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SEMI-DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Lesson 5.1. Propositions and Symbols

Prepared by: Checked by:

NELLY ROSE C. MORTIZ JOHN LESTER A. CALANDINGAN

Pre-Service Teacher Cooperating Teacher
CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of propositional logic; syllogisms and
fallacies.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner is able to judiciously apply logic in real-life arguments.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Illustrates a proposition, symbolizes propositions and distinguishes between simple and compound
propositions. M11GM-IIg-1, M11GM-IIg-2 and M11GM-IIg-3.
I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion, the learners should be able to;
a. Understand the concept of proposition.
b. Distinguish between simple and compound proposition.
c. Symbolize propositions and write statements in symbolic form.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Propositions and Symbols
Materials: Visual Aids, and markers
Reference: General Mathematics (pp. 266-277) by Orlando A. Oronce
Values Integration: Fair and Just

III. PROCEDURE
Teachers’ Activity Learners’ Activity
Preliminaries
 Classroom Management
(Students will arrange their chairs
“Before our class starts, kindly arrange your chairs properly
and pick up pieces of garbage on
and pick-up any pieces of trash on the floor and put it directly
the floor)
into the trash bin”
 Prayer
“Everybody stands for a prayer”
(Everybody will stand for the prayer)

 Greetings
“Good afternoon class!” “How was your day?” Good afternoon Ms. Nelly!

 Checking of Attendance
“Classroom secretary, please kindly list down all the (Classroom secretary will list down
absentees this afternoon and give it to me right after the absentees)
our discussion!”
A. ACTIVITY

a. Review
(The teacher will ask about types of sentences structure) (Students response)

“Class, can you still recall what are the types of sentences “familiar ma’am”
structure?”

Alright…
When we say types of sentences structure, these are: “……………”
Simple sentence
Compound sentence
Complex sentence and
Compound-complex sentence
We also have types of sentences according to the purpose of
the speaker or writer. “NO Ma’am!”
“Do you know what are those?”
For us to know these let’s discover it through an activity. “YES Ma’am!”
“Are you ready?”
”
b. Drill (ARRANGE ME!) (3 minutes)
 The teacher will show a scrambled letters.
 The students’ task is to arrange it to form a word or (Students participate)
phrase.
Scrambled letters:
1. EDCALRAIVET ESNTENCE
2. PERAIVTEM ESNETNCE
3. NITERRGOATVIE SENETNCE
4. EXLCAAMOTYR SNETCNEE

c. Motivation (Make a sentence!) (3 minutes)

Instructions:
ù The teacher will call a student randomly by asking a
number from 1-29. (Students participate actively)
ù The students’ task is to create a sentence out of the
discovered types of sentences from the activity earlier.
ù The activity should be done in 3 minutes.

Mechanics:
a)The class will be
divided into two
groups.
b)The group will (Students will actively participate)

choose a RUNNER
who will go in front to
guess the word that is
presented by the
pictures projected in
the TV.
c)If the answer is
correct, 1 point will be
given to the group
where the member
belongs.
d)The group who got
3 points will be the
winner.
Mechanics:
a)The class will be
divided into two
groups.
b)The group will
choose a RUNNER
who will go in front to
guess the word that is
presented by the
pictures projected in
the TV.
c)If the answer is
correct, 1 point will be
given to the group
where the member
belongs.
d)The group who got
3 points will be the
win
a. Activity Proper “True, False, Stand Up!” (3 minutes)
Instruction:
The teacher will tell the student that answering TRUE,
means standing up and answering FALSE, means
sitting down.
For example:
1. Math is Fun.
2. Roses are red.
Sentences:
 Rowena is passing in Mathematics.
 December 3 is Sunday.
 Students submit their projects on time.
 5+3=8 and 12-7=5.
 ICT students are good students.
B. ANALYSIS
The teacher will ask the following questions.
1. Were you able to distinguish what is true from what is (Random student will answer)
false?
2. What made you say that those sentences are true or (Random students will answer)
false?
3. What do you think a sentence that can be classified as (Random students will answer)
true of false is called?
C. ABSTRACTION

When we add the Proposition is a declarative

principal and the sentence that can be classified as

true or false, but not both.

interest we
called it Maturity
Values and we (Students pay attention to details)

write it in form
of S=P+ I
(The teacher will instruct the students to read the definition of
Proposition)

For example: Decide whether each of the following is a

proposition or not.
a) The number 4 is even and less than 12.
b) Malolos is the capital of Bulacan.
(Students pay attention to details)
c) How old are you?
d) Open your eyes.
e) Aaron’s solution is incorrect.

Two Types of Propositions

1. Simple Proposition- a proposition that
conveys one thought with no connecting words.
2. Compound Proposition- contains two or more
simple propositions that are put together using
connective words.
Simple: Rowena is passing in Mathematics.
Compound: Rowena is passing in Mathematics and she is
failing in Social Science.

TYPES OF COMPOUND PROPOSITION

(Students pay attention to details)
Logical connectives or connectives (and, or, not, if… then,
and iff)
a. Conjunction two simple proposition connected using the
word and.
Ex. Today is Friday and tomorrow is Sunday.
b. Disjunction two simple proposition that are connected
using the word or.
Ex. I will pass the Math exam or I will be promoted.
c. Conditional two simple propositions that are connected
using the words if…then.
Ex. If you will recite the poem, then you will pass the oral “None ma’am”
examination. The statement between if and then is called the
antecedent. The sentence that follows Then is called
consequent.
d. Biconditional, conjunction of two conditional statements
where the antecedent and consequent of the first statement
have been switched in the second statement.
Ex. If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angle
opposite them are congruent, and if two angles of a triangle (Students pay attention to details)
are congruent, then the sides opposite them are congruent.
e. Negation is a statement that is false whenever the given
statement is true, and true whenever the given statement is
false. It can be obtained by inserting the word not in the
given statement or by prefixing it with phrases such as “It is
not the case that…”. It is devoted as ~ or -
Ex. Herbert is good. --- Herbert is not good.
“Do you have any questions about proposition?”
“Alright, then let’s proceed.”

Symbols are used to simplify work in logic. The letters p, q,

or r are often used to represent propositions in logic.
Connective Symbol Type of Statement
and ^ conjunction
or v disjunction (Students will analyze and
not ~ negation symbolize the following sentences)
If…then → conditional
If and only if (iff) ↔ biconditional

Example: Let p represent the proposition ‘He has green

thumb”
Let q represent “He is a senior citizen.”
Convert each compound proposition into symbols.
1. He has green thumb and he is a senior citizen.
2. He does not have green thumb or he is not a senior
citizen.
3. It is not the case that he has green thumb or is a
senior citizen.
4. If he has green thumb, then he is not a senior citizen.
5. He has a green thumb if and only if he is a senior
citizen.

“I will do the number 1, and you will do numbers 2 to 4”

D. APPLICATION
In a ½ sheet of paper. Answer the question.
1. What is the difference between simple and compound (students answer)
proposition?
2. What is the relevance of studying logic in our daily (students answer)
lives?

E. GENERALIZATION

Always remember that Proposition is a declarative sentence

that can be classified as true or false, but not both.
Also, bear in mind the 5 types of compound proposition: the
conjunction, disjunction, conditional, biconditional, and
negation
Further, as early as now, you need to be fair and just
especially in dealing with statements. You will never know
whether the statement is true or false. Seek for help from
adults or authorities or even from search engines to justify
whether a statement is true or false.
How can you imply proposition and symbols in real-life
situation? (random student will answer)

IV. EVALUATION
In a ½ sheet of paper.
Test I. Write the following in symbolic form.
1. Seven is greater than zero, and 7 is positive. (G, P)
2. It is false that Rose did not pass the interview. (P)

Test II. Let P=Mathematics is difficult, Q=PE is easy, and B=Biology is interesting. Write
each symbol statement in words.
1. P^Q
2. QvB
3. Q↔B

V. ASSIGNMENT

In a ¼ sheet of paper.
Identify each proposition as a conjunction, disjunction, negation, conditional, or
biconditional.
1) Tony is absent or Raquel is absent, and it is examination day.
2) Either Jay passed the test, or Lina passed the test and John failed.
3) It is false that if I go on vacation, then I have received my 13th month pay.
4) If my brother pays the rental and I pay the electricity, then my father pays the tuition fees.