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Motor Starter

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45 views

Motor Starter

Ieee lab

Uploaded by

mushrafmt35
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exp. No.5 Date: 12.09.

2023
Aim: - To familiarise the motor starters and control devices used in electrical industry

STARTERS USED TO START THE MOTORS


A motor starter is an electrical device that is used to start & stop a motor safely. Similar to a
relay, the motor starter switches the power ON/OFF & unlike a relay, it also provides a low
voltage & overcurrent protection.
The functions of a motor starter are,
 To safely start a motor
 To safely stop a motor
 To reverse the direction of a motor
 To protect the motor from low voltage & overcurrent.
A motor starter is made of two main components that work together to control & protect the
motor;
Electrical Contactor: The purpose of the contactor is to switch ON/OFF the power supply to
the motor by making or breaking the contact terminals.
Overload protection circuit: The purpose of this circuit is to protect the motor from
potential harm due to the overload condition. Huge current through the rotor may damage the
winding as well as other appliances connected to the supply. It senses the current & breaks
the power supply

A. D C MOTOR STARTERS

1. 2 Point Starter- for Series motor


2. 3 Point Starter- for Shunt motor
3. 4 Point Starter- for Compound motor

B. A C MOTOR STARTERS

1. DOL Starter- Small motors below 5 HP


2. Star-Delta Starter-Medium type motors up to about 25 HP
3. Auto transformer Starter- Above 10 HP Motor
4. Rotor Resistance Starter- for Slip ring Induction Motor.
CONTACTORS AND RELAYS
1.MPCB (Motor Protection Circuit Breaker)
A motor protection circuit breaker, or MPCB, is an electromechanical device that protect the
motor against the electrical fault such as short circuits, overload, phase unbalance, phase loss,
line-to-ground faults and line-to-line faults.

2.Three phase Contactor


A contactor is an electromechanical switch whose function is to make or break the connection
between the power supply and the load. A contactor’s applications include controlling
electric motors, thermal evaporators, lighting, heating, and other electrical loads.
When the current passing through the contactor, excites the electromagnet which causing the
contactor core to move the armature. A normally closed (NC) contact completes the circuit
between the fixed contacts and the moving contacts. This permits the current to pass through
these contacts to the load. When current is removed, the coil is de-energized and opens the
circuit.

3.Auxiliary contactor/Relay
Auxiliary contacts also called helping contacts which used for control, indication, alarm, and
feedback circuits. Generally, in a contactor both NO(Normally Open) and NC(Normally
Closed) contacts available. Auxiliary contacts are mainly designed to work with low voltage
and low current. Auxiliary contacts help a lot when we make circuits for DOL starter or Star
Delta Starter.
Difference between main contact and auxiliary contacts.
1. An electrical contractor completes its main function using its main or power contacts
whereas auxiliary contacts only used for control circuits, indicator circuits, or feedback
circuits.
2. Main contacts are designed for Normally Open (NO) only whereas Auxiliary contacts are
available in both types - NO and NC
3. Main contacts are designed to carry high voltage and high current whereas auxiliary
contacts are designed for low voltage and low current only.
4. There is a chance of sparking in main contacts as it carrying a high current but in auxiliary
contacts, there is no chance of sparking.

4.Overload Relay (OLR)


An overload relay is a device that protects an electric motor against overloads and phase
failure.
It senses overloading of motor and interrupts the power flow to the motor, thus protecting it
from overheating and winding damages. Apart from overloads, it can also protect the motor
from phase loss/ failures and phase imbalance. They are very commonly known as OLR.

5.Impulse Relay
An impulse relay is a form of latching relay and is often referred to as a bistable relay. It is
used to changes the contact states with a pulse.

When impulse relay energizes, it determines the position of the relay and energizes the
opposing coil. And the relay will maintain this position even if the power is removed. When
power is reapplied, the contact changes its state and holds this position. And this process is
repeated with the ON/OFF power.

This type of relay is most suitable in applications like ON/OFF devices from multiple places
with push-button or momentary switch. For example, it is used in a lighting circuit or
conveyer to control from different locations.

6.Timer Relay

Timer relay is used operate a machine or equipment after a particular time that has to be
previously set manually or automatically in the relay. The delay time vary from milli second
to hundreds of hours. Two types of settings are there.

ON time setting- which means the we can set switch on time of the equipment. So initially,
the machine will OFF, after the setting time it will automatically switch on the circuit. For
this condition, we can use the normally open (NO)terminals, ie,15 and 18.

OFF time setting- In this setting, initially the circuit is ON, after the setting time, it will off.
For this condition, normally closed (NC)terminals, ie,15 and 16 can be used.

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