series Combination

so
H
n =

↳ ↳2
I
P NBA COSO
=

mer mes Leg

=
L
, +Le if M =
0

= Melonia = P =
Mon'liA
# - When fluxes get added

# MoMA 4'l + if MFO then Leg 12 12M

= = L =
1. = L +
·- When Fluxes
,
get subtracted
>
-

When a
magnetic material of relative permeability Mr Parallel Combination
↳I
is filled inside the core of solenoid
Ett
its self inductance L if M =
, -

Mex
increases to
L =
Moll , PlA
-

M =

( =
42-M2 IfMFO
L2
↳, + L I2M
Mutual Induction : Whenever the current passing through a

coil or circuit changes ,

the magnetic flux linked with a
Energy stored in an inductor

Sunil Jangra Physicsflows through

neighbouring coil or circuit will also change · Hence an When a current i an inductor , the energy
ent will be induced in the neighbouring coil
given by circuit stored in it is U Li2
or
=*
.

This phenomenon is known as mutual induction .

The coil or circuit in which the current changes is known A C Generator :

.
A generator produces electrical energy from
as
primary while the other in which emf is setup is known mechanical work , just the opposite of what a motor does .

as secondary
. Principle : Electromagnetic Induction
Emof induced in the coil
·Belle mer E =
NBAWSincot

primary Coil secondary coil -

or E Esincot
=

↳ Let ip be the current flowing through primary coil at any instant where E = NBAC is the
if $s is the flux linked with secondary coil then maximum or peak value of
induced emf
Oscip or Ds =
Mip
.

where M =
Coefficient of Mutual inductance of the two coils - N =
no .
of turns in Coil
↳The emt induced in the secondary coil given by B =
magnetic field .

Es -Mdip SI unit Of M Henry (H)

=

it
Dimension = [M +-]

Coefficient of coupling (K) : of two coils is a measure of

the between the two coils and is given by

coupling

↳ Olaare coefficients ofselfinductancetual

inductance of the two coils
-