\f,1

past tenses CI
\n
c
I ramma;" summary
- '.'r-E
:: sr
PAST: I worked,
pRoGRESSrvr (oR
she worked, he didn't *o,|U
"r.
'pnsr coNtti.'ruous'): I was working, she was working, he wasn't working etc
n
!- ; sh has two'past'tenses.
' ,', e use the simple past for complete finished actions. We often use it in stories.
I wrote ten letters yesterday. A man wolked into a police station and asked ...
,', e use the past progressive to talk about actions which were unfinished at a past time.
'What were you doing at 10.00 last night?' 'l was writing letters.'

{ About 6,000 years ago, somebody About 2,200 years ago,

painted this picture on a cave wall in 5hi Huangdi completed
Namibia, south-west Africa. the Great Wall of China.

Stonehenge, in southern England, is

about 4,800 years old. Who built it?
Nobody knows.

{ About 1,200 years ago, Vikings from

Scandinavia made this beautiful ship.

PAST TENSES 45
Irc IRREGULAR VERBS
REGULAR VERBS

I/you / h e/ s h e/ it/we /th eY wo r ked I /yo / e/ sh e / i t/w e/th

u h eY we nt
d i d I/y ou /h e/ sh e/ it/w e/t h ey wo rk? did I/you/he/she/it/we/theY 9o?
ey d i d n ot wo rk I /yo u/ h e/ sh e/it/we/t h ey di d n ot g o
/ e/ sh e /i t/w e/th
t /y o u h

Contraction: didnt

HOW TO MAKE REGULAR SIMPLE PAST FORMS

, most verbs: + -ed work . worked hetp ' helped rain rained
, after -e: + -d hoPe hoPed like liked
;,11 Write the simple past.
watk..W31!99C.. arrive change cook """""""'
hate............... live....'.......... pass...'''''''''''' shave ''''''''''''''' watch ''''"'''''''''

VERBS ENDING IN -Y

+ vowel (a,e,o\+y ';- -yed played enioy " enioyed

play "'"
n consonant (d,1, r etcl + y ,- -ied try ' tried reply replied
.
,rl;,t Write the simple past.
stay............... study............... cry """""""' annoy carry """""""'
hurry............... pray...............

DOUBLING (stoq7ed, Planned etc)

o one vowel + one consonant
.".doubleconsonant+-ed stop , stopped(NoT@) plan '' planned
,. two vowels: don't double seem '" seemed wait ,. waited (NoT nrd+f€d)
| . two consonants: don't double want '.' wanted (NOT wdt?#ed) help '' helped
,.- only double in STRESSED syllables preFER -"' preferred eut WONder .-'. wondered

],r...ir Write the simple past.

shop............... rain............... start............... rob"""""""' slim"""""""'
jump............... shout............... slip............... fit """""""' turn
V|sit............... TeGRET deVElop GALlop
OPen............... ANswer reFER..............'

With irregular verbs, you have to learn the simple past forms one by one (see page 299).
go - ! went see ''t' sQW buy t- bought pay ' poid
..;
l:$ writ" as many of the simple past forms as you can. Check them on page 299, and learn
the ones that you don't know.
become begin............ break............ bring"""""" catch
come............ drink............ eat fall """""" feel """""" forget""""""
get............ give ............ hear hold ...."""" keep know """""'
learn ............ leave let ............ make .......... " pay put " " " " " "
read............ say............ shut ............ sit speak """""" stand """"""
take ............ tell think .......... '. write

46 PAST TENSES
simple past: use i l*rf* s*lt**l lrt ? PP#"

We often use the simple past to talk about when things happened.
I left school in 1990. I didn't see Ann yesterday. Whot time did you arrive?

We use the simple past, not the present perfect (have seen etc) with finished-time expressions.
I sow that fi lm lqst week. (Nor M)
Did you pay WiIIiam on Sunday? (ttot @)
$ ., Put the beginnings and ends together, using the verbs in the box.

die / forget learn like read speak stop

0 Shakespeare ..d.iPt......
1 I ............... my girlfriend's
2 That's a really good book.
J When we were children
4 I didn't my piano teacher
5 Where did you ...............

\ote the word order with dgo.

started this job three years ago. (ruor ) It happened o long time ogo'

{", How long ago was your last birthday? Ten days ago? Five weeks ago? Eight months ago?
Write the answer, and complete the other sentences'
1 My last birthdey was 3 Last January
2 Last Tuesday was 4 My third birthday

iVe often use the simple past for things that happened one after another, for example in stories'
-:e parked his car, went into the station and bought a ticket. Then he had a cup of coffee and ...

fu Grammar in a text. Put simple past verbs into the story.

'l
-6: come hear ' open say not see stand
7-10'. give hold not read take
11-15: run say not speak turn write

He r................... outsideherdoorforalongtime.Thenhe 2................... herfootstepsinsidethe

house.She 3................... thedoorand a.......... out. Atfirstshe s................... him,butthen
she 0.......... ,'Oh,hello,Harold.'He 7................... apaperoutof hispocketand 4..........
s..........
it to her. She it in one hand, but 10................... it.'Listeni he 11................... . .She
'2................... 'l
r:....... you this letter because -'She r+...... back into the house.
He rs.......... and walked slowlydown the street.

- >:rre answers, both contracted forms (for example l'm, don't) and full PAST TENSIS 47
rr s for exam ple I om, do notl are possible. Normally both are correct.
sim ple past: negatives r' , - , :i r ,',rr ii ,i :'.,ii

ffm
ffi Ididnotwork youdidnotwork he/she/itdidnotwork wedidnotwork theydidnotwork
Contraction: dldn't

We make simple past negatives (ffi) with did not /didn't + infinitive (without to).
srnrrmrrur ffi rurcnrrvr ffi
He cleaned the car. He did not clean the car. (Not M)
He started early. He did not start early. (Not He4id nots+a*s<arly)
She sow you. She didn't see you. (Nor She4id++sawJe*)
John went to Rome. John didn't go to Rome.

ri:F Circle the correct form.

> I break /(broke'ta
\- cup yesterday. 4 Alina come / came to see us at the weekend.
) Ann did not(pla'iJ played tennis this morning. 5 I didn't see / sqw Bill at the party.
'I Harry work / worked last Sunday. 6 Peter didn'l write / wrote lo me for a long time.
2 I didn't know /knew where I was. 7 The train did not arrive / arrlves on time.
3 ldidn't feel/feltwell last night. 8 Julita didn't /ike / Iikes / likedher teacher.
ii;:? tvtate simple past negative sentences.
> I played hockey last weekend. (footbatl) ..1.4.y4.*'.!}:l''.A.f?.qy[?.ll'
1 We spoke Spanish together. (Arabic)
2 My uncle taught mathematics. (science)
3 Bill cooked the potatoes. (thefish)
4 I took my mother to the mountains. (my father) .............
5 We told our parents everything. (the police)
6 I wrote to my sister. (my brother)
7 I liked the party. (the music)
8 We knew her address. (phone number)
'f.11,
Complete the sentences with affirmative (ffi) or negative (ffi) verbs.
> I didn't break this window but (rhe orher one #) ..!.9.".qFpIV.e..qy.)gY.?*q:..
) I worked last week, but (rhe week before ffi) .l .4i4,*'.!.y.qY.4yV.q.Y999.\pfp.fp'...
. ....

'I He didn't change his trousers, but (hls shlrt ffi)

2 She answered the first question, but (fhe others ffi)
3 He phoned her, but (gotoherhouseffi)
4 I didn't bring any flowers, but (some chocolates ffi) .................
5 She didn't buy a coat, but (a very nice dress$-p.)
6 I ate the vegetables, but (the meat ffi)
7 We kept the photos, but (the /effers ffi)
8 They didn't speak English, but (Germon ffi)
9 My grandfather shaved on weekdays,but(atweekends ffi)
ffi Write five things that you didn't do yesterday.
1 I didn't
2 ..............
3 ..............
4..............
5 ..............

48 PAST TENSES
simple past questions

-l
El did lwork? did you work? did he/she/it workT did we workT did they workT

_.J
,rie make simple past questions (ffS) with dld + subject + infinitive (without to).
sraremerur ffi QUESTION H:S

qe cleqned the car. Did he clean the car? (Nor Dklhe<teaned+he<a+?)

-he class went to Rome Where did the closs go? (Not W)

$ Circle the correct form.

> I take /66x\ my father to Spain last week. 6 Why did you leave / Ieft your job?
> Did you@/ heard me? 7 Did Fred speak / spoketo you about Andy?
1 Did Theo bring / brought his wife with him? 8 Where did that woman keep / kept all her money?
2 When did Gemma start / starts school? 9 Rolf learn / learnt English when he was young.
3 I see / saw Eric in the supermarket yesterday. 10 Sorry - I forget / forgot lo buy milk.
4 The lesson begln / began very late. 1 1
Did you come / came by train or by bus?
5 How did Oliver break / broke his leg? 12 What did you say / said?

f* tvtat e simple past questions.

) Jamesenjoyedthefood,but(rhemustcF#) ..4id.LC.gm.qA.yI|..ry.*ryg!.............
I 5he listened to everythin g,bul (remember lt ffi)
2 You didn't pay Ryan, but (the others R;H)
3 You liked the book, but (fhe f/m flsd)

I He played football, but (wel/ S.E)

5 them some help, but (any money EiG)
You gave
6 wrote to her sister, but (her mother g*1)
She
7 He learnt French, but (English ti#)

8 She got up early, bul (early enough -i)

9 You shut the back door, but (the front door'E*E)
'0 They took thrichildren with them, but (the dog F,#)
.,1
She felt ill on Sunday, but (OKyesterday #H
'2 He forgot the name of his hotel, but (the address as weil $rt)

S Uat e simple past questions with what, who and where.

> pete saw somebody. ..WIp..{.t4..49.:99.?..........
'l
John went somewhere.
2 Bill bought something.
3 Alice married somebody.
4 Mary broke something.
5 Mike stayed somewhere.
5 Joe studied something.
7 Robert studied somewhere.
8 Ann wrote something.
9 Catherine heard somebody.
'0 George understood something.
'1 Helen forgot something.
'2 Sarah went on holiday somewhere.

:cr questions without did, like Who soid that? ot Whot hoppened?, see pages 1 08- 09,
1

i : Te answers, both contracted forms (for example / m, dont) and full PAST TENSES 49
-s for example I am, do not)are possible. Normally both are correct.
sim ple past q uestions .t r,l
',' r;

ffi
t* did lworkT didyouwork? did he/she/itworkT didwework? didtheywork?

,Ve make simple past questions (HH with did + subject + infinitive (without to).
srereuerur ffi QUESTION f6l*
1e cleaned the car. Did he cleqn the carT (not Didhe<leaaed+he<a4)
the class went to Rome. Where did the closs go? (Not M)

. Circle the correct form.

> I takel@ry father to Spain last week. 6 Why did you leave / left your job?
> Did you6ED/ heard me? 7 Did Fred speak / spokelo you about Andy?
1 Did Theo bring / broughf his wife with him? 8 Where did that woman keep / kept all her money?
2 When did Gemma start / starts school? 9 Rolf learn / Iearnt English when he was young.
3 I see / saw Eric in the supermarket yesterday. 10 - I forget / forgot to buy milk.
Sorry
4 The lesson begln / began very late. 1 1
Did you come / came by train or by bus?
5 How did Oliver break / broke his leg? 12 What did you say / saidT
I Make simple past questions.
) Jamesenjoyedthefood,but(themuslciEd) ..4y4.\.g.p*1.qL..ttr9..ry.*rig|....................
1 5he listened to everythin g, but (remember lt F4,E)

2 You didn't pay Ryan, but (the others''#]!

3 You liked the book, but (the film ii.)
4 He played football, but (wel/ Hfi)
5 You gave them some help, but (any money #'i)
6 She wrote to her sister, but (her mother +-"1i)

7 He learnt French, but (Englrsh fr,,+)

8 5he got up early, but (early enough .+.,il
9 You shut the back door, but (the front door #*!t)
'C They took the'children with them, but (the dog *ti)
'l She felt ill on 5unday, but(OKyesterday l;i)
'2 He forgot the name of his hotel, but (the address as well"$E)

f" Make simple past questions with whot, who and where.
> pete saw somebody. ..YlI?..4.1.4..49. :?9.?........
r .lohn went somewhere.
2 Bill bought something.
3 Alice married somebody.
J Mary broke something. .................
5 Mike stayed somewhere.
5 Joe studied something.
- Robert studied somewhere.
Ann wrote something.
1 Catherine heard somebody.
George understood something.
Helen forgot something.
i Sarah went on holiday somewhere

::' questions without did, like Who said that? or Whot hoppened?, see pages 1 08-1 09

..: -: answers, both contracted forms (for example / m, dont) and full PAST TENSES 49
'.r s (for example I am, do not) are possible. Normally both are correct.
simple past: more practice
llE
REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS
ffi
ft.# I/you/h ehh e/it/we/th ey wor ke d / I i ked l/you/he elc went / saw
ffi did l/you/he etc work / Iike? did l/you/he elc go / see?
ffi l/you/he/ etc did not work / like l/you/he elcdid not go / see
Contraction: drdn'f
I

ffi Complete the sentences with affirmative (ffi) verbs, questions (ffi) or negatives (ffi).
) she didn't feel well last night, but (oKthismornrng ffi) ..r.\9'.f9.1F.2*.F.4!:.Wp.r*y*g................
) 't bought a new coat yesterdayl('shoes roo ##) ..>y4.ap*.V.*A.r.429:I?.0.3................
) wesawtheEiffelTower,but(seeNotreDameffi) ..Wp.ly.4*'I.9.qq.N.q!fq.P?Y3,............
1 I didn't learn much French at school, but (a lot of Latin ffi)
2 I remembered to buy the bread, but (the mllk ffi)
3 I spoke to Alexia's father, but (her motherffi) ..............
4 'Peter didn't phone yesterday!('this morning #&')
5 I didn't take the bus to London; (the frdln .ffi)

6 I know you went to Singapore, but (Malaysia WR)

7 The train stopped at Edinburgh, but (G/osgow ffi)
8 'Did the children see a film?'('trazo f/ms ffi')
9 'l ate your cake! ('my chocolates too #$')
10 I studied for the exam, but (enough ffi)

# tvtate simple past questions.

Sarah and her baby came out of hospital. (When) . .wtr p.ry .4.1.d. I\q a. eq wp. er.?.
1 Ann and her brother went on holiday. (Where)
2 Peter's friends gave him a bicycle. (Why)
3 The small woman said something.(What)
4 The children bought something. (t//hdt)
5 invited somebody to lunch. (t4lho)
I
b Mary dropped something. (il/hdt)
7 Oliver beat somebody at tennis. (fVho)
8 George wrote to the police. (UUhy)
o Rose asked somebody to marry her. (Who)
10 Bruno lived in lndia. (When)

ffi t-ook at the picture, and complete the sentence correctly.

A did you remember

B did you remembered
C do you remembered
D did you to remember

'That reminds me, dear the sandwiches?'

50 PAST TENSES
cast progressive* 'uU nttt v\,€t"{t y#t} riatnq at #,{J,i ,;

t! lwos working you were working he/she/it was working we/they were working
r.l
B wos I workingT were you working? wos he/she/it working? were we/they working?

i
E lwas not working you were not working he/she/it was not working etc
Contractions: wasn't, weren't

$re make the past progressive withwas/were + .,,ing. (For spelling rules, see page 23.)
t.: 3 o'clock I wos waiting for a train. What were you doingT

Ite use the past progressive to say what was (not) happening around (before, at and perhaps after) a past time.
,\ ^ it were you doing ot 8,007 Were you watching TV7' (not Whatdidpu4o ...)
t:8.00? No, I wosn't wotching TV. I was ploying cards; (NoT lplayed ...)

fl Wnat were the people doing yesterday evening?

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences
with words from the box.
'M,ru
Use past progressive verbs. ,,rytGM

w
cook supper dance drive home
not watch TV play cards /

>

ffi
At e. 1 rah ..Y g?.?l?ay*g. 9?.Y.4, :.......
5 5a
' At 10.30 Fred and Alice ..........
: At 8.20 Keith ..........
: At 7.50 Mary ..........
-r At 'l 1.00 Olivei

ilue .rake past progressive questions wilh wos/were + subject + . ..ing.

:-r-EMENT ;. : /t was raining. You were working. All the children were singing.
/ ,z -'/
ir-E5rtoN 5€: Was it raining? Weie you working? What w{re all the children singing?

Q write questions.
> At 'lo.o0 I was reading !(a newspapen ..w.er.g.a9.*.Y994y*9.I.*9y.rPgP.qY?...............
> lvhen I saw Peter he was eating!(what) ..WY?|.Y\|..4t..q*iryZ?.
' ''Vhen I went into Alesha's office, she was writingl (/etters)
: At lunchtime Richard was shopping !(where)
: At 8.30 Anna was cooking!(whafl .............
: ',Vhen I arrived, all the children were crying (why)
: At midnight, Liz and Jack were drivingl (to Scotland)

$ Wtrat were you doing at 10 otlock last night?

: :.: ::lled'past continuous'

. : : ,::'iit cr-rt;il,:iiltrci ilitrir, iict q::rri,'rJ;li it:r. i.1cr: il ;;nij t*li

tlAll I'Li'i5il1 51
' I i ' iir-.r. !.ii.i i)atj n:r. i.rr-::;:rbic. i{*rrrr,:ii;,i:ltrti;.tttr l{)r:-er.l.
simple past or past progressive? { walked I f K/ss wu{king
ilffi
We use the simple past to talk about complete actions (long or short).
We use the past progressive for actions which were not complete at a past time.
Joe got up at 7.00 and worked from 9.00 to 4.00. At 8.00, when Joe came home, lwos reading.

__(

Simple past or past progressive?

> I @ec!/ wat lir@ France for eight years.
) Sue lived r@lliwnpin France when her uncle died.
1 At 6.15, when you phoned, I had / was hoving a shower.
2 We watched / were wotchingTv all evening.
3 Matt wotched / wqs watchingTV when Anita came in.
4 My father worked / was working hard all his life.
5 They got married while they studied / were studying at London University.
6 Yesterday we drove / were driving from Oxford to Edinburgh and back.
7 lt was a nice evening, so she walked / was wolking home from work. '
8 I met Sylvie while I worked / was working in Japan.
9 At universily I studied / was studying physics.
'l
0 When I last saw him he talked / was talking lo a policeman.
Complete the sentences with past progressive verbs.
) when r sot home (the chitdren watch rv . .Wtr9.ry #)
.9.q!.trp.ry.C .l\9.y.\.L.t4.fp*.ygf.q
.1. .V?.1?.\!.ry9 .IY'. .. ..
) (you cycte$) when you broke your tes ..W9.r.9.A?.*.?U911"3.y.\.qry.A9.*.9.\?P9.A?Y.f .Wg?...
) when rsawJoan (shelook$) happy ..Wtr9.ry.t.S?.YJ?I*.:Y.?Y\:.ry'.|.!g.qPyfp..b.qffU-.......
I At seven otlock on Friday (we ploy cords ffi)

2 When I saw him he was holding the phone but (talk #)

3 When Mary got up (itsnowffi)

4 When I saw Alice, (she raralk €) very fast

5 What (you do #) at ten otlock yesterday evening

6 When you heard them, (they talk about me#)

7 How fast (you drive #) when you had the accident

8 The doorbell rang when I (expect ffi) anybody

9 I don't know what I (do #) at 10.00 on January 13th, 2005

10 I had to drive to London because the trains (run €) when I left home

52 rASf l-t!\Sts
Note the difference when we use the past progressive and the simple past together.
rA , .., ,.::i;rl
Past progressive: longer action or situation. .ll'1 "'rrlrir:l
.....1r1,.,i:lj

5imple past: complete shorter action that happened while the longer action was happening. :'1' ::'.1 ]i

While lwos having a bath, While Iwas talking to my brother,

(- )
-_--
the phone rang. Bill come in.

i Put simple past and past progressive verbs in the right places.
> while t ..Yg:.Yqy.P129........... downtheroad,t ..9.?Y. ....... Bi[. (wotk;see)
b
- 1 While I the newspaper, the cat on to the table.
(read; jump)
2 Alan Helen while he ............. ... in Morocco.(meet;travel)
3 Sally her leg while she (break; ski)
4 While I ................ , somebody my car. (shop; steal)
5 Ruth me eight times yesterday while I ................ (phone; work)
6 The police ......... ....... me while I ........ ........ home. (stop; drive)
7 I ............ .... an interesting report on the radio while I ........ ........ breakfast.
(hear; have)
8 Dad to sleep again while he ............. ...TV.(goiwotch)
9 While I ................ I ................ a glass. (washup;break)
10 I ........... ..... my hand while I ................ in the kitchen . (cut; work)
11 When I the house I took my coat because it ...............
(leave; snow)
I2 L...............
When thedoorthey........... ..... about me.(open;talk)
13 telephone
The while I ........ ........ lunch. (ring; cook)
'. 14 When llast ............ .... from Harry he in Portugal. (hear;work)

. 6 Correct (/) or not (r)?

1 This morning I listened to the news before I was going out. ......
.. 2 I walked up td the policeman and asked him the way to the station. ......
3 When Ann arrived I was writing letters. ......
.. 4 The cat was bringing in a mouse while I was having breakfast. ......
5 I didn't go out because when I looked out of the window it rained. ......
.. 6 When I went to sleep the teacher was talking about grammar. ......
7 The teacher was still talking about grammar when I woke up. ......
.. 8 Jenny and Takashi got married while she worked in Tokyo. ......
6, Put in words from the box, in the simple past or past progressive.

drive open pass pull run shine./ sing start turn turn wait

Itwasa beautiful morning.Thesun >..Y39.5).y*yy.g... and birds 1................ Aboutfivethousand

people 2........................ in front of the palace. At 10.00, the guards 3........................ the Palace gates,
and the President's car 4........... out and s........................ left into Democracy Street.
The crowds 6........................ to sing the National Anthem.The President's car 7...........
right into Constitution Square.Then suddenly, just as it a......... the Ritz Hotel, a man
t........................outinfrontofitand 10............... agunfromhispocket.

:::,li:i'irt:!,iluliiiari!ari;.irtiiir.-it-:t.r:.,ii-t:,.::t*}itti:ii:.t;:::t'i::;lr ali-l f;,;ji

- i::iirtj-iiirr; ilAii Ti-ltsf:l 53
ai;.jiiirltiir:ljitl:,ilri{,.Lj;:rr::lii;i.ri.iiititil,ailil+ri.
past tenses: more practice
ll$
Simple past. Make sentences.
) the train / stop /at every station ffi ..frp.!.rq.u*.f!?PP.q4..qy.9Y9.YA.*q!.1?*...
) when / my retter / arrive ffi ..Wtrp.ry..4.1.4..ryA.1?*9Y. Ir.Y.lY.q?. . .......
) thedoctor/remember/mynameffi ..fup.lp"j.qf.4yl*.'!Igyp.ry.V9.Y.WA.rylYI............
1 what / all those people / want $i$
2 all your brothers / send you / birthday cards F#
3 the baby / eat / some toothpaste this morning #!

4 the teache r / answer / my question ffi .... .....

5 I / lose / my keys again yesterday ffi .........
6 anybody / phone / while I was out *-$
7 The Prime Minister /tell /us that things were getting better;i$
8 My friends and I / believe / the Prime Minister ffi . .......

9 Richard / give / me a birthday present ffi ............

10 Whattime/you/getup/today+'t ................

'lr, Past progressive. Complete the sentences with past progressive verbs.
) whenrwarked in(thechitdrenfisht#j;) ..1\p.y.).L.l4.fg*.y.qf9fl?b\y.ryq...........
> What (you do #f+)in my offi ce when I came in ..Y 9.\q.A?.+. 19.1"3..........
> when I had the accident (/drive #3) fast ..1.Y#.ry'.\.4Iiy.U*g........
1 At 9.00 on Sunday (wewatchTVffi)
2 When I saw him he was holding a paper, but (read ffi)
3 When you hea rd them, (they sp eak English p,i')
4 When you got home, what (the children do t;G)
5 Anna arrived when I (expect ffi) her
6 I don't know what I (do ffi) at 6.00 on February 18th
7 When I looked out of the window it (snow ?E) again
8 I had to drive to work because the trains (run ffi)
9 How fast (you drive S€) when the police caught you
1 0 When I saw Peter, he (stond ffi) and looking up at my window

Simple past and past progressive. Put in the correct verb forms.
> They ..1p.14.... thepolicethatthey ..Y9.Y9.P.lq.Ui*Q.. cardsat 10.00. (tett;play)
1 When I ............ out of the house I took my umbrella because it ............... . (go; rain)
2 This morning I ........................ the newspaper before I went out. (read)
3 ............ you ............ the football match last nighl? (watch)
4 When I ............ into the room they ...... about clothes. (walk; talk)
5 At 8 otlock yesterday morning I ........................ in the sea. (sralm)
6lwalkeduptotheclassroomwindowand............ in.Theteacher........................but
nobody .. .... . (look; talk; Iisten)

7 The telephone as usual, while I ........ a bath. (ring; have)

8 This time last Friday I ...... on the beach. (/le)
9 Why you ............ homeearlyyesterday? (9o)
10 When lfirst ............ John he ............. round the world.(meet; travel)

54 PAST TENSES
-::l
ffffiI : ;:il; 1T,:lT::::::l: :ffll,i::'|lffii:::l::::::'::::111 ",, ",,n" il
il
it (rain)
window z exactly like every other day this week.
I z (wash) + (get dressed) ................
s (give) the cat his breakfast, and o (make) coffee.
t I (not eat) anything, because l'm never hungry in the morning. Then I
a (go) .......... ..... to the bus stop and g (wait) for the bus. lt
to (not arrive) as usual, so I tt (walk) to the office.
While I n (walk) I decided once again that it was time to find another job - one

with a car. When I tt (arrive) nobody tq (work)

rs everybody (talk) .......... ..... abouttheweather.The boss
rc (come in) and r z (tel/) ........... ..... everybody to start working, but
this rs ...........
(notmake) ..... much difference. I B(sitdown) ................ at my
desk and zo (start) thinking about football.

:' cnRnnURR AND VOCABULARY. Make sure you know all the words in the box. Use a dictionary if
necessary. Then try to correct the mistakes. Find the answers on the internet if necessary.

build climb compose discover make invent paint write

> Garireowrote'Hamret'. ..1.q!!.tcg.l!:yey.erp.4.|):.ry.qp.*:.pfJyLiYp.r......,

> shakespeare discovered the moons of Jupiter. ..+.4IP9:P9?.Y9.Y.f*?.'fiI\y9.\'.'.........
1 Mozart built the Eiffel Tower.
2 Leonardo da Vinci directed 'lvan the Terriblei

3 Shah Jehan invented dynamite.

4 Alfred Nobel wrote the song'Helpi

5 Sergei Eisenstein built the Taj Mahal.

6 Gustave Eiffel wrote'Pride and Prejudicei
7 Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay composed'The Marriage of Figaroi
8 Marie Curie first climbed Mount Everest.
9 John Lennon and Paul McCartney discovered radium.

l0 The novelist Jane Austen painted the'Mona Lisai

I lnternet exercise. What did these people do? Use a search engine (e.9. Google) to find out the
answers, if necessary.
1 Alexander Fleming
2 GiuseppeVerdi .............
3 Rembrandt van Rijn
4 Edmund Whymper
5 Mary Shelley
6 Stephanie Kwolek
7 ChristopherWren ........
8 Akira Kurosawa

: - ^rrircidti0n for gramrn;:

PAST TENSES 55
*
past tenses: revision test
lll
ftS Write the simple past forms.
arrive ..?.Y.Y.N91.. become begin ............... break............... bring ...............
buy............... change cry............... develop feel ...............
9o............... hope leave ............... like ............... pay............... start...............
stay............... stop ............... watch ............... write ............... work...............

ffi Circte the correct forms.

> Why didn't you(phone) / phones / phoned ?
1 ln the afternoon the rain stoped / stopped.
2 You never visited / visitted me in hospital.
3 When I arrived she was makeing / making coffee.
4 My mother didn't feel / felt well yesterday.
5 We usually speak / spoke French in my family when I was a child.
6 Henry didn't told / tel/ the police anything.
7 Did you like / liked thefilm?
8 I didn't saw / seen / see the accident.
9 John phoned / was phoning just when I went / was going out.
10 I played / was playing football a lot when I was at school.

ffi eut in simple past or past progressive verbs.

> He.........!q!4......... hiswifethathe ..Yff.Pl?.Ai*9... chessatmidnight. (telt;ptay)
1 I ............ as a translator for two years. (work)
2 Jenny ...... as a translator when she ...... Roger. (work; meet)
3 Liz......... her pursewhile she ...... .(lose;shop)
4 We ......... John all evening. (listento)
5 While I ........................ my car, Ellie ...... to talk to me. (clean; stop)
6 I ............ my hand while I ........ .(burn;cook)
7 Rick ...... when Emma ......... home.(read;come)
8 My mother ........................ in Dublin all her life. (/ive)
9 While she ............ in Chicago she ............ ill.(study;get)
l0 The police ......... him while he ............. out of the bank.(catch; run)

S facfr sentence has one or two mistakes. Correct them.

) llookedoutofthewindowandlwas+eei+githatitra+n€d. ..:.?.ry.......W2t.f.q.rryi*9.....
1 Yesterday we were driving from London to Bristol and back.
2 At university I was studied engineering.
3 Why you were crying when I came in?
4 I was begining to get tired, so I was going home.
5 We payed the bill and leaved the restaurant. .............
6 While I was shoping, somebody was stealing my bicycle.
7 The doorbell ringed while I was cleaning the flat.
8 lt was a warm day, so we opening all the windows.
9 What time you was got up this morning?
10 I did lost my keys somewhere when I walked home this evening.

56 PAST TENSES ln scnre answers, both contracted forms {for example I m, don? and fui
forms ifor rxample l*,t, rja nr:t) are possible. Nnrmally both are rorreci
2 'l She's seeing her bank manager on Monday. 4 I ls Melanie seeing Martin on Monday?Tessa
2 She's seeing her doctor on Tuesday. isn't /Tessa's not seeing Tom on Tuesday.
3 She's seeing her dentist on Wednesday. 2 ls Mr Andrews going to study Arabic in Algiers?
4 She's seeing her accountant on Thursday. Mrs Roberts is not going to study Russian in
5 5he's seeing her solicitor on Friday. Rome.
3 Will Derek cook duck for Dorothy? Sally won't
3 1'll start 2 willchange 3 won't snow cook spaghettifor 5am.
4 'll go to sleep soon. 5 1l tell 4 ls Harry going to take a holiday in Hungary?
Steve is not going to study in Siberia.

page 43 5 ls Oliver travelling to Oslo in October? Monica

is not travelling to Madagascar in May.

4 1 l'm going to stop smoking. 2l'mseeing

Andrew tonight. 3 lt's not going to rain. page 46
4 Peter's going to marry his boss. 5 Oliverwon't
pass his exams. 6 You'll like this 6lm. 7 What arrived, changed, cooked, hated, lived, passed,
time does the bus from London arrive? 8 l'm not shaved, watched
using the car tomorrow. 9 l'm going to cook
steak this evening. l0 How are you going to stayed, studied, cried, annoyed, carried, hurried,
travelto lreland? ll l'll phone you when I get prayed
home. 12 Are you working on Saturday?
13 lvillyou needa room for the nig ht? 14 Are shopped, rained, started, robbed, slimmed,
you going to write to yourfather? 15 Wewont jumped, shouted, slipped, fitted, turned, visited,
have enough money for a good holiday. regretted, developed, galloped, opened,
16 Where will I find the key? 17 Will you 90 to answered, referred
university after you leave school? 18 Johnand
Sylvia are staying with us next week. l9 When are
page 47
you going to have a haircut? 20 Areyougoingto
get up soon?
1 'l I forgot my girlfriend's birthday on Monday.
2 That's a really good book. I read it last year.
5 1 old house 2 'll come to 3 bridge
3 When we were children we always spoke
4'll cometo 5'll see 6 house
French at home.
7'll recognise 8 door 9 apple trees.
4 Ididn't like my piano teacher, so I stopped my
10 'llfind 1l key 12 'll have 13 great time.
lessons last week.
5 Where did you learn to speak Spanish so well?
page 44
3 1 stood 2 heard 3 opened 4 came
'| l'll 2 She'll 3 lt won't 4 They're going to 5 didnotsee 6 said 7 took 8 gave
5 They'll 6 They won't 7 She'snotgoingto t held 10 did not read ll said
oR she isn't going to 8 l'm not going to 12 did not speak 13 wrote '14 ran 15 turned

1X 2,/ 3X 4X 5,/ 6,/ 7,/ 8,/ page 48

9t 10x
1 worked 2 know 3 feel 4 came 5 see
1 The concerttoniqht. 2 Will | 3 will move
is
4 arenot 5 amgoing 6 won't 7 l'll phone 6 write 7 arrive S like
...lget 8 willgive 9 areyou 10 willthe 1 We didn't speak Arabic. 2 He / My uncle
meeting be
didn't teach science. 3 He/Billdidn'tcook
thefish. 4 ldidn'ttakemyfather(tothe
mountains). 5 We didn't tell the police
everything. 6 ldidn't write to my brother.
7 I didn't like the music. 8 We didn't know her
phone number

316 ANsWER KEY

3 t he changed his shirt. 2
she didn't answer the 2 'l What was she writing? 2 Where was he
others. 3 he didn't go to her house. shopping? 3 What was she cooking?
4 I brought some chocolates. 5 sheboughta 4 Why were they crying? 5 Were they driving
very nice dress. 6 I djdn't eat the meat. to Scotland?
7 we didn't keep the letters. 8 they spoke
German. t he didn't shave at weekends.
page 52
page 49 I l washaving 2 watched 3 waswatching
4 worked 5 were studying 6 drove
1 bring 2 start 3 saw 4 began 5 break 7 walked 8 wasworking 9 studied 10 was
6 leave 7 speak 8 keep 9 learnt talking
10 forgot 11 come 12 say
2 1 we were playing cards. 2 he wasn't ta lking.
i did she remember it? 2 did you pay the 3 it was snowing. 4 she wasn't walking
others? 3 did you like the film? 4 did heplay 5 wereyou doing 6 were they talking about me?
well? 5 did you give them any money? 7 wereyou driving 8 wasn'texpecting
6 did she write to her mother? 7 didhelearn 9 was doing 10 weren't running
English? 8 did she get up early enough?
9 did you shut the front door? 10 didtheytake
the dog? 1'l did she feel OK yesterday?
page 53
i2 did he forget the address as well?
3 1 was reading;jumped 2 met; was travelling
I Where did he go? 2 What did he buy? 3 broke; was skiing 4 was shopping; stole
3 Who did she marry? 4 What did she breaki
5 phoned; was working 6 stopped; was driving
5 Where did he stay? 6 What did he study?
7 heard; was having 8 went; was watching
9 was washing up; broke '10 cut;wasworking
7 Where did he study? 8 What did she write?
9 Who did she hear? 10 What did he
1l left;was snowing 12 opened; were talking
13 rang; was cooking 14 heard; was working
understand? 1 1 What did she forget?
'12 Where did she go (on holiday)?
4 1X 2,/ 3,/ 4)( s)( 6,/ 7,/ 8X
page 50 5 1 weresinging. 2 were waiting 3 opened
4 drove 5 turned 6 started 7 turned
1 I learnt a lot of Latin. 2 I didn't remember to 8 was passing 9 ran 10 pulled
buythemilk. 3 ldidn'tspeaktohermother.
4'Didhephonethismorning?' 5 I took the page 54
train. 6 did you go to Malaysia? 7 it didn't
stop at Glasgow. 8 'They saw two filmsl '1 What did all those people want?
9 'Did you eat my chocolates too?' 2 Did all your brothers send you birthday cards?
10 I didn't study enough.
3 The baby ate some toothpaste this morning.
4 The teacher didn't answer my question.
I Where did they go? 2 Why did they give him
5 llost my keys again yesterday.
it / a bicycle? 3 What did she say? 4 What
6 Did anybody phone while lwas out?
did they buy? 5 Who did you invite? 6 What
7 The Prime Minister told us that things were
did she drop? 7 Who did he beat? 8 Why
getting better.
did he write (to the police)? 9 Who did she ask
(to marry her)? i 0 When did he live there / in
8 My friends and I did not believe the Prime
Minister,
lndia?
9 Richard didn't give me a birthday present.
10 What time did you get up today?
did you remember
'I we were watching TV 2 he wasn't reading
page 51 (it). 3 were they spea kinq Eng lish? 4 what
were the children doing? 5 I wasn't expecting
I 1 were dancing. 2 was cooking supper. her 6 I don't know what I was doing 7 itwas
3 was driving home. 4 was not watching TV snowing again. 8 the trains were not running,
9 Howfastwereyou driving 10 hewasstanding

ln these answers, we usuallygive either contracted forms (for example / m, dor? ANSWER KEY 317
or fuilforms (for example /om, do not). Normally both are correct.
page 55 page 58
'| went; was raining. 2 read 2 1 She has forgotten my address. 2 lhavemade
3 Did (you)watch 4 walked; were talking a mistake. 3 You have not shut the door,
5 was swimming 6 looked; was talking;was 4 Alan has worked very hard. 5 lhavenot
listening. 7 rang;washaving 8 waslying heard from Mary, 6 John has not learnt
9 did (you) go 10 met; was travelling anything. 7 lhave broken a cup. 8 We have
bought a new car. 9 The rain has stopped.
1 looked 2 wasraining 3 washed l0 I have not seen a newspaper today.
4 got dressed 5 gave 6 made 7 didn't
eat 8 went 9 waited 10 didn't arrive page 59
1 I walked 12 was walking 13 arrived

14 was working 15 wastalking

16 came in 17 told 18 didn't make
3 1 paid? 2 HasTim phoned?
Have we
3 Have you heard the news? 4 Havethedogs
19 sat down 20 started
come back? 5 What has Barbara told the police?
'l 6 Why have Andy and Sarah brought the
Mozart composed'The Marriage of Figaroi
children? 7 What have you said to Mike?
2 Leonardo da Vinci painted the'Mona Lisal
8 Why has everybody stopped talking? 9 Have
3 Shah Jehan built the Taj Mahal.
you seen Martin anywhere? 10 Whohastaken
4 Alfred Nobelinvented dynamite.
my coat? l1 What has happened? 12 Where
5 Sergei Eisenstein directed 'lvan the Terriblel
has my brother gone? 13 Whyhas Peter closed
6 Gustave Eiffel builtthe EiffelTower.
the window? 14 Has Judith passed her exam?
7 Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay fi rst climbed
15 Has the postman come?'
Mount Everest,
8 Marie Curie discovered radium.
9 John Lennon and Paul McCartneywrote the song
4 Have you seen a lady without me? No, sorry, I
haven't seen your ball. OR No,lhaven't seen your
'Help:
ball, sorry.
l0 The novelist Jane Austen wrote'Pride and
Prejudice:
page 60
page 56 1 Nor 2 YEs 3 DoN'T KNow 4 yEs
PBoBABLY

5 ooru'r xrow 6 YEs 7 No 8 oodr rnow

1 became, began, broke, brought, bought,
9 DoN'T KNow l0 No
changed, cried, developed, felt, went, hoped, left,
liked, paid, started, stayed, stopped, watched,
wrote, worked
2 1 nevertravelled 2 studied 3 haslost
4 met 5 've bought 6 left 7 've told
8 've made 9 've forgotten 10 built
1 stopped 2 visited 3 making 4 feel
5 spoke 6 tell 7 like 8 see 9 phoned;
was going 10 played page 61
31 worked 2 was working; met 'I hassent 2 have bought 3 havecut
3 lost; was shopping 4 listened to 4 hasstopped 5 hasgiven 6 havesold
5 was cleaning; stopped 6 burnt; was cooking 7 have eaten 8 have found t havepassed
7 was readinq; came 8 lived 10 have broken
9 was studying; got l0 caught; was running
'I ... because she has lost her keys. 2 ...'Yes,
41 drove 2 lstudied 3 wereyoucrying his girlfriend has left him.' 3 ... '5orry. I know
4 beginning; went 5 paid; left him, but I have forgotten his namel 4...'No,
6 shopping; stole 7 rang 8 opened l'veseen itl 5 ...'lthinkshe's gonetolreland.'
did you get up l0 I lost; was wa lking 6 ... 'Sorry, l've lent it to Marial 7 Luishasfound
a new job. Hel workinq in a bank now.
8 ...'We can't. lt's closedl 9 ...'Yes, she's
changed her hair-stylel

318 ANSWER KEY