Module 2:

1. Printing Patterns Using Loops

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
int n;
scanf("%d", &n);
int len = 2*n - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {
int min = i < j ? i : j;
min = min < len-i ? min : len-i-1;
min = min < len-j-1 ? min : len-j-1;
printf("%d ", n-min);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output

2. Correctness and loop invariants

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
void insertionSort(int N, int arr[]) {

int i,j;
int value;
for(i=1;i<N;i++)
{
value=arr[i];
j=i-1;
while(j>=0 && value<arr[j])
{
arr[j+1]=arr[j];
j=j-1;
}
arr[j+1]=value;
}
for(j=0;j<N;j++)
{
printf("%d",arr[j]);
printf(" ");
}
}

int main(void) {
int N;
scanf("%d", &N);
int arr[N], i;
for(i = 0; i < N; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
insertionSort(N, arr);
return 0;
}

3. Small And Large Triangle

#include <stdio.h>
// Function to calculate the area of a triangle
float calculateArea(float base, float height) {
return (0.5 * base * height);
}
int main() {
float base1, height1, base2, height2, area1, area2;
// Input for the first triangle
printf("Enter the base and height of the first triangle: ");
scanf("%f %f", &base1, &height1);
// Input for the second triangle
printf("Enter the base and height of the second triangle: ");
scanf("%f %f", &base2, &height2);
// Calculate the areas of both triangles
area1 = calculateArea(base1, height1);
area2 = calculateArea(base2, height2);
// Compare the areas and determine which triangle is larger
printf("\nArea of first triangle: %.2f", area1);
printf("\nArea of second triangle: %.2f", area2);
if (area1 > area2) {
printf("\nThe first triangle is larger.\n");
printf("The second triangle is smaller.\n");
} else if (area1 < area2) {
printf("\nThe second triangle is larger.\n");
printf("The first triangle is smaller.\n");
} else {
printf("\nBoth triangles have the same area.\n");
}
return 0;
}

4. Happy Number
#include <stdio.h>
int getSumOfSquares(int num)
{
int sum = 0;
while (num > 0)
{
int digit = num % 10;
sum += digit * digit; num /= 10;
}
return sum;
}
int isHappy(int num)
{
int slow = num, fast = num;
do
{
slow = getSumOfSquares(slow); // Move slow pointer by one step
fast = getSumOfSquares(getSumOfSquares(fast)); // Move fast pointer by two
steps
} while (slow != fast);
return (slow == 1); // If they meet at 1, it's a happy number
}
int main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
if (isHappy(num))
{
printf("%d is a happy number.\n", num);
}
Else
{
printf("%d is not a happy number.\n", num);
}
return 0;
}

5. Triangle Numbers

#include <stdio.h>
// Function to calculate the nth triangular number
int triangularNumber(int n) {
return (n * (n + 1)) / 2;
}
int main() {
int n, i;

// Input for how many triangular numbers to generate

printf("Enter the number of triangular numbers to generate: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

// Generate and display the first n triangular numbers

printf("The first %d triangular numbers are:\n", n);
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
printf("%d ", triangularNumber(i));
}
printf("\n");

return 0;
}
Module 3:
1. For Loop in C
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
int a, b,i;
scanf("%d\n%d", &a, &b);
// Complete the code.
for(i=a;i<=b;i++)
{
if(i<10)
{
if(i==1)
printf("one\n");
else if(i==2)
printf("two\n");
else if(i==3)
printf("three\n");
else if(i==4)
printf("four\n");
else if(i==5)
printf("five\n");
else if(i==6)
printf("six\n");
else if(i==7)
printf("seven\n");
else if(i==8)
printf("eight\n");
else if(i==9)
printf("nine\n");
}
else {
if(i%2==1)
printf("odd\n");
else {
printf("even\n");
}
}
}
return 0;
}

Output:

2. Calculate the Nth term

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//Complete the following function.

int find_nth_term(int n, int a, int b, int c) {

//Write your code here.
int term, t1 = a, t2 = b, t3 = c;
if (n == 1)
term = t1;
else if (n == 2)
term = t2;
else if (n == 3)
term = t3;
else {
for (int i = 4; i <= n; i++) {
term = t1 + t2 + t3;
t1 = t2;
t2 = t3;
t3 = term;
}
}
return term;
}

int main() {
int n, a, b, c;
scanf("%d %d %d %d", &n, &a, &b, &c);
int ans = find_nth_term(n, a, b, c);

printf("%d", ans);
return 0;
}
Output:

3. Students Marks Sum

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

//Complete the following function.

int marks_summation(int* marks, int number_of_students, char gender)

{
//Write your code here.
int sum = 0;
for(int i = (gender == 'b' ? 0 : gender == 'g' ? 1 : -1); i <
number_of_students; i+=2) {
sum += marks[i];
}
return sum;
}

int main() {
int number_of_students;
char gender;
int sum;

scanf("%d", &number_of_students);
int *marks = (int *) malloc(number_of_students * sizeof (int));

for (int student = 0; student < number_of_students; student++) {

scanf("%d", (marks + student));
}
scanf(" %c", &gender);
sum = marks_summation(marks, number_of_students, gender);
printf("%d", sum);
free(marks);

return 0;
}

Output:

4. Variadic Functions

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
// Variadic function to calculate the sum of given integers
int sum(int count, ...) {
va_list args;
int total = 0;

// Initialize the argument list

va_start(args, count);

// Loop through all the arguments

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
total += va_arg(args, int); // Retrieve the next argument
}

// Clean up the argument list

va_end(args);

return total;
}
int main() {
// Example usage of the sum function
int result1 = sum(3, 10, 20, 30); // Sum of 3 numbers: 10, 20, 30
int result2 = sum(5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5); // Sum of 5 numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
// Display the results
printf("The sum of 10, 20, 30 is: %d\n", result1);
printf("The sum of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is: %d\n", result2);
return 0;
}

5. Nth Tribonacci number

#include <stdio.h>
// Function to calculate the Nth Tribonacci number
int tribonacci(int n) {
if (n == 0) return 0;
if (n == 1 || n == 2) return 1;
int a = 0, b = 1, c = 1, next;
for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {
next = a + b + c; // Calculate the next term
a = b; // Update a to the next term
b = c; // Update b to the next term
c = next; // Update c to the next term
}

return c;
}
int main() {
int n;
// Input the value of N
printf("Enter the value of N: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// Calculate and display the Nth Tribonacci number
printf("The %dth Tribonacci number is: %d\n", n, tribonacci(n));
return 0;
}