RELAY

• Relays are simple switches which are operated

both electrically and mechanically. Relays consist
of an electromagnet and also a set of contacts.
The switching mechanism is carried out with the
help of the electromagnet. There are also other
operating principles for its working. But they
differ according to their applications.
• Relays are extremely useful when we have a need
to control a large current or voltage with a small
electrical signal.
COMPARISON OF RELAY AND
CONTACTOR
• The basic difference between Relay and Contactor
❑ Current Rating
➢ Relays are used for lower power applications. For higher
power applications Contactors are used
❑ Add-On Blocks
➢ Contactors come with a facility to add additional Add on
Contact blocks as per requirement.
➢ Relays are designed with a fixed pair of contact pairs.
❑ Mechanical Interlocks
➢ Relays do not have a facility for mechanical interlocks
➢ One contactor can have a mechanical interlock with the
other.
WORKING OF RELAY
• The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to one
or more sets of moving contacts.
• It is held in place by a spring so that when the relay is de-energized,
an air gap occurs in the magnetic circuit. In this condition one of the
two sets of the contacts in a relay pictured is closed, and the other
set is open .
• When electric current is passed through the coil it generates a
magnetic field that activates the armature, and the consequent
movement of the movable contact either makes or breaks a
connection with a fixed contact.
• If the set of contacts was closed when the relay was de-energized,
then the movement opens the contacts and breaks the connection.
• When the current to the coil is switched off, the armature is
returned by a force, approximately half as strong as magnetic force,
to its relaxed position.
RELAY COMPONENTS
UNDERSTANDING RELAY CONTACTS
• There are two types of contacts:
• NO
NO stands for Normally Open contact, which
means at rest condition its output is zero And
after excitation its output becomes one
• NC
NC stands for Normally Closed contact, which
means at rest condition its output is one and
after excitation its output becomes zero
NO AND NC SCHEMATIC
UNDERSTANDING RELAY CONTACTS
• Example - Controlling a 220Volts 1 K-Watt
load with a command that comes from a 5
Volts battery. A relay should be used for this
application.
• Operation: The Coil of the relay is driven with
the 5 Volts supply. The contacts from this relay
(NO) will be connected in series with the
power supply of the load. Thus, the load will
only operate when the relay is actuated.
TYPES OF RELAY
• Solid state relay
• Electromagnetic relay
• Time delay relay
• Overload relay
SOLID STATE RELAY
SOLID STATE RELAY
• A solid state relay (SSR) is an electronic switching
device that switches on or off when an external voltage (AC
or DC) is applied across its control terminals.
• It serves the same function as an electromechanical relay,
but has no moving parts and therefore results in a longer
operational lifetime.
• SSRs consist of a sensor which responds to an appropriate
input (control signal), a solid state electronic switching
device which switches power to the load circuitry, and a
coupling mechanism to enable the control signal to activate
this switch without mechanical parts. The relay may be
designed to switch either AC or DC loads.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY
• Electromagnetic relays are those relay which
operates on the principle of electromagnetic
attraction. It is a type of a magnetic switch
which uses the magnet for creating a
magnetic field.
• The magnetic field then uses for opening and
closing the switch and for performing the
mechanical operation.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY
TIME DELAY RELAY
• A Time delay relay is also known as Hardware
Timer.
• A time delay relay is a relay that stays on for a
certain amount of time once activated. This
time delay relay is made up of a simple
adjustable timer circuit which controls the
actual relay.
TIMER MODE SETTING
• The Timers come with setting for :
➢ Timer mode selection (on delay/ off delay, etc…)
✓ Timer Preset Time
✓ Timer Time Base
• The Timer comes with 4 modes of operation:
➢ Signal ON-Delay
➢ Signal On One-Shot
➢ Signal Repeat Cycle-OFF Start
➢ Signal Repeat Cycle-ON Start
• The Timer preset time can be selected with the dial switch
on the timer. The time selected gets multiplied by the timer
time base and this is the actual timer preset time.
TIMER MODE AND RANGE SETTING
SIGNAL ON DELAY
• As shown in the timing diagram – when power
is applied to the timer, the timer starts timing.
The NC contact remains closed. After Preset
Time ‘t’ is over , the NC contact opens and the
NO contact closes. Thus the Output at NO
turns ON after a delay defined by the preset
time.
ONE SHOT MODE
• As shown in the timing diagram – when power
is applied to the timer, the timer starts timing.
The NC contact remains Opens, and NO
contact closes. After Preset Time ‘t’ is over ,
the NO contact opens and the NC contact
closes. Thus the Output at NO turns ON for a
delay defined by the preset time.
REPEAT CYCLE OFF-START MODE
• As shown in the timing diagram – when power
is applied to the timer, the timer starts timing.
The NC contact remains Closed. After Preset
Time ‘t’ is over, the NO contact closes and the
NC contact opens. The cycle repeats as a
square wave with a time base ‘t’, with NO
contact OFF first and then NC.
REPEAT CYCLE ON-START MODE
• As shown in the timing diagram – when power
is applied to the timer, the timer starts timing.
The NC contact Opens. After Preset Time ‘t’ is
over, the NO contact opens and the NC
contact closes. The cycle repeats as a square
wave with a time base ‘t’, with NO contact ON
first and then NC.
OVERLOAD RELAY
• Overload relays are used to protect the motor
from overload by disconnecting the power to
the motor and stopping its operation.
• Construction of OLR- The OLR has a bimetallic
strip which operates in the power circuit
current flow. When the current flow is
increased (Thrush-hold) than set current limit,
the contacts open and hence the relay acts as
a tripping device to protect the motor power.
OVERLOAD RELAY
• When the bimetallic strip bends, the relay
cuts-off the power supply. For security
reasons, the relay can only be restored
mechanically by moving the lever by hand.
• OLR is used commonly in motor control
applications, as well as in all electrical
installations.
RELAY LOGIC
• Relay logic is a method of controlling industrial electronic circuits
by using relay coils and contacts.
• Relay logic diagrams are created to show the logical relationship
between devices.
• Relay logic diagrams are sometimes called elementary diagrams,
line diagrams, or relay ladder logic (RLL) and used in PLC
programming.
• The symbols used in Relay Ladder Logic consists of a power rail
to the left, a second power rail to the right, and individual
circuits that connect the left power rail to the right.
• The logic of each circuit (or rung) is solved from left to right. The
symbols of these diagrams look like a ladder – with two side rails
and circuits that resemble rungs on a ladder.
RELAY LOGIC
• The picture has a single circuit or “rung” of
ladder.
• If Input1 is ON (or true) – power (logic)
completes the circuit from the left rail to the
right rail – and Output1 turns ON (or true).
• If Output1 is OFF (or false) – then the circuit is
not completed and logic does not flow to the
right – and Output 1 is OFF.
RELAY EXAMPLE PRACTICLES
RELAY EXAMPLE PRACTICLES
RELAY EXAMPLE PRACTICLES
RELAY EXAMPLE PRACTICLES
RELAY EXAMPLE PRACTICLES